Becker's World of the Cell
For courses incell biology. Connecting fundamentalconcepts across the world of the cell Known for its strong biochemistry coverage and clear, easy-to-followexplanations and figures, Becker's World of the Cell provides abeautifully illustrated, up-to-date introduction to cell biology concepts,pr...
| Otros Autores: | , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Harlow, England :
Pearson Education
[2022]
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| Edición: | Tenth edition, Global edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009863796406719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- About The Authors
- Detailed Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1. A Preview of Cell Biology
- 1.1 The Cell Theory: A Brief History
- Advances in Microscopy Allowed Detailed Studies of Cells
- The Cell Theory Applies to All Organisms
- 1.2 The Emergence of Modern Cell Biology
- The Cytological Strand Deals with Cellular Structure
- The Biochemical Strand Concerns the Chemistry of Biological Structure and Function
- The Genetic Strand Focuses on Information Flow
- 1.3 How Do We Know What We Know?
- Biological "Facts" May Turn Out to Be Incorrect
- Experiments Test Specific Hypotheses
- Model Organisms Play a Key Role in Modern Cell Biology Research
- Well-Designed Experiments Alter Only One Variable at a Time
- Summary of Key Points
- Problem Set
- Key Technique: Using Immunofluorescence to Identify Specific Cell Components
- Human Connections: The Immortal Cells of Henrietta Lacks
- Chapter 2. The Chemistry of the Cell
- 2.1 The Importance of Carbon
- Carbon-Containing Molecules Are Stable
- Carbon-Containing Molecules Are Diverse
- Carbon-Containing Molecules Can Form Stereoisomers
- 2.2 The Importance of Water
- Water Molecules Are Polar
- Water Molecules Are Cohesive
- Water Has a High Temperature-Stabilizing Capacity
- Water Is an Excellent Solvent
- 2.3 The Importance of Selectively Permeable Membranes
- A Membrane Is a Lipid Bilayer with Proteins Embedded in It
- Lipid Bilayers Are Selectively Permeable
- 2.4 The Importance of Synthesis by Polymerization
- Macromolecules Are Critical for Cellular Form and Function
- Cells Contain Three Different Kinds of Macromolecular Polymers
- Macromolecules Are Synthesized by Stepwise Polymerization of Monomers
- 2.5 The Importance of Self-Assembly.
- Noncovalent Bonds and Interactions Are Important in the Folding of Macromolecules
- Many Proteins Spontaneously Fold into Their Biologically Functional State
- Molecular Chaperones Assist the Assembly of Some Proteins
- Self-Assembly Also Occurs in Other Cellular Structures
- The Tobacco Mosaic Virus Is a Case Study in Self-Assembly
- Self-Assembly Has Limits
- Hierarchical Assembly Provides Advantages for the Cell
- Summary of Key Points
- Problem Set
- Key Technique: Determining the Chemical Fingerprint of a Cell Using Mass Spectrometry
- Human Connections: Taking a Deeper Look: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Chapter 3. The Macromolecules of the Cell
- 3.1 Proteins
- The Monomers Are Amino Acids
- The Polymers Are Polypeptides and Proteins
- Several Kinds of Bonds and Interactions Are Important in Protein Folding and Stability
- Protein Structure Depends on Amino Acid Sequence and Interactions
- 3.2 Nucleic Acids
- The Monomers Are Nucleotides
- The Polymers Are DNA and RNA
- A DNA Molecule Is a Double-Stranded Helix
- 3.3 Polysaccharides
- The Monomers Are Monosaccharides
- The Polymers Are Storage and Structural Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharide Structure Depends on the Kinds of Glycosidic Bonds Involved
- 3.4 Lipids
- Fatty Acids Are the Building Blocks of Several Classes of Lipids
- Triacylglycerols Are Storage Lipids
- Phospholipids Are Important in Membrane Structure
- Glycolipids Are Specialized Membrane Components
- Steroids Are Lipids with a Variety of Functions
- Terpenes Are Formed from Isoprene
- Summary of Key Points
- Problem Set
- Human Connections: Aggregated Proteins and Alzheimer's
- Key Technique: Using X-Ray Crystallography to Determine Protein Structure
- Chapter 4. Cells and Organelles
- 4.1 The Origins of the First Cells.
- Simple Organic Molecules May Have Formed Abiotically in the Young Earth
- RNA May Have Been the First Informational Molecule
- Liposomes May Have Defined the First Primitive Protocells
- 4.2 Basic Properties of Cells
- The Three Domains of Life Are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes
- There Are Several Limitations on Cell Size
- Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes Differ from Each Other in Many Ways
- 4.3 The Eukaryotic Cell in Overview: Structure and Function
- The Plasma Membrane Defines Cell Boundaries and Retains Contents
- The Nucleus Is the Information Center of the Eukaryotic Cell
- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Provide Energy for the Cell
- The Endosymbiont Theory Proposes That Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Were Derived from Bacteria
- The Endomembrane System Synthesizes Proteins for a Variety of Cellular Destinations
- Other Organelles Also Have Specific Functions
- Ribosomes Synthesize Proteins in the Cytoplasm
- The Cytoskeleton Provides Structure to the Cytoplasm
- The Extracellular Matrix and Cell Walls Are Outside the Plasma Membrane
- 4.4 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Agents That Invade Cells
- A Virus Consists of a DNA or RNA Core Surrounded by a Protein Coat
- Viroids Are Small, Circular RNA Molecules That Can Cause Plant Diseases
- Prions Are Infectious Protein Molecules
- Summary of Key Points
- Problem Set
- Human Connections: When Cellular "Breakdown" Breaks Down
- Key Technique: Using Centrifugation to Isolate Organelles
- Chapter 5. Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell
- 5.1 The Importance of Energy
- Cells Need Energy to Perform Six Different Kinds of Work
- Organisms Obtain Energy Either from Sunlight or from the Oxidation of Chemical Compounds
- Energy Flows Through the Biosphere Continuously
- The Flow of Energy Through the Biosphere Is Accompanied by a Flow of Matter
- 5.2 Bioenergetics.
- Understanding Energy Flow Requires Knowledge of Systems, Heat, and Work
- The First Law of Thermodynamics States That Energy Is Conserved
- The Second Law of Thermodynamics States That Reactions Have Directionality
- Entropy and Free Energy Are Two Means of Assessing Thermodynamic Spontaneity
- 5.3 Understanding ΔG and Keq
- The Equilibrium Constant Keq Is a Measure of Directionality
- ΔG Can Be Calculated Readily
- The Standard Free Energy Change Is ΔG Measured Under Standard Conditions
- Summing Up: The Meaning of ΔGʹ and ΔG°ʹ
- Free Energy Change: Sample Calculations
- Jumping Beans Provide a Useful Analogy for Bioenergetics
- Life Requires Steady-State Reactions That Move Toward Equilibrium Without Ever Getting There
- Summary of Key Points
- Problem Set
- Human Connections: The "Potential" of Food to Provide Energy
- Key Technique: Measuring How Molecules Bind to One Another Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
- Chapter 6. Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life
- 6.1 Activation Energy and the Metastable State
- Before a Chemical Reaction Can Occur, the Activation Energy Barrier Must Be Overcome
- The Metastable State Is a Result of the Activation Barrier
- Catalysts Overcome the Activation Energy Barrier
- 6.2 Enzymes as Biological Catalysts
- Most Enzymes Are Proteins
- Substrate Binding, Activation, and Catalysis Occur at the Active Site
- Ribozymes Are Catalytic RNA Molecules
- 6.3 Enzyme Kinetics
- Monkeys and Peanuts Provide a Useful Analogy for Understanding Enzyme Kinetics
- Most Enzymes Display Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
- What Is the Meaning of V max and Km?
- Why Are Km and Vmax Important to Cell Biologists?
- The Double-Reciprocal Plot Is a Useful Means of Visualizing Kinetic Data
- Enzyme Inhibitors Act Either Irreversibly or Reversibly
- 6.4 Enzyme Regulation.
- Allosteric Enzymes Are Regulated by Molecules Other than Reactants and Products
- Allosteric Enzymes Exhibit Cooperative Interactions Between Subunits
- Enzymes Can Also Be Regulated by the Addition or Removal of Chemical Groups
- Summary of Key Points
- Problem Set
- Human Connections: Ace Inhibitors: Enzyme Activity as TheDifference Between Life and Death
- Key Technique: Determining Km and Vmax Using Enzyme Assays
- Chapter 7. Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry
- 7.1 The Functions of Membranes
- Membranes Define Boundaries and Serve as Permeability Barriers
- Membranes Contain Specific Proteins and Therefore Have Specific Functions
- Membrane Proteins Regulate the Transport of Solutes
- Membrane Proteins Detect and Transmit Electrical and Chemical Signals
- Membrane Proteins Mediate Cell Adhesion and Cell-to-Cell Communication
- 7.2 Models of Membrane Structure: An Experimental Perspective
- Overton and Langmuir: Lipids Are Important Components of Membranes
- Gorter and Grendel: The Basis of Membrane Structure Is a Lipid Bilayer
- Davson and Danielli: Membranes Also Contain Proteins
- Robertson: All Membranes Share a Common Underlying Structure
- Further Research Revealed Major Shortcomings of the Davson-Danielli Model
- Singer and Nicolson: A Membrane Consists of a Mosaic of Proteins in a Fluid Lipid Bilayer
- Unwin and Henderson: Most Membrane Proteins Contain Transmembrane Segments
- 7.3 Membrane Lipids: The "Fluid" Part of the Model
- Membranes Contain Several Major Classes of Lipids
- Fatty Acids Are Essential to Membrane Structure and Function
- Thin-Layer Chromatography Is an Important Technique for Lipid Analysis
- Membrane Asymmetry: Most Lipids Are Distributed Unequally Between the Two Monolayers
- The Lipid Bilayer Is Fluid
- Most Organisms Can Regulate Membrane Fluidity.
- Lipid Micro- or Nanodomains May Localize Molecules in Membranes.
