Materias:

Materias:

Materias:

Materias:

Materias:

Materias:

Materias:

Tabla de Contenidos: “…8.4.4 Process for the Production of Ethanol from Sugary Crops -- 8.4.5 Process for the Production of Ethanol from Starchy Crops -- 8.4.6 Process for the Production of Bioethanol from Cellulosic Biomass and Spent Aromatic Crops -- 8.4.7 Purification of Bioethanol -- 8.5 Biodiesel Production from Fatty Acids -- 8.5.1 Chemical Catalytic Process -- 8.5.1.1 Homogeneous Base-Catalysed Transesterification -- 8.5.1.2 Homogeneous Acid-Catalysed Transesterification -- 8.5.1.3 Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 8.5.1.4 Alkali Earth Metal Oxides -- 8.5.1.5 Acid/Base Zeolites -- 8.5.1.6 Heteropolyacids -- 8.5.1.7 Waste Biomass Derived Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 8.5.1.8 Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts -- 8.5.2 Biochemical Catalysts -- 8.6 Levulinic Acid (LA) -- 8.6.1 Extraction of Levulinic Acid (LA) from Waste and Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Bio-Alcohol: Production, Purification, and Analysis Using Analytical Techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Biomethanol Extraction -- 9.2.1 Thermochemical Conversion Process -- 9.2.2 Biochemical Conversion Process -- 9.2.3 Anaerobic Digestion -- 9.3 Bioethanol Extraction -- 9.3.1 Extraction of Bioethanol from the Waste Flower (Starchy Material) -- 9.3.2 Analytical Methods for Determination of Bioethanol -- 9.3.3 Bioethanol Extraction from Sugarcane -- 9.4 Biopropanol Extraction -- 9.5 Bioglycerol Extraction -- 9.6 Bioethylene Glycol Extraction -- 9.7 Branched-Chain Bioalcohols Extraction -- 9.8 Purification of Bioalcohol -- 9.8.1 Distillation -- 9.8.2 Adsorption -- 9.8.3 Ozonation -- 9.8.4 Gas Striping -- 9.8.5 Pervaporation -- 9.8.6 Vaccum Fermentation -- 9.8.7 Solvent Extraction -- 9.9 Quantification of Bioalcohols -- 9.9.1 Gas Chromatography (GC) -- 9.9.2 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 9.9.3 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) -- 9.9.4 Olfactometry…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…8.4 Microbial oil production in fed-batch cultures -- 8.5 Biodiesel production from microbial oil -- 8.5.1 Biodiesel properties -- 8.5.2 Direct versus indirect transesterification of microbial oil -- 8.6 Techno-economic evaluation of biodiesel production from microbial oil -- 8.7 Perspective of biofuel production from microbial oil -- References -- 9 - Biochemical production of bioalcohols -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Types of biomass for bioalcohol production -- 9.2.1 Characteristics of biomass -- 9.2.2 Availability of biomass -- 9.2.3 Processing of biomass -- 9.3 Bioalcohols -- 9.3.1 Types of bioalcohols -- 9.3.2 Biomethanol -- 9.3.3 Bioethanol -- 9.3.4 Biobutanol -- 9.3.5 Biopropanol -- 9.4 New technologies for bioethanol production -- 9.4.1 Development of new energy crops and alternative feedstocks -- 9.4.1.1 High fermentable corn (HFC) hybrids -- 9.4.1.2 Corn with endogenous alpha-amylase -- 9.4.1.3 Oil-producing sugarcane (lipidcane) -- 9.4.1.4 Food waste -- 9.4.2 Technologies to reduce substrate and product inhibition -- 9.4.2.1 Granular starch hydrolyzing (GSH) enzymes (reducing substrate inhibition) -- 9.4.2.2 In situ ethanol stripping using vacuum (reducing product inhibition) -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 - Production of biogas via anaerobic digestion -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 The principles of the anaerobic digestion process -- 10.2 Factors affecting the anaerobic digestion process -- 10.2.1 Temperature -- 10.2.2 pH, free ammonia, and volatile fatty acids -- 10.2.3 Feedstock composition -- 10.3 Advantages and limitations -- 10.4 Reactor configurations -- 10.5 Methods for enhancing the efficiency of anaerobic digestion -- 10.5.1 Pretreatments -- 10.5.1.1 Mechanical pretreatments -- 10.5.1.2 Thermal pretreatments -- 10.5.1.3 Chemical pretreatments -- 10.5.1.4 Biological pretreatments -- 10.5.2 Anaerobic codigestion…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Scale-Up and Scale-Down -- Summary -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Description of the Large Scale -- 16.2.1 Mixing -- 16.2.2 Mass Transfer -- 16.2.3 CO2 Removal -- 16.2.4 Cooling -- 16.2.5 Gas-Liquid Separation -- 16.3 Scale-Down -- 16.3.1 One-Compartment Systems -- 16.3.2 Two-Compartment Systems -- 16.4 Investigations at Lab Scale -- 16.4.1 Gluconic Acid -- 16.4.2 Lipase -- 16.4.3 Baker's Yeast -- 16.4.4 Penicillin -- 16.5 Scale-Up -- 16.6 Outlook -- References -- 17. …”