“…PTSD develops as a consequence of one or more physical or psychological traumatic events, such as exposure to natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, tsunamis; wars, torture, death threats; road accidents, robbery, air accidents; diseases with unfavorable prognoses; complicated or traumatic mourning; physical and sexual abuse and abuse during childhood; or victimization and discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, or gender identity. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…part, 1 Introduction -- chapter 1 Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Introduction, Historical Perspective, and Context / part, 2 Microscale Testing at Various Biological and Phylogenetic Levels -- Biochemical Assays -- chapter 2 Immunoassays: Applications for the Aquatic Environment / chapter 3 Environmental Applications with Submitochondrial Particles / chapter 4 Bioassays to Measure MFO Inducers in Effluents / chapter 5 Enzyme Inhibition for Examination of Toxic Effects in Aquatic Systems / part, 1_1 Tissue Culture Assays -- chapter 6 Sponge Cells and Tissue as Biological Monitors of Aquatic Pollution / chapter 7 The Use of Fish Cells in the Toxicological Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants / chapter 8 In Vitro Assays for Detection of Nongenotoxic Carcinogens / part, 1_2 Bacteria -- chapter 9 Microbial Enzyme Assays for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity / chapter 10 ATP-TOX System — A Review / chapter 11 Luminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants / chapter 12 Stress-Responsive Luminous Bacteria for Toxicity and Genotoxicity Monitoring / chapter 13 Microtox * Toxicity Test Systems — Where They Stand Today / chapter 14 Microtox® Toxicity Test System — New Developments and Applications / chapter 15 Measurement of Microbial Exoenzyme Activity in Sediments for Environmental Impact Assessment / chapter 16 Small-Scale In Vitro Genotoxicity Tests for Bacteria and Invertebrates / part, 1_4 Algae and Microalgae -- chapter 17 Recent Advances in Toxicity Test Methods Using Kelp Gametophytes / chapter 18 Microplate Toxicity Tests with Microalgae: A Review / chapter 19 Ecophysiological Considerations in Microalgal Toxicity Tests / chapter 20 Development and First Validation of a “Stock-Culture Free” Algal Microbiotest:The Algaltoxkit / part, 2_5 Protozoa -- chapter 21 Ciliated Protozoa as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessments / chapter 22 Development of a Protozoan Chemoattraction Inhibition Assay for Evaluating Toxicity of Aquatic Pollutants / chapter 23 Ciliate Microbiotest Applications: Metal Contaminants in Water and Soil / part, 2_6 Invertebrates -- chapter 24 Utility and Practical Considerations for In Vitro Developmental Toxicity Testing: Hydra and FETAX Assays / chapter 25 Microscale Bioassays for Corals / chapter 26 The Use of Larvae and Small Species of Polychaetes in Marine Toxicological Testing / chapter 27 Development of a Canadian Marine Toxicity Test for Whole Sediments Using Cultured Spionid Polychaetes / chapter 28 Microscale Toxicity Testing With Rotifers / chapter 29 Recent Advances in Microscale Toxicity Testing with Marine Mollusks / chapter 30 Development and Validation of Toxkit Microbiotests with Invertebrates, in Particular Crustaceans / chapter 31 Death by Mud: Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests / chapter 32 Physiological Dysfunction in Estuarine Mysids and Larval Decapods with Chronic Pesticide Exposure / part, 2_7 Teleosts and Amphibians -- chapter 33 Aquatic Testing with Early Life Stages of Killifish / chapter 34 Genotoxicity in Fish Embryos / chapter 35 Genotoxicity Tests in Amphibians — A Review / part, 2_8 Multitrophic Assessment in Practice -- chapter 36 Marine and Estuarine Porewater Toxicity Testing / chapter 37 Correspondence of a Microscale Toxicity Test to Responses to Toxicants in Natural Systems / chapter 38 Role of Microbiotests in Contaminated Sediment Assessment Batteries / part, 3 Validation, Applications, and Training with Microscale Testing -- chapter 39 The Influence of Particle Size, Ammonia, and Sulfide on Toxicity of Dredged Materials for Ocean Disposal / chapter 40 Oil Spill Treating Agents: Present Knowledge and Toxicity Testing Needs / chapter 41 The Development, Validation, and Analysis of Salmonella Mutagenicity Test Methods for Environmental Situations / chapter 42 Investigating the Sources and Fate of Genotoxic Substances in Aquatic Ecosystems with the SOS Chromotest / chapter 43 The Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Regulatory Purposes / part, 4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- chapter 44 Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Conclusions and Future Directions…”