Tabla de Contenidos: “…BIOPROCESSING OPPORTUNITIES -- Alternative Fuels -- Alternative Feed and Food Sources -- Other Products -- CONCLUSIONS -- Gene Identification -- Gene Regulation -- Structure and Function of Gene Products -- Cellular Techniques -- Development in Organisms and Communities -- Environmental Considerations -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Increased Emphasis on Basic Research -- Improved Techniques and Applications -- Increased Attention to the Ecological Aspects of Biotechnology -- 3 Funding and Institutions -- FUNDING BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM -- The Federal-State Agricultural Partnership -- Past Contributions from Agricultural Research -- Pressures for Change -- The Emergence of Biotechnology -- INSTITUTIONS THAT SUPPORT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH -- Federal Agencies -- U.S. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- Purpose of the Study -- Current Use of Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment -- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS -- Characteristics of Animal Sentinel Systems -- Species -- Exposure Sources -- Duration of Exposure -- Measures of Effect -- Reference Populations -- Objectives of Monitoring Animals Sentinels -- Advantages and Limitations of Animal Sentinel Systems -- Multifactorial Causality -- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans -- FOOD ANIMALS AS SENTINELS -- COMPANION ANIMALS AS SENTINELS -- FISH AND OTHER WILDLIFE AS SENTINELS -- ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 1 Introduction -- OVERVIEW -- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY -- HISTORICAL USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS -- CURRENT USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT -- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 2 Concepts and Definitions -- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS -- Species -- A sentinel should have a measurable response (including accumulation of tissue residues) to the agent or class of agents... -- A sentinel should have a territory or home range that overlaps the area to be monitored -- A sentinel species should be easily enumerated and captured -- A sentinel species must have sufficient population size and density to permit enumeration -- Exposure Sources -- Duration of Exposure -- Measures of Effect -- Reference Populations -- OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING ANIMAL SENTINELS -- Human Health Effects -- Contamination of the Food Chain -- Environmental Contamination -- Adverse Effects on Animals -- ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- Descriptive Epidemiology -- Analytic Epidemiologic…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…THE FUNDING OF YOUNG INVESTIGATORS IN THE BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES -- Copyright -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS STUDY -- YOUNG INVESTIGATORS AND THE SCIENTIFIC "PIPELINE -- YOUNG INVESTIGATORS: FINDING RESOURCES FOR AN INDEPENDENT RESEARCH CAREER -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SUPPORT FOR YOUNG INVESTIGATORS -- DIFFERENCES IN FUNDING FOR BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- FEDERAL EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES -- National Institutes of Health -- National Science Foundation -- Locally Administered Funds -- U.S. Department of Agriculture -- NONFEDERAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFESCIENCES -- Industrial Funding -- Philanthropic Funding -- Voluntary Health Organization Funding -- University Support -- SUPPORT FOR NEWLY INDEPENDENT FEMALE INVESTIGATORS AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY GROUPS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES -- 1 INTRODUCTION: NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES -- 2 EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH -- OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL SUPPORT OF LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH -- FEDERAL FUNDING OF BASIC BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH -- GRANTING VEHICLES -- FUNDING ENVIRONMENT -- NONFEDERAL FUNDING AND MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT OF LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH -- INDUSTRY -- PHILANTHROPY -- Young Investigator Programs -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute -- VOLUNTARY HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS -- ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS -- 3 EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NEWLY INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATORS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE -- OVERVIEW OF FUNDING OF THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES -- FEDERAL FUNDING OF BASIC BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH -- U.S. …”