| Summary: | Modal Pragmatics analyzes and systematizes differences among our uses of modal expressions in ordinary language which have not been adequately explained elsewhere. We say such things as: “By necessity, John Tylor was not Jewish; no US-president ever was”; “The rooks cannot move diagonally”; “It is still possible for you to catch the train”; “I am necessarily only in one place at a time”; “Necessarily, that apple accelerates at 9.8 m/s2”; “Peter will inevitably die; there is no antidote to the venom of the snake that bit him”. These differences are not sufficiently explained by distinctions between different types of modalities like alethic and deontic, or by different bases of evaluation like the speaker’s knowledge or an object’s history. They can, however, be clarified and more systematically defined by establishing a new field of modal differentiation, which we may call “modal pragmatics”. Apart from analyzing ordinary language, this may be helpful in formulating ontological theses.
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