“…The five other chapters provide an overview of key indicators of health and health systems across the 27 EU member states, 5 EU candidate countries, 3 European Free Trade Association countries and the United Kingdom. …”

“…The report analyses how discriminatory social norms and practices continue to constrain women's empowerment and restrict their access to opportunities and rights, notably across three key dimensions: their economic situation, their place within the household and their physical integrity and agency over their own body. …”

“…This approach is then used to quantify the distributional impact of some growth-enhancing reforms undertaken or recommended for Denmark, based on empirical evidence across OECD countries. Finally, we take a forward looking stance by discussing global forces shaping the rise in inequality, in particular skill-biased technological change and deliver a tentative scenario for Denmark in the wider OECD context…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Executive summary -- 1 Corruption risks across commodity trading transactions: An overview -- Opacity of ownership and governance structures of key actors involved in commodity trading -- Use of corporate vehicles in commodity trading transactions -- Use of front companies to purchase commodities -- Use of joint venture structures in commodity trading transactions -- Concealment of beneficial owners of buyers -- Involvement of politically exposed persons in commodity trading transactions -- Use of intermediaries in commodity trading transactions -- Lack of or insufficient corporate due diligence -- Note -- 2 Corruption risks in the buyer selection process -- Opacity of the selection of buyers -- Use of bribery to secure commodities -- Existence of conflicts of interest between buyer and seller -- 3 Corruption risks in the terms of the sales agreement -- Lack of transparency of the key terms of the transaction -- Additional risks associated with the use of non-conventional sales agreements -- Resource-backed finance agreements -- Commodity-for-product-swap-agreements -- 4 Corruption risks in the transfer of the commodities -- Misinvoicing of commodities -- Misreporting of grade and valuation -- Misreporting of volume -- 5 Corruption risks in the collection of the payment -- Opacity of the revenue flows -- Manipulation of the foreign exchange rate -- Lack of transparency of the payment account -- References -- Annex A. …”

“…It addresses eight key thematic areas, including strategic planning, co-ordination across administrative units and policy sectors, multi-level governance and investment capacity, the use of monitoring and evaluation evidence for decision-making, budgeting, strategic workforce management, open government, and regulatory policy to reduce administrative burden and simplify public procurement. …”

“…Results suggest that differences in skill mismatch across countries are related to differences in public policies. …”

“…Micro-level data indicate that, across OECD countries, economic instability is much greater at the level of individuals than at the aggregate level. …”

“…This unprecedented information on MNE Groups' operations across the world has boosted tax authorities' risk assessment capabilities. …”

“…This paper aims at gaging the skills and knowledge gap of tertiary graduates of universities and vocational colleges across China. It also looks at the employment and wage prospects of graduates with different educational backgrounds. …”

“…Across the euro area, the ability of public finances to support equitable growth has tended to deteriorate. …”

“…We find wide dispersion in efficiency measures across OECD countries and provide possible quantified improvements for both output and input efficiency…”

“…Price rises have varied considerably across cantons. Transactions activity in the sector has been robust, with growth in mortgage volumes strongly outpacing disposable income. …”

“…It identifies trends, challenges, opportunities and good practices, drawing upon survey responses from 57 economic regulators across 31 countries…”

“…The results indicate a weak, inequality-reducing relationship between decentralisation and income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, but the effect is rather small and unstable across specifications. Fine-graining the analysis by using income percentile ratios, in turn, produces more significant and stable results. …”

“…This may well be at least partly a language issue, as migrants from Poland resemble migrants from other low-income countries in that their numeracy and literacy skills in the language of their host country is markedly lower than the average across all PIAAC participants, migrants or not. This gap is smaller, though, when looking only at migrants who report having been tested in a language that they use often and master well. …”

“…This approach provides a consistent treatment of one-offs both across countries and over time, avoiding the potential information biases which could result from an individual identification of one-offs…”

“…The report can help national and local policy makers in Israel build effective and sustainable partnerships at the local level, which join-up efforts and achieve stronger outcomes across employment, training, and economic development policies. …”

“…In order to identify the causal effects of short-time work, a difference-in-differences approach is adopted that exploits the variation in labour-adjustment patterns and the intensity with which STW schemes are used across countries and time. The estimates support the conclusion that STW schemes had an economically important impact on preserving jobs during the economic downturn, with the largest impacts of STW on employment in Germany and Japan among the 16 countries considered. …”

“…Through comparative work, it identifies common elements across these sectors and highlights critical implications for trade policy…”

“…It highlights pathways towards successful integration practices, and summarizes the evidence on good practice and promising common practices from across all of the vulnerable groups…”