Tabla de Contenidos: “…Institutionalizing the Duty to Rescue in a Global Health Emergency -- 2.1 Extreme Nationalism -- 2.2 The Moral Necessity of Institutionalizing Duties of Justice, not Just Duties of Beneficence -- 2.3 A Dynamic Conception of Morality -- 2.4 Extreme Cosmopolitanism -- 2.5 A Positive Cosmopolitan Duty -- 2.6 Institutional Design -- 3. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…BASIC HUMAN GENETICS AND GENETIC ANALYSIS -- Technologies for Detecting Genetic Disorders -- NEWBORN SCREENING -- CARRIER TESTING AND SCREENING -- PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS -- Critical Issues in Prenatal Diagnosis -- TESTING FOR LATE-ONSET DISORDERS -- Monogenic Disorders of Late Onset -- Huntington Disease -- Alzheimer Disease -- Hemochromatosis -- Familial Hypercholesterolemia -- Polycystic Kidney Disease -- Inherited Susceptibility to Cancers -- Testing for Multifactorial Genetic Disorders -- Coronary Heart Disease -- Hypertension -- Cancers of Complex Origin -- Diabetes -- Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Infectious Diseases -- Psychiatric Diseases -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Newborn Screening -- Carrier Testing and Screening -- Prenatal Diagnosis -- Testing for Late-Onset Disorders -- REFERENCES -- 3 Laboratory Issues in Human Genetics -- PROGRAMS AND REGULATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF LABORATORIES PROVIDING GENETIC TESTS -- State Assessments of Laboratories Providing Genetic Tests -- Voluntary Quality Assurance and Proficiency Testing in Genetics -- Costs, Benefits, and Limitations of State and Voluntary Quality Assurance Programs -- Federal Regulation of Clinical Laboratories -- History -- Laboratories Covered by CLIA88 -- CLIA88 Regulations -- Genetic Tests Under CLIA88 -- Research Laboratories and Tests for Rare Disorders -- Interpretation of Laboratory Test Results -- ENSURING THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW GENETIC TESTS -- Premarket Approval of Medical Devices -- Collection of Data for Test Validation -- Humanitarian Exemptions -- Investigational Use of New Devices -- Institutional Review Boards and Genetic Tests -- Inappropriate Use of Investigational Devices -- NEWBORN AND OTHER GENETIC SCREENING PROGRAMS -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Ensuring the Quality of Laboratories -- Ensuring the Safety of New Tests -- REFERENCES…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Studies of Women with No Prenatal Care -- Studies of Adolescents -- Limitations -- PROVIDER PERSPECTIVES -- MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Improving the Use of Prenatal Care: Program Experience -- SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMS -- THE PROGRAMS STUDIED -- Programs That Reduce Financial Barriers -- Programs That Increase System Capacity -- Programs That Improve Institutional Practices -- Programs That Conduct Casefinding -- Programs That Provide Social Support -- OBSERVATIONS ON PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS -- PROGRAM DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT -- COMMON DIFFICULTIES IN PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE -- Finding Financial and Community Support -- Recruiting and Keeping Personnel -- Dealing with Bureaucracies -- Planning and Sustaining Programs -- Other Problems -- PROGRAM EVALUATION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES AND NOTES -- Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- REVISING THE NATION'S MATERNITY CARE SYSTEM: A LONG-TERM GOAL -- DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE, MULTIFACTED PROGRAM: A SHORT-TERM GOAL -- FINANCIAL BARRIERS -- INADEQUATE SYSTEM CAPACITY -- INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION, PRACTICES, AND ATMOSPHERE -- PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION -- THE ROLE OF OUTREACH: A GENERAL FRAMEWORK -- CASEFINDING -- SOCIAL SUPPORT -- MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION -- RESEARCH -- A NOTE TO FUNDERS -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES AND NOTES -- Appendix A Summaries of the 31 Programs Studied -- TYPE 1: PROGRAMS TO REDUCE FINANCIAL BARRIERS -- Healthy Start Program-Massachusetts -- Prenatal-Postpartum Care Program-Michigan -- TYPE 2: PROGRAMS TO INCREASE SYSTEM CAPACITY -- Obstetrical Access Pilot Project-California -- Perinatal Program-Lea County, New Mexico -- Prenatal Care Assistance Program-New York State -- Prevention of Low Birthweight Program-Onondaga County, New York -- TYPE 3: PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE INSTITUTIONAL PRACTICES…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Recommendation 7.4 Special Areas of Emphasis in Primary Care Training -- FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR GRADUATE TRAINING IN PRIMARY CARE -- Current Sources of Graduate Medical Education Funding -- Medicare Funding -- Title VII Funds for Primary Care Training -- Funding of Nurse Practitioner Education -- Graduate Medical Education as a Public Good -- Recommendation 7.5 All-Payer Support for Primary Care Training -- Support for Advanced Training in Primary Care Sites -- Recommendation 7.6 Support for Graduate Medical Education in Primary Care Sites -- INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION OF PRIMARY CARE CLINICIANS -- Recommendation 7.7 Interdisciplinary Training -- Recommendation 7.8 Experimentation and Evaluation -- INTEGRATED DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND PRIMARY CARE TRAINING -- CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION -- PHYSICIAN RETRAINING -- Reasons for Retraining -- Kinds of Retraining -- Certification After Retraining -- Recommendation 7.9 Retraining -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 8 Research and Evaluation in Primary Care -- SUPPORT FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PRIMARY CARE RESEARCH -- Federal Leadership and Support for Primary Care Research -- Recommendation 8.1 Federal Support for Primary Care Research -- Placement and Role of a Lead Agency -- Collaborative Responsibilities of a Lead Agency -- Data Sources and Needs -- Need for a Primary Care Database -- Existing Data Sources Relevant to Primary Care Research -- Recommendation 8.2 National Database and Primary Care Data Set -- Episodes of Care -- Structure of a Primary-Care-Oriented Survey -- Primary Care Research in Practice-Based Research Networks -- Recommendation 8.3 Research in Practice-Based Primary Care Research Networks -- Using Practice-Based Research Networks -- Funding for Research Through Practice-Based Networks -- Standards for Data Collection -- Recommendation 8.4 Data Standards…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Public health reportingClinical research; Authorization and informed consent; Institutional review boards; Healthcare records management; Data sharing; Understanding external third-party relationships; Information flow and life cycle in the healthcare environments; Health data characterization; Healthcare Provider Taxonomy Codes; Data analytics; Data interoperability and exchange; Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise; Health Level Seven International; Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM); Legal medical records; Definitions; Practice Exam Answers; References…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…10.4.3 RDF Knowledge Graphs -- 10.4.4 Information Retrieval Using SPARQL -- 10.5 Knowledge Base for CDSS -- 10.5.1 Curation of Knowledge Base for CDSS -- 10.5.2 Proposed Model for Curation -- 10.5.3 Evaluation Methodology -- 10.6 Discussion for Further Research and Development -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Medical Data Supervised Learning Ontologies for Accurate Data Analysis -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Ontology of Biomedicine -- 11.2.1 Ontology Resource Open Sharing -- 11.3 Supervised Learning -- 11.4 AQ21 Rule in Machine Learning -- 11.5 Unified Medical Systems -- 11.5.1 Note of Relevance to Bioinformatic Experts -- 11.5.2 Terminological Incorporation Principles -- 11.5.3 Cross-References External -- 11.5.4 UMLS Data Access -- 11.6 Performance Analysis -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Rare Disease Diagnosis as Information Retrieval Task -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Definition -- 12.3 Characteristics of Rare Diseases (RDs) -- 12.4 Types of Rare Diseases -- 12.4.1 Genetic Causes -- 12.4.2 Non-Genetic Causes -- 12.4.3 Pathogenic Causes (Infectious Agents) -- 12.4.4 Toxic Agents -- 12.4.5 Other Causes -- 12.5 A Brief Classification -- 12.6 Rare Disease Databases and Online Resources -- 12.6.1 European Reference Network: ERN -- 12.6.2 Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center: GARD -- 12.6.3 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision: ICD-10 -- 12.6.4 Orphanet-INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) -- 12.6.5 Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities: MedDRA -- 12.6.6 Medical Subject Headings: MeSH -- 12.6.7 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: OMIM -- 12.6.8 Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology: ORDO -- 12.6.9 UMLS: Unified Medical Language System -- 12.6.10 SNOMED-CT: Systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine-Clinical Terms…”