Assessing nanoparticle risks to human health
The book will take a systematic look at nanoparticle risks within the paradigm of risk assessment, consider the limitations of this paradigm in dealing with the extreme uncertainties regarding many aspects of nanoparticle exposure and toxicity, and suggest new methods for assessing and managing risk...
| Otros Autores: | |
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| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam ; Boston :
William Andrew
c2011.
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| Edición: | 1st edition |
| Colección: | Micro & nano technologies.
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| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009628413106719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Assessing Nanoparticle Risks to Human Health; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; About the Editor; About the Contributors; 1Challenges in Nanoparticle Risk Assessment; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Nature of the Engineered Nanomaterial Challenge; 1.3 The Problem with Definitions; 1.4 Principles-based Problem Formulation for Engineered Nanomaterials; 1.4.1 Emergent Risk; 1.4.2 Plausibility; 1.4.3 Impact; 1.5 Applying the Principles to Engineered Nanomaterials; 1.5.1 Materials Demonstrating Abrupt Scale-specific Changes in Biological or Environmental Behavior
- 1.5.2 Materials Capable of Penetrating to Normally Inaccessible Places; 1.5.3 Active Materials; 1.5.4 Materials Exhibiting Scalable Hazard that is Not Captured by Conventional Risk Assessments; 1.6 Looking Forward; 2Assessing Exposures to Nanomaterials in the Occupational Environment; 2.1 Nanotechnology and Nanoparticles; 2.2 Exposure Routes; 2.2.1 Inhalation; 2.2.2 Dermal; 2.2.3 Ingestion; 2.3 Measurement of Health-related Exposure Metrics; 2.4 Instrumentation; 2.4.1 Real-time Measurements; 2.4.2 Time-integrated Measurements; 2.5 Exposure Assessment Strategy; 2.5.1 Basic Characterization
- 2.5.2 Exposure Assessment; 3 Hazard and Risk Assessment of Workplace Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles: Methods, Issues, and Carbon Nanotube Case Study; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Risk Assessment Paradigm; 3.1.2 Hazard Assessment; 3.1.3 Dose-Response Assessment; 3.1.4 Temporal Extrapolation; 3.2 Case Study Example: Carbon Nanotubes; 3.2.1 Data Description; 3.2.2 Severity of Effects; 3.2.3 Risk Assessment Steps: Benchmark Dose Estimation; 3.3 Discussion; 3.3.1 Comparison to Other Methods; 3.3.2 Research Needs; 3.3.3 Future Directions; 3.4 Appendix: Pulmonary Ventilation Rate Calculations
- 3.4.1 Rat Ventilation Rate; 3.4.2 Human Ventilation Rate; 4Pulmonary Bioassay Methods for Evaluating Hazards Following Exposures to Nanoscale or Fine Particulate Materials; 4.1 Introduction and General Background; 4.2 What Is Postulated About the Lung Hazards of Nanoparticle Exposures; 4.3 Species Differences in Lung Responses to Inhaled Fine and/or Ultrafine TiO[sub(2)] Particles; 4.4 Pulmonary Bioassay Studies; 4.4.1 Pulmonary Bioassay Studies of Fine and Nanoscale TiO[sub(2)] Particle-types; 4.4.2 Pulmonary Bioassay Studies of Fine and Nanoscale α-Quartz Particle-types
- 4.4.3 Safe-Handling of Nanoscale Particulates in the Laboratory; 5Using Expert Judgment For Risk Assessment; 5.1 Uncertainties in Risk Assessment; 5.1.1 Challenges and Uncertainty in Data Collection, Extrapolation,and Modeling; 5.2 Limitations of Existing Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Precedents for Using Expert Judgment; 5.2.1 Traditional Risk Assessment; 5.2.2 Using Expert Judgment in Risk Assessment; 5.3 Eliciting Expert Judgment - Selection of Experts, Elicitation Protocols and Best Practices; 5.3.1 Expert Performance on Elicitation Tasks; 5.3.2 Elicitation Methods and Best Practices; 5.4 Arriving at Consensus Risk Estimates
