“…To explore these issues, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Sciences, and the International Society for Stem Cell Research held a workshop in November 2013. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The Artificial Heart -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- The Artificial Heart -- Executive Summary -- TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND BARRIERS -- MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT FUTURE RESEARCH -- CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS -- PROJECTED PATIENT NEED -- HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE -- COST-EFFECTIVENESS -- APPROPRIATENESS OF USE OF MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT -- PATIENT ACCESS TO MCSSS -- ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY ISSUES -- REGULATORY DECISIONS ABOUT NEW TECHNOLOGIES -- DEVELOPMENT OF TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEARTS -- CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES -- ADDITIONAL RESEARCH -- USING THIS REPORT -- 1 The Artificial Heart Program: Current Status and History -- END-STAGE HEART DISEASE -- HOW LONG-TERM IMPLANTABLE DEVICES COULD HELP -- Ventricular Assist Devices -- Total Artificial Hearts -- Temporary Circulatory Support -- THE ARTIFICIAL HEART PROGRAM -- THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE STUDY -- REFERENCES -- 2 Total Artificial Hearts: Technological Potential and Research and Development Costs -- TEMPORARY CIRCULATORY SUPPORT -- LONG-TERM DEVICES UNDER DEVELOPMENT -- ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT OF MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT DEVICES -- Mechanical Failure -- Device Components as Limiting Factors -- Device Longevity -- CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS WITH MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT DEVICES -- ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING END-STAGE HEART DISEASE -- Conventional Medical Treatment -- Other Cardiac Assistance Technologies -- Heart Transplantation -- SUMMARY OF THE CURRENT AND FUTURE STATE OF TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART TECHNOLOGY -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS OF TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEARTS -- Stages of the Innovative Process -- Support for the Artificial Heart Program -- Considering the Costs of Research and Development to Industry -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…SUMMARY OF CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- Understanding Professional Roles in Surveillance and Monitoring -- Ensuring Availability of Data -- Promoting Sharing of Data -- Tracking Nosocomial Infections -- Accurate Reporting of Encounter-Level Data -- Overcoming Structural Barriers -- Summary -- 5 Education and Outreach -- COORDINATING HEALTH PLAN RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS -- IMPACTS OF MANAGED CARE SYSTEM'S EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS ON CONTROL OF ANTIBIOTIC USE -- EDUCATION AND OUTREACH PERSPECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- MANAGED CARE SYSTEMS AND EMERGING INFECTIONS: EDUCATION AND OUTREACH -- SUMMARY OF CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- Promote Professional Education Efforts -- Encourage Judicious Antibiotic Use -- Invest in Educational Programs -- Summary -- 6 Drug Formularies -- REGULATORY ISSUES -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGED CARE FORMULARIES AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES -- BACTERIAL RESISTANCE, THE ANTIBIOTIC FORMULARY, AND OTHER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES -- ECONOMICS OF RESTRICTIONS ON PHARMACEUTICALS -- SUMMARY OF CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- Ensuring Availability of Current Information on New Drugs -- Managing Antibiotic Selective Pressure -- Need for New Management Strategies for Cost Reduction -- Achieving Quality Care and Cost Containment -- Summary -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Appendix A Veterans Health Administration and Infectious Disease -- CLINICAL RESEARCH -- CLINICAL PRACTICE -- Information Technology -- Homelessness -- SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING -- Emerging Pathogens Initiative -- Annual Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Report -- EDUCATION -- DRUG FORMULARY -- Appendix B Glossary and Acronyms -- Acronyms -- Glossary -- Appendix C Workshop Agenda -- Appendix D Forum Member and Staff Biographies -- FORUM MEMBERS -- STUDY STAFF…”

“…In Vital Directions for Health & Health Care: An Initiative of the National Academy of Medicine, the U.S. National Academy of Medicine (NAM, formerly the Institute of Medicine), which has long stood as the nation's most trusted independent source of guidance in health, health care, and biomedical science, has marshaled the wisdom of more than 150 of the nation's best researchers and health policy experts to assess opportunities for substantially improving the health and well-being of Americans, the quality of care delivered, and the contributions of science and technology. …”