“…The EU is now considering a regulatory approach to further reduce average vehicle emissions, in the form of CO2 emission or fuel economy standards. …”

“…The quantity and quality of resources available to schools improved significantly between 2003 and 2012, on average across OECD countries. Greater financial investments in education provided schools with better teaching staff, instructional materials and physical infrastructure. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Benndorf Declustering weights as a measure of average sample spacing, applications in mineral resource classification D.E. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Summary -- References -- Chapter 11: Phase-Averaging Wave Propagation Array Models -- 11.1. Introduction and Fundamental Principles -- 11.2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.8.4.2 A brief outlook on further developments in the literature -- 7.9 Some general further reading -- 7.10 Some general challenges -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 8 Decision making -- 8.1 Non-sequential decision problems -- 8.1.1 Choosing from a set of gambles -- 8.1.2 Choice functions for coherent lower previsions -- 8.2 Sequential decision problems -- 8.2.1 Static sequential solutions: Normal form -- 8.2.2 Dynamic sequential solutions: Extensive form -- 8.3 Examples and applications -- 8.3.1 Ellsberg's paradox -- 8.3.2 Robust Bayesian statistics -- Chapter 9 Probabilistic graphical models -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Credal sets -- 9.2.1 Definition and relation with lower previsions -- 9.2.2 Marginalization and conditioning -- 9.2.3 Composition -- 9.3 Independence -- 9.4 Credal networks -- 9.4.1 Nonseparately specified credal networks -- 9.5 Computing with credal networks -- 9.5.1 Credal networks updating -- 9.5.2 Modelling and updating with missing data -- 9.5.3 Algorithms for credal networks updating -- 9.5.4 Inference on credal networks as a multilinear programming task -- 9.6 Further reading -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 10 Classification -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Naive Bayes -- 10.2.1 Derivation of naive Bayes -- 10.3 Naive credal classifier (NCC) -- 10.3.1 Checking Credal-dominance -- 10.3.2 Particular behaviours of NCC -- 10.3.3 NCC2: Conservative treatment of missing data -- 10.4 Extensions and developments of the naive credal classifier -- 10.4.1 Lazy naive credal classifier -- 10.4.2 Credal model averaging -- 10.4.3 Profile-likelihood classifiers -- 10.4.4 Tree-augmented networks (TAN) -- 10.5 Tree-based credal classifiers -- 10.5.1 Uncertainty measures on credal sets: The maximum entropy function -- 10.5.2 Obtaining conditional probability intervals with the imprecise Dirichlet model -- 10.5.3 Classification procedure…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…5.3.1.a Testing a Hypothesis About a Coefficient -- 5.3.1.b The F Statistic -- 5.3.2 Tests Based on the Fit of the Regression -- 5.3.2.a The Restricted Least Squares Estimator -- 5.3.2.b The Loss of Fit from Restricted Least Squares -- 5.3.2.c Testing the Significance of the Regression -- 5.3.2.d Solving Out the Restrictions and a Caution about R2 -- 5.3.3 Lagrange Multiplier Tests -- 5.4 Large-Sample Tests and Robust Inference -- 5.5 Testing Nonlinear Restrictions -- 5.6 Choosing Between Nonnested Models -- 5.6.1 Testing Nonnested Hypotheses -- 5.6.2 An Encompassing Model -- 5.6.3 Comprehensive Approach-The J Test -- 5.7 A Specification Test -- 5.8 Model Building-A General to Simple Strategy -- 5.8.1 Model Selection Criteria -- 5.8.2 Model Selection -- 5.8.3 Classical Model Selection -- 5.8.4 Bayesian Model Averaging -- 5.9 Summary and Conclusions -- CHAPTER 6 Functional Form, Difference in Differences, and Structural Change -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Using Binary Variables -- 6.2.1 Binary Variables in Regression -- 6.2.2 Several Categories -- 6.2.3 Modeling Individual Heterogeneity -- 6.2.4 Sets of Categories -- 6.2.5 Threshold Effects and Categorical Variables -- 6.2.6 Transition Tables -- 6.3 Difference in Differences Regression -- 6.3.1 Treatment Effects -- 6.3.2 Examining the Effects of Discrete Policy Changes -- 6.4 Using Regression Kinks and Discontinuities to Analyze Social Policy -- 6.4.1 Regression Kinked Design -- 6.4.2 Regression Discontinuity Design -- 6.5 Nonlinearity in the Variables -- 6.5.1 Functional Forms -- 6.5.2 Interaction Effects -- 6.5.3 Identifying Nonlinearity -- 6.5.4 Intrinsically Linear Models -- 6.6 Structural Break and Parameter Variation -- 6.6.1 Different Parameter Vectors -- 6.6.2 Robust Tests of Structural Break with Unequal Variances -- 6.6.3 Pooling Regressions -- 6.7 Summary And Conclusions…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Aggregating your data -- 15.1 Aggregating data with Spark -- 15.1.1 A quick reminder on aggregations -- 15.1.2 Performing basic aggregations with Spark -- Performing an aggregation using the dataframe API -- Performing an aggregation using Spark SQL -- 15.2 Performing aggregations with live data -- 15.2.1 Preparing your dataset -- 15.2.2 Aggregating data to better understand the schools -- What is the average enrollment for each school? -- What is the evolution of the number of students? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 5 - Communication and Data Management in Industry 4.0 -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Industry 4.0 Communication and Data Requirements -- 5.3 Industrial Wireless Network Architectures -- 5.4 Data Management in Industrial Environments -- 5.5 Hierarchical Communication and Data Management Architecture for Industry 4.0 -- 5.5.1 Heterogeneous Industrial Wireless Network -- 5.5.2 Hierarchical Management -- 5.5.2.1 Hierarchical communications -- 5.5.2.2 Data management -- 5.5.3 Multi-tier Organization -- 5.5.4 Architectural Enablers: Virtualization and Softwarization -- 5.5.4.1 RAN slicing -- 5.5.4.2 Cloudification of the RAN -- 5.6 Hybrid Communication Management -- 5.7 Decentralized Data Distribution -- 5.7.1 Average Data Access Latency Guarantees -- 5.7.2 Maximum Data Access Latency Guarantees -- 5.7.3 Dynamic Path Reconfigurations -- 5.8 Communications and Data Management within the AUTOWARE Framework -- 5.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 - A Framework for Flexible and Programmable Data Analytics in Industrial Environments -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Requirements for Industrial-scale Data Analytics -- 6.3 Distributed Data Analytics Architecture -- 6.3.1 Data Routing and Preprocessing -- 6.3.2 Edge Analytics Engine -- 6.3.3 Distributed Ledger -- 6.3.4 Distributed Analytics Engine (DA-Engine) -- 6.3.5 Open API for Analytics -- 6.4 Edge Analytics Engine -- 6.4.1 EA-Engine Processors and Programmability -- 6.4.2 EA-Engine Operation -- 6.4.3 Configuring Analytics Workflows -- 6.4.4 Extending the Processing Capabilities of the EA-Engine -- 6.4.5 EA-Engine Configuration and Runtime Example -- 6.5 Distributed Ledger and Data Analytics Engine -- 6.5.1 Global Factory-wide Analytics and the DA-Engine -- 6.5.2 Distributed Ledger Services in the FAR-EDGE Platform -- 6.5.3 Distributed Ledger Services and DA-Engine…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2.3 Tabulation of Data -- 2.4 Frequency Distribution -- 2.4.1 Simple Frequency Distribution -- 2.4.2 Grouped Frequency Distribution -- 2.4.2.1 Solved Examples -- 2.5 Cumulative Frequency Table -- 2.5.1 Less Than Cumulative Frequency Table -- 2.5.2 More Than Cumulative Frequency Table -- 2.6 Measures of Central Tendency -- 2.7 Arithmetic Mean -- 2.7.1 Simple Arithmetic Average -- 2.7.1.1 Shortcut Method (Method of Deviations) -- 2.7.2 Weighted Arithmetic Mean -- 2.7.2.1 Combined Arithmetic Mean -- 2.7.2.1.1 Solved Examples -- 2.7.3 Merits of Arithmetic Mean -- 2.7.4 Demerits of Arithmetic Mean -- 2.7.5 Properties of Mean -- 2.7.5.1 Solved Examples -- 2.7.6 Statistical Applications to Transportation Engineering -- 2.8 Median -- 2.8.1 Merits of Median -- 2.8.2 Demerits of Median -- 2.8.2.1 Solved Examples -- 2.9 Mode -- 2.9.1 Merits of Mode -- 2.9.2 Demerits of Mode -- 2.9.2.1 Solved Examples -- 2.10 Geometric Mean -- 2.10.1 Merits of Geometric Mean -- 2.10.2 Demerits of Geometric Mean -- 2.10.2.1 Solved Examples -- 2.11 Harmonic Mean -- 2.11.1 Merits of Harmonic Mean -- 2.11.2 Demerits of Harmonic Mean -- 2.11.3 Relation Between AM, GM, and HM -- 2.11.3.1 Solved Examples -- 2.12 Partition Values (Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles) -- 2.12.1 Quartiles -- 2.12.2 Deciles -- 2.12.3 Percentiles -- 2.13 Measures of Dispersion -- 2.13.1 Characteristics of an Ideal Measure of Dispersion -- 2.13.2 Types of Measures of Dispersion -- 2.14 Range -- 2.14.1 Coefficient of Range -- 2.14.2 Merits of Range -- 2.14.3 Demerits of Range -- 2.14.4 Uses of Range -- 2.15 Interquartile Range -- 2.16 Quartile Deviation -- 2.16.1 Coefficient of Quartile Deviation -- 2.16.1.1 Merits of Quartile Deviation -- 2.16.1.2 Demerits of Quartile Deviation -- 2.17 Mean Deviation -- 2.17.1 Coefficient of Mean Deviation -- 2.17.2 Merits of Mean Deviation…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…21.4 Amortized Performance and Average Performance -- 21.5 Two Principles: Reducing Overhead and Managing Memory -- 21.6 Performance Tip: Use Numerical Libraries When Applicable -- 21.7 Performance Tip: Delete Large Structures You Don't Need -- 21.8 Performance Tip: Use Built-In Functions When Possible -- 21.9 Performance Tip: Avoid Superfluous Function Calls -- 21.10 Performance Tip: Avoid Creating Large New Objects -- 21.11 Further Reading -- 21.12 Glossary -- Part III Specialized or Advanced Topics -- Chapter 22 Computer Memory and Data Structures -- 22.1 Virtual Memory, the Stack, and the Heap -- 22.2 Example C Program -- 22.3 Data Types and Arrays in Memory -- 22.4 Structs -- 22.5 Pointers, the Stack, and the Heap -- 22.6 Key Data Structures -- 22.7 Further Reading -- 22.8 Glossary -- Chapter 23 Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Optimization -- 23.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation -- 23.2 A Simple Example: Fitting a Line -- 23.3 Another Example: Logistic Regression -- 23.4 Optimization -- 23.5 Gradient Descent and Convex Optimization -- 23.6 Convex Optimization -- 23.7 Stochastic Gradient Descent -- 23.8 Further Reading -- 23.9 Glossary -- Chapter 24 Advanced Classifiers -- 24.1 A Note on Libraries -- 24.2 Basic Deep Learning -- 24.3 Convolutional Neural Networks -- 24.4 Different Types of Layers. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editor and Contributors -- Chapter 1: Overview -- Chapter 2: Economic Reforms and Performance of Indian Economy -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Economic Policy Framework and Economic Reforms in India -- 2.2.1 Economic Policy Framework: Theoretical Issues -- 2.2.2 Economic Policies During the Pre-Reform Period -- 2.3 Structural Adjustment Reforms in India -- 2.4 Performance of Indian Economy -- 2.4.1 Economic Growth -- 2.4.2 Structural Change -- 2.4.3 Savings and Investment -- 2.4.4 Inflation -- 2.4.5 External Sector -- 2.4.6 Employment -- 2.4.7 Unemployment -- 2.4.8 Poverty -- 2.5 The Emerging Issues of the Economy -- 2.5.1 Agriculture -- 2.5.2 Backwardness of Rural Areas -- 2.5.3 Infrastructure -- 2.5.4 Education, Health and Public Services -- 2.5.5 External Sector -- 2.5.6 Unemployment -- 2.5.7 Poverty -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Global Economic Crisis and Indian Economy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Global Financial and Economic Crisis -- 3.3 The Impact of Global Crisis on Indian Economy -- 3.3.1 Macro Economy -- 3.4 Industry -- 3.5 External Sector -- 3.6 Crude Oil Prices -- 3.7 Stock Market -- 3.8 Policy Measures and Revival of Indian Economy -- 3.8.1 Policy Measures -- 3.8.2 Revival -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Demographic Changes in India -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Population Size and Growth -- 4.3 Sex Ratio -- 4.4 Population Density -- 4.5 Average Household Size -- 4.6 Urbanization -- 4.7 Literacy and Employment -- 4.8 Mortality and Life Expectancy -- 4.9 Fertility -- 4.10 Age Structure -- 4.11 Religious Composition -- 4.12 Household Assets -- Chapter 5: Trends and Patterns of Employment in India -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Concepts and Defi nitions (NSSO) -- 5.2.1 Definitions Used in the Study…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.4.4 Incompressible Two-Dimensional Equations: Dimensionless Form -- 7.4.5 Observations on the Basic Equations -- 7.5 Boundary Conditions for Navier-Stokes Equations -- 7.6 Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations -- 7.7 Boundary-layer, Thin-layer and Associated Approximations -- 7.8 Euler Equations for Inviscid Flows -- 7.8.1 Certain Observations on Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations -- 7.9 Boundary Conditions for Euler Equations -- 7.9.1 Far-field Boundary Conditions for Euler Equations -- 7.10 The Full Potential Equation -- 7.10.1 Potential Equation in Conservative Form -- 7.10.2 Boundary Conditions for the Full Potential Equation -- 7.10.3 Transonic Small Perturbation Model -- 7.10.4 Oswatitsch Reduction -- 7.10.5 Cole's and Other Forms of the TSP Equation -- 7.11 Inviscid Incompressible Irrotational Flow -- 7.12 Summary -- 7.13 Key Terms -- Chapter 8: Grid Generation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Co-ordinate Transformation -- 8.3 Differential Equation Methods -- 8.4 Algebraic Methods -- 8.4.1 Calculation of the Arc Length -- 8.4.2 Desired Arc Length Distribution -- 8.4.3 Calculation of the Angle θ on the Aerofoil and Cut -- 8.4.4 Calculation of ymin and nmax -- 8.4.5 Δn - Distribution on the Aerofoil and the Cut -- 8.4.6 Mesh Spacing in n-Direction -- 8.4.7 Calculation of x and y at Nodal Points -- 8.4.8 Cubic Spline -- 8.5 Transfinite Interpolation Methods -- 8.6 Unstructured Grid Generation -- 8.7 Mesh Adaptation -- 8.7.1 Moving Mesh -- 8.7.2 Mesh Enrichment -- 8.8 Summary -- 8.9 Key Terms -- 8.10 Exercise 8 -- Chapter 9: Inviscid Incompressible Flow -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Potential Flow Problem -- 9.3 Panel Methods -- 9.3.1 AMO Smith Method for a Lifting Airfoil -- 9.3.2 Influence Coefficients -- 9.4 Panel Methods (Continued) -- 9.4.1 Mathematical Preliminaries for Morino-Kuo Method -- 9.4.2 Flow Past an Aerofoil…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…K Example of a Cross Section Calculation -- K.1 The spin-averaged squared matrix element -- K.2 Evaluation of two-body Lorentz-invariant phase space in 'laboratory' variables -- L Feynman Rules for Tree Graphs in QED -- L.1 External particles -- L.2 Propagators -- L.3 Vertices -- References -- Index -- Volume 2 -- Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- Preface -- V Non-Abelian Symmetries -- 12 Global Non-Abelian Symmetries -- 12.1 The Standard Model -- 12.2 The flavour symmetry SU(2)f -- 12.2.1 The nucleon isospin doublet and the group SU(2) -- 12.2.2 Larger (higher-dimensional) multiplets of SU(2) in nuclear physics -- 12.2.3 Isospin in particle physics: flavour SU(2)f -- 12.3 Flavour SU(3)f -- 12.4 Non-Abelian global symmetries in Lagrangian quantum field theory -- 12.4.1 SU(2)f and SU(3)f -- 12.4.2 Chiral symmetry -- Problems -- 13 Local Non-Abelian (Gauge) Symmetries -- 13.1 Local SU(2) symmetry -- 13.1.1 The covariant derivative and interactions with matter -- 13.1.2 The non-Abelian field strength tensor -- 13.2 Local SU(3) Symmetry -- 13.3 Local non-Abelian symmetries in Lagrangian quantum field theory -- 13.3.1 Local SU(2) and SU(3) Lagrangians -- 13.3.2 Gauge field self-interactions -- 13.3.3 Quantizing non-Abelian gauge fields -- Problems -- VI QCD and the Renormalization Group -- 14 QCD I: Introduction, Tree Graph Predictions, and Jets -- 14.1 The colour degree of freedom -- 14.2 The dynamics of colour -- 14.2.1 Colour as an SU(3) group -- 14.2.2 Global SU(3)c invariance, and 'scalar gluons' -- 14.2.3 Local SU(3)c invariance: the QCD Lagrangian -- 14.2.4 The θ-term -- 14.3 Hard scattering processes, QCD tree graphs, and jets -- 14.3.1 Introduction -- 14.3.2 Two-jet events in p̅p collisions -- 14.3.3 Three-jet events in p̅p collisions -- 14.4 3-jet events in e+e− annihilation…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 1.2 Categories of Experiments -- 1.3 Some Prototypical Games -- 1.3.1 Individual Decisions -- 1.3.2 Simple Strategic Games -- 1.3.3 Games Involving Competition: Markets and Auctions -- 1.4 Established Good Practices for Conducting BOM Laboratory -- 1.4.1 Effective Experimental Design -- 1.4.2 Context -- 1.4.3 Subject Pool -- 1.5 Incentives -- 1.6 Deception -- 1.7 Collecting Additional Information -- 1.8 Infrastructure and Logistics -- References -- Chapter 2 Econometrics for Experiments -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Interaction Between Experimental Design and Econometrics -- 2.2.1 The Average Treatment Effect -- 2.2.2 How to Achieve Randomization -- 2.2.3 Power Analysis -- 2.3 Testing Theory and Other Hypotheses: Classical Hypothesis Testing -- 2.3.1 Tests on Continuous Response Data -- 2.3.1.1 Parametric Tests -- 2.3.1.2 Nonparametric Tests -- 2.3.1.3 Testing for Trends -- 2.3.1.4 Bootstrap and Permutation Tests -- 2.3.1.5 An Illustration from Davis et al. (2011) -- 2.3.1.6 When to Use Nonparametric Tests -- 2.3.2 Tests on Discrete Response Data -- 2.4 Testing Theory and Other Hypotheses: Regression Analysis -- 2.4.1 Ordinary Least Squares: An Example from Davis et al. (2011) -- 2.4.2 Panel Data Methods -- 2.4.2.1 Dynamic Panel Data Models: The Example of Demand Chasing -- 2.4.3 Limited Dependent Variable Models -- 2.4.3.1 Binary Response Data -- 2.4.3.2 Censored Data -- 2.4.3.3 Other Data -- 2.5 Dependence of Observations -- 2.5.1 A "Conservative" Approach -- 2.5.2 Using Regressions to Address Dependence -- 2.5.2.1 Higher Level Clustering -- 2.5.2.2 How Many Clusters -- 2.6 Subject Heterogeneity…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2.10 Other Doubly Connected Areas on a Half‐Space -- 2.11 Problems with Source Plane Conductance -- 2.11.1 Isoflux Heat Source on a Convectively Cooled Half‐Space -- 2.11.2 Effect of Source Contact Conductance on Spreading Resistance -- 2.12 Circular Area on Single Layer (Coating) on Half‐Space -- 2.12.1 Equivalent Isothermal Circular Contact -- 2.12.2 Isoflux Circular Contact -- 2.12.3 Isoflux, Equivalent Isothermal, and Isothermal Solutions -- 2.12.3.1 Isoflux Contact Area -- 2.12.3.2 Equivalent Isothermal Contact Area -- 2.12.3.3 Isothermal Contact Area -- 2.13 Thermal Spreading Resistance Zone: Elliptical Heat Source -- 2.14 Temperature Rise of Multiple Isoflux Sources -- 2.14.1 Two Coplanar Isoflux Circular Sources -- 2.15 Temperature Rise in an Arbitrary Area -- 2.15.1 Temperature Rise at Arbitrary Point -- 2.15.2 Average Temperature Rise -- 2.16 Superposition of Isoflux Circular Heat Sources -- 2.16.1 Nine Coplanar Circles on Square Cluster -- 2.16.2 Five Coplanar Circles on Square Cluster -- 2.16.3 Four Coplanar Circles on Triangular Cluster -- 2.17 Superposition of Micro‐ and Macro‐Spreading Resistances -- References -- Chapter 3 Circular Flux Tubes and Disks -- 3.1 Semi‐Infinite Flux Tube -- 3.1.1 Isothermal Source on a Flux Tube -- 3.2 Finite Disk with Sink Plane Conductance -- 3.2.1 Distributed Heat Flux over Source Area -- 3.3 Compound Disk -- 3.3.1 Special Limits in the Compound Disk Solution -- 3.4 Multilayered Disks -- 3.5 Flux Tube with Circular Annular Heat Source -- 3.6 Flux Tubes and Disks with Edge Conductance -- 3.7 Spreading Resistance for an Eccentric Source on a Flux Tube -- 3.8 Thermal Spreading with Variable Conductivity Near the Contact Surface -- 3.9 Effect of Surface Curvature on Thermal Spreading Resistance in a Flux Tube -- References -- Chapter 4 Rectangular Flux Channels…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…9.2.3 Explicitly filtered LES and the grid convergence issue -- 9.3 Implicit coupling between numerics and explicit subgrid models -- 9.3.1 Statement of the problem -- 9.3.2 A first analysis via Taylor expansions -- 9.3.3 Static and dynamic analysis -- 9.3.4 Observations in nonhomogeneous flows -- 9.3.4.1 Plane channel flow case -- 9.3.4.2 Circular cylinder case -- 9.4 LES numerics: beyond order of accuracy -- 9.4.1 Statement of the problem -- 9.4.2 Structure-preserving schemes for LES -- 9.4.3 Extension to LES of compressible flows -- 9.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- 10 Numerical approximations formulated as LES models -- 10.1 Coarse grained simulations -- 10.1.1 Introduction -- 10.1.2 Low-pass filtered and finite-volume discretized Navier-Stokes equations -- 10.1.3 Modified equation analysis of subgrid scale modeling -- 10.1.3.1 Finite scale Navier-Stokes -- 10.1.3.2 Spatial filtering and ensemble averaging -- 10.2 Turbulence Reynolds number and mixing transition -- 10.2.1 Effective kinematic viscosity -- 10.3 Compressible numerical hydrodynamics -- 10.3.1 Riemann solvers -- 10.3.2 Low-Ma correction -- 10.3.3 Modified equation analysis -- 10.4 Case studies -- 10.4.1 Taylor-Green vortex -- 10.4.1.1 Impact of numerical scheme on quantities of interest -- 10.4.1.2 Numerical Reynolds number -- 10.4.2 Accelerated interface Rayleigh-Taylor driven mixing -- 10.4.2.1 Impact of numerical scheme on quantities of interest -- 10.4.2.2 Numerical Reynolds number -- 10.5 Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Numerical treatment of incompressible turbulent flow -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Numerical challenge -- 11.1.2 Short history of energy-preserving discretization -- 11.1.3 Turbulence modeling -- 11.2 Flow equations -- 11.3 Energy-preserving discretization -- 11.3.1 Finite-volume -- 11.3.2 Evolution of energy…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2.4 Calculation of extraterrestrial radiation -- 2.5 Calculation of terrestrial radiation -- 2.5.1 Measurement of terrestrial radiation -- 2.5.2 Terrestrial radiations databases -- 2.5.3 Terrestrial irradiation estimation from correlation -- 2.6 Calculation of beam and diffuse radiation on horizontal plane -- 2.6.1 The monthly average daily clearness index -- 2.6.2 The hourly clearness index -- 2.6.3 The daily clearness index -- Hourly total irradiation from daily irradiation on horizontal -- Hourly diffuse irradiations from daily diffuse irradiation on horizontal -- 2.7 Radiations on a tilted plane -- 2.7.1 Calculation of radiations on a tilted plane -- 2.7.2 Models for calculation of radiations on a tilted plane -- Liu and Jordan model (iso, γ=0, I) (Liu &amp -- Jordan, 1960) -- Liu and Jordan model (iso, γ=0, H) (Liu &amp -- Jordan, 1960) -- Hay, Davies, Klucher and Reindl model (HDKR model) (iso+cs+hz, γ=0, I) (Yadav &amp -- Chandel, 2013) -- 2.8 Solar power conversion -- 2.8.1 PV systems -- 2.8.2 Solar thermal power production -- 2.8.3 Installations of PV modules or thermal collectors -- 2.8.4 Fixed type PV installations with an optimum tilt angle -- 2.9 Solar tracking technology -- 2.9.1 Classification of solar tracking -- 2.9.2 Closed loop tracking system -- 2.9.3 Open loop tracking system -- 2.9.4 Passive solar trackers -- 2.9.5 Single axis tracking -- 2.9.6 Double axis tracking -- 2.10 Worked out problems -- References -- 3 - Heat exchanger for solar thermal energy -- 3.1 Basic concept of heat exchanger -- 3.1.1 Concept and definition -- 3.1.2 Classification of heat exchangers -- Classification based on transfer processes -- Classification based on physical construction -- Classification based on flow arrangement -- Compact heat exchanger -- Heat exchangers coupled with solar thermal technology…”

“…The 2022 State of Finance Training provides a detailed view of training in finance, sharing metrics such as learning expenditure and the average number of hours employees use on learning annually…”

“…Le quattro parti del volume suggeriscono la logica aperta e dinamica che ha guidato la ricerca: si tratta di costruire la sinodalità; di riconfigurare ministeri, carismi, servizi; di creare consenso; di sinodalizzare le istituzioni. …”

“…Despite the rise in recent decades in the average income level, economic insecurity has also increased. …”