Tabla de Contenidos: “…17.1 Introduction 329 -- 17.2 Carrier CDNs 331 -- 17.3 Managed CDNs 332 -- 17.4 Federated CDNs 333 -- 17.5 Licensed CDNs 335 -- 17.6 Case Study: CoBlitz 337 -- 17.7 CoBlitz Commercialization 343 -- 17.8 Implications of HTTP Adaptive Streaming 345 -- 17.9 CoBlitz Commercialization Lessons 347 -- 17.10 CDN Industry Directions 348 -- Acknowledgments 349 -- References 349 -- 18 CONTENT DELIVERY IN CHINA: A ChinaCache PERSPECTIVE 353 /Michael Talyansky, Alexei Tumarkin, Hunter Xu, and Ken Zhang -- 18.1 Introduction 353 -- 18.2 Content-Aware Network Services in China 356 -- 18.3 Directions for Future CDN Research and Trends in China 365 -- 18.4 Conclusion 366 -- References 366 -- 19 PlatonTV: A SCIENTIFIC HIGH DEFINITION CONTENT DELIVERY PLATFORM 369 /Mirosław Czyrnek, Jedrzej Jajor, Jerzy Jamrozy, Ewa Kusmierek, Cezary Mazurek, Maciej Stroinski, and Jan Weglarz -- 19.1 Introduction 369 -- 19.2 Background and Related Work 371 -- 19.3 PlatonTV Architecture 372 -- 19.4 Content Ingest 374 -- 19.5 Content Distribution and Management 376 -- 19.6 Content Delivery 379 -- 19.7 Availability and Reliability 381 -- 19.8 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 382 -- 19.9 Future Research Directions 383 -- 19.10 Conclusion 383 -- Acknowledgments 383 -- References 384 -- 20 CacheCast: A SINGLE-SOURCE MULTIPLE-DESTINATION CACHING MECHANISM 385 /Piotr Srebrny, Dag H.L. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Elementos esenciales -- 3.4.3. Concurrencia y coexistencia de contratos -- 3.4.4. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…PRODUCCIÓN DE TIC EN LATINOAMÉRICA -- 3.4.3. CONCLUSIONES SOBRE LATINOAMÉRICA -- 3.5. TIC EN ARGENTINA -- 3.5.1. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Key concepts -- 2.1 Standards organizations and standards -- 2.1.1 CIM/WEB management model -- 2.2 Storage Networking Industry Association -- 2.2.1 The SNIA Shared Storage Model -- 2.2.2 SMI Specification -- 2.2.3 Integrating existing devices into the CIM model -- 2.2.4 CIM Agent implementation -- 2.2.5 CIM Object Manager -- 2.3 Common Information Model (CIM) -- 2.3.1 How the CIM Agent works -- 2.4 Service Location Protocol (SLP) -- 2.4.1 SLP architecture -- 2.4.2 SLP service agent -- 2.4.3 SLP user agent -- 2.4.4 SLP directory agent -- 2.4.5 Why use an SLP DA? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Front Cover -- Thermofluid Modeling for Energy Efficiency Applications -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Earth Pipe Cooling with Horizontal Piping System -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Earth Pipe Cooling Technology -- 1.3 Green Roof System -- 1.4 Experimental Design and Measurement -- 1.5 Model Description -- 1.5.1 Modeling Equation -- 1.5.2 Geometry of the Model -- 1.5.3 Mesh Generation -- 1.5.4 Solver Approach -- 1.6 Results and Discussion -- 1.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Thermal Efficiency Modeling in a Subtropical Data Center -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 CFD Modeling of Data Center -- 2.2.1 Simulation Approach -- 2.2.2 Modeling Equations -- 2.3 Data Center Description -- 2.4 Results and Discussion -- 2.4.1 Experimental -- 2.4.2 Simulations Results -- 2.4.2.1 Data Center Room and Rack Thermal Maps -- 2.4.2.2 Static Pressure Map -- 2.4.2.3 Air Flow Paths -- 2.5 CRAC Performance -- 2.6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Nomenclature -- References -- 3 Natural Convection Heat Transfer in the Partitioned Attic Space -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Problem Formulation -- 3.3 Numerical Approach and Validation -- 3.4 Results and Discussions -- 3.4.1 Development of Coupled Thermal Boundary Layer -- 3.4.2 Effect of Geometry Configuration -- 3.4.3 Effect of Rayleigh Number -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Application of Nanofluid in Heat Exchangers for Energy Savings -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Nanoparticles and Nanofluid Preparation -- 4.3 Application of Nanofluid in Heat Exchangers -- 4.4 Physical Model and Boundary Values -- 4.5 Governing Equations -- 4.6 Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis -- 4.7 Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluid -- 4.7.1 Thermal Conductivity -- 4.7.2 Dynamic Viscosity -- 4.7.3 Density -- 4.7.4 Specific Heat -- 4.8 Numerical Method…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 WIND ENERGY BACKGROUND -- 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK -- 1.2.1 Who Should Use This Book -- 1.2.2 Note for Instructors -- 1.2.3 Datasets Used in the Book -- Part I: Wind Field Analysis -- Chapter 2: A Single Time Series Model -- 2.1 TIME SCALE IN SHORT- TERM FORECASTING -- 2.2 SIMPLE FORECASTING MODELS -- 2.2.1 Forecasting Based on Persistence Model -- 2.2.2 Weibull Distribution -- 2.2.3 Estimation of Parameters in Weibull Distribution -- 2.2.4 Goodness of Fit -- 2.2.5 Forecasting Based on Weibull Distribution -- 2.3 DATA TRANSFORMATION AND STANDARDIZATION -- 2.4 AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE MODELS -- 2.4.1 Parameter Estimation -- 2.4.2 Decide Model Order -- 2.4.3 Model Diagnostics -- 2.4.4 Forecasting Based on ARMA Model -- 2.5 OTHER METHODS -- 2.5.1 Kalman Filter -- 2.5.2 Support Vector Machine -- 2.5.3 Artificial Neural Network -- 2.6 PERFORMANCE METRICS -- 2.7 COMPARING WIND FORECASTING METHODS -- Chapter 3: Spatio temporal Models -- 3.1 COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS AND KRIGING -- 3.1.1 Properties of Covariance Functions -- 3.1.2 Power Exponential Covariance Function -- 3.1.3 Kriging -- 3.2 SPATIO-TEMPORAL AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS -- 3.2.1 Gaussian Spatio-temporal Autoregressive Model -- 3.2.2 Informative Neighborhood -- 3.2.3 Forecasting and Comparison -- 3.3 SPATIO-TEMPORAL ASYMMETRY AND SEPARABILITY -- 3.3.1 Definition and Quantification -- 3.3.2 Asymmetry of Local Wind Field -- 3.3.3 Asymmetry Quantification -- 3.3.4 Asymmetry and Wake Effect -- 3.4 ASYMMETRIC SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELS -- 3.4.1 Asymmetric Non-separable Spatio-temporal Model -- 3.4.2 Separable Spatio-temporal Models -- 3.4.3 Forecasting Using Spatio-temporal Model -- 3.4.4 Hybrid of Asymmetric Model and SVM -- 3.5 CASE STUDY…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…CHAPTER 1 OPTICAL FIBER AND OPTICAL DEVICES; 1.1 Optical Fiber; 1.2 Light Source; 1.2.1 Semiconductor Laser; 1.2.2 Optical Fiber Laser; 1.3 Optical Amplifier; 1.3.1 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier; 1.3.2 Semiconductor Optical Amplifier; 1.4 Detector; 1.5 Optical Fiber Passive Device; 1.5.1 Optical Fiber Coupler; 1.5.2 Optical Fiber Isolator; 1.5.3 Optical Fiber Circulator; 1.5.4 Optical Fiber Polarizer; 1.5.5 Optical Fiber Switcher; 1.6 Optical Fiber Modulator; ; CHAPTER 2 OPTICAL FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 2.1 Principle of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing; 2.2 Photosensitivity of Ge-Doped Fiber; 2.3 Fabrication of Fiber Bragg Grating; 2.4 Package Design for Strain and Temperature Sensing; 2.4.1 Package Design for Strain Sensing; 2.4.2 Package Design for Temperature Sensing; 2.4.3 Performance Evaluation Under Cryogenic Temperature; 2.5 Demodulation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing for Space Application; 2.5.1 Demodulation Theory of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing; 2.5.2 Demodulation Instrument Development; 2.5.3 Effect of Environment Temperature Variation; ; CHAPTER 3 EXTRINSIC-FABRY-PEROT-INTERFEROMETER-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 3.1 Principle of Fabry-Perot Interferometer; 3.2 Fabry-Perot Interferometer Based Optical Fiber Sensor Structure; 3.3 Silicon-Diaphragm Optical Fiber Sensor; 3.3.1 Silicon-Diaphragm Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor; 3.3.2 Silicon-Diaphragm Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor; 3.3.3 Non-Intrusive Optical Fiber Sensor Head Chip Inspection Method; 3.4 Polarization Low Coherence Interference Demodulation for Pressure Sensing; 3.4.1 Demodulation Theory; 3.4.2 Demodulation Instrument; 3.4.3 Demodulation Algorithm; 3.4.4 Low Coherence Interference Multiplexing; 3.5 Application; 3.5.1 Optical Fiber Pressure Sensing in Ocean Application; 3.5.2 Optical Fiber Pressure Sensing in Aviation Application; ; CHAPTER 4 EXTRINSIC-FABRY-PEROT-INTERFEROMETER-BASED OPTICAL FIBER ACOUSTIC SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 4.1 Polymer-Diaphragm; 4.2 Senor Design and Parameters Optimization; 4.3 Demodulation; 4.3.1 Quadrature Phase Demodulation Theory; 4.3.2 Dual-Laser Quadrature Phase Demodulation Instrument; 4.3.3 Phase-Shifting Demodulation Instrument Using Birefringence Crystals; 4.4 Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing in Space Application; ; CHAPTER 5 EXTRINSIC-FABRY-PEROT-INTERFEROMETER-BASED OPTICAL FIBER HIGH TEMPERATURE SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 5.1 Sapphire Material Characteristic and Solid Cavity; 5.2 Sensor Design and Parameters Optimization; 5.3 Spectrum Demodulation Theory; 5.4 Spectrum Demodulation Instrument; 5.5 Optical Fiber High Temperature Sensing in Aviation Application; ; CHAPTER 6 ASSEMBLE FREE MICRO-INTERFEROMETER?…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Motivation xviii About the Authors xxv 1 Globalization: Economies in Collision 1 Motivation 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Trend and Challenges in Global Finance 5 1.2.1 Global Finance and the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis 5 1.2.2 Geopolitics and Finance or Geo-Finance 7 1.2.3 Population Growth 9 1.2.4 Geo-Finance and Gating 9 1.2.5 Culture and Social Norms 10 1.2.6 Emerging Economies, Equalization, and Risks 11 1.2.7 Regulation and Politics 12 1.3 Global Finance and Trade in the Media and News 12 1.3.1 Taxing Foreign Returns When They Are Repatriated 12 1.3.2 Sovereign Gating and Protective Tariffs, Trade Defense 12 1.3.3 Global Insurance and Dependence 13 1.3.4 Finance and Politics 13 1.3.5 EU-US Regulation Risks in a Trans-Atlantic Market 13 1.3.6 Rare Earth and Strategic Trades 14 1.4 Global Risks 15 1.4.1 Factors Affecting Global Risks 15 1.4.2 Global Finance and Risk Theories 17 1.5 Global Finance and Swaps and Financial Products 18 1.6 Currencies and Liquidity 20 1.7 Foreign Exchange Regime and Markets, Global Payment, and Reserve Currency 23 1.7.1 Foreign Exchange Markets and Global Trade Currency 24 1.7.2 Exchange Rate Regimes 28 1.7.3 Foreign Exchange Reserve Currencies 29 1.7.4 Exchange Rate in Emerging Markets 30 1.8 Trade Incentives and Repressions 33 1.9 Historical Evolution 36 1.9.1 The Gold Standard System 36 1.9.2 The Bretton Woods Agreement 37 1.9.3 The Yuan Exchange Rate: An Example 38 1.10 Archaic and Modern Globalization: A Time Path 40 1.11 Discussions on Global Issues 44 References 46 2 Data, Measurements, and Global Finance 51 Motivation 51 2.1 Data and Models 51 2.1.1 National Accounts and Country-Specific Data 52 2.1.2 Financial Data 53 2.1.3 Corporate and Statistical Measurements 53 2.1.4 Big Data and Model-Less Finance 56 2.1.5 Technology and Financial Data 59 2.1.6 Transforming Data Management in Global Finance 60 2.2 Global Finance, Data Reduction, and Statistical Measurements 61 2.2.1 Moments 61 2.2.2 Skew and Kurtosis (Tails) 63 2.2.3 Outliers, Extreme Statistics, and Fat Tails 65 2.2.4 Extreme Risks 65 2.2.5 Time Series and Filtration 66 2.2.6 Dependence 67 2.2.7 Risk Exposure 75 2.3 Volatility and Implied Models Estimates 76 2.3.1 Simple Volatility Estimates 76 2.3.2 Implied Volatility 77 2.3.3 Moving Average and Autoregressive Moving Average Models 79 2.3.4 ARCH-GARCH Volatility Models 80 2.3.5 ARCH-GARCH Model: Empirical Evidence 82 2.4 Stochastic Models 86 2.4.1 The Constant Rate of Return Hypothesis 88 2.4.2 Autoregressive and Mean Reverting Models 90 2.5 Multivariate Probability Models 91 2.5.1 Bernoulli and Codependence: Qualitative Data 92 2.5.2 Multivariate Qualitative Data 93 2.5.3 Copulas and Multivariate Models 96 2.6 Statistical Data Reduction 100 2.7 Complexity: The Global Risk Finance Scourge 102 2.8 Discussion 103 References 104 3 Global Finance: Utility, Financial Consumption, and Asset Pricing 110 Motivation 110 3.1 Introduction: Financial Models and Pricing 110 3.1.1 The Walras-Arrow-Debreu Preference-Free Q Framework 111 3.1.2 Utility Finance 113 3.1.3 Utility Preferences and Pricing 114 3.2 Review: Elements of Utility and Risk 116 3.2.1 Utility and Risk Preferences 117 3.2.2 Selected Utility Functions 119 3.3 The Utility of Consumption and its Price 119 3.3.1 Example: The Financial Utility of Consumption 120 3.3.2 The Utility of Financial Consumption 121 3.4 The Capital Assets Pricing Model 123 3.4.1 Discussion 125 3.4.2 The Jensen Alpha Case: η = α−Rf 0 125 3.4.3 The Arbitrage Pricing Theory 126 3.4.4 The Capital Assets Pricing Model and Foreign Exchange 127 3.4.5 Pricing Foreign Exchange Rates and a Basket of Foreign Exchange Rates 128 3.4.6 Thought Experiment 130 3.4.7 Linear Regressions, Capital Assets Pricing Model, and Global Finance 130 3.5 Review of Elements of Arrow-Debreu and Q Pricing 131 3.5.1 Applications of the Arrow-Debreu Framework 134 3.5.2 Pricing a Foreign Bond and Foreign Exchange Rates 134 3.5.3 Global Investment Pricing: A Binomial Model 137 3.5.4 Global Investment Pricing: A Portfolio Problem 139 3.5.5 Foreign Exchange, Consumer Price Index, and Purchasing Power Parity 141 3.5.6 Relative Purchasing Power Parity 141 3.6 The Multiperiod Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model 142 3.6.1 Example: Pricing Exports 144 3.6.2 Example: The Multiagent Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model 145 3.6.3 Example: Portfolio Investment 146 3.6.4 The Capital Assets Pricing Model as a Special Case of the Consumption-Based Capital Asset Pricing Model 149 3.6.5 Foreign Exchange Rates, Bonds, and Equity 150 3.6.6 Example: Rate of Returns in Foreign Equity Markets and the Foreign Exchange Rate 153 3.7 Thought Experiments 154 References 155 4 Macroeconomics, Foreign Exchange, and Global Finance 157 Motivation 157 4.1 Introduction 157 4.2 Fundamental Macroeconomic Models 158 4.2.1 The Keynes Model: Goods and Money Markets in a Closed Economy 159 4.2.2 Macroeconomic Accounting in Open Economies 162 4.3 Balance of Payments Accounts 165 4.3.1 The Structure of Balance of Payments 165 4.3.2 Principles of Balance of Payments 167 4.3.3 Global External Imbalances 168 4.4 The Mundell and Fleming Model: IS-LM-BOP Model 171 4.4.1 Equilibrium Exchange Rate in the Foreign Exchange Market 171 4.4.2 IS-LM-BOP Model 173 4.4.3 Two-Country Model with Mundell-Fleming 175 4.4.4 Extension of the Mundell-Fleming Model: Trade 176 4.5 Macroeconomic Factors Reshaping Global Outlook 178 4.5.1 Foreign Direct Investment 178 4.5.2 External Debt and its Sustainability 182 4.5.3 Government Bonds and other Macroeconomic Factors 184 4.5.4 The Impact of a Strong US Dollar 185 4.5.5 The US Dollar and Commodity Prices 186 4.5.6 Globalization and Economic Inequalities 187 4.6 Conclusion 190 References 191 5 Foreign Exchange Models and Prices 195 Motivation 195 5.1 Introduction 195 5.2 Macroeconomic Models of Foreign Exchange Rates 196 5.2.1 Underlying Factors for Modeling Foreign Exchange Prices 196 5.2.2 Classification of Foreign Exchange Models 197 5.3 Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity 198 5.3.1 Purchasing Power Parity and the Law of One Price 198 5.3.2 Application of the Law of One Price and Purchasing Power Parity 200 5.4 Foreign Exchange Rates and Interest Rates: The Assets Approach 204 5.4.1 Covered Interest Arbitrage 204 5.4.2 Uncovered Interest Parities 205 5.4.3 Real Interest Parity 206 5.4.4 Testing Uncovered Interest Parity 206 5.5 Demand and Supply of Money and Exchange Rates: Monetary Approach 207 5.5.1 The Frenkel-Mussa Model 208 5.5.2 Foreign Exchange Prices and Inflation 209 5.5.3 The Unified Asset/Monetary Approaches 211 5.5.4 Empirical Evidence on the Monetary Model of Exchange Rate 211 5.6 Extensions of the Models 212 5.6.1 The Balassa-Samuelson Model 212 5.6.2 The Dornbusch Overshooting Model 215 5.6.3 The Real Interest Differential Theory 219 5.6.4 Present-Value Models: Complete and Incomplete Markets 219 5.7 Conclusions 221 Appendix 5.A: Suggested Empirical Work for Econometric and Statistical Analysis 222 References 223 6 Asia: Financial Environment and Risks 226 Motivation 226 6.1 Introduction 226 6.2 Driving Engines of Economic Growth in Asia 228 6.2.1 International Trade 229 6.2.2 Exchange Rate 229 6.2.3 Foreign Investments Expansion 234 6.3 Financial Sector Development in Asia 235 6.3.1 Fast-Growing Banking Sector 237 6.3.2 Bond Market Development 239 6.3.3 Stock Market Development 242 6.4 Risks of Investing in Asia 245 6.4.1 Foreign Exchange Risk 245 6.4.2 Foreign Exchange Option 248 6.4.3 Portfolio with Asian Assets 249 6.5 Financial Development in China 251 6.5.1 Importance of the Banking Sector in China 252 6.5.2 State-Owned Enterprises 254 6.5.3 Challenges in Equity Markets in China 257 6.5.4 Stock Market Development in China 257 6.6 Finance in Japan 260 6.6.1 Banking Sector in Japan 260 6.6.2 Effectiveness of Corporate Governance 260 6.6.3 The Importance of Industry 261 6.6.4 Bond Market Volatility in Japan 263 6.7 Conclusion 265 References 266 7 Financial Currency Pricing, Swaps, Derivatives, and Complete Markets 269 Motivation 269 7.1 Introduction 269 7.2 Pricing Consumption Price Index and Foreign Exchange in Complete Financial Markets 272 7.3 A Generalized Consumption Price Index Foreign Exchange Pricing Model 276 7.4 Relative and Foreign Exchange Basket Price Tracking 278 7.4.1 Currency Basket Design 281 7.4.2 A Global Index Consumption Price Index Price Reversion and Foreign Exchange Prices 284 7.4.3 Global Index Reversion…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Blockchain for Real World Applications -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Distributed Ledger Technology -- 2.1 Different Types of Distributed Ledger Technology -- 2.1.1 Blockchain -- 2.1.2 Directed Acyclic Graph -- 2.1.3 Hashgraph -- 2.1.4 Holochain -- 2.1.5 Tempo (Radix) -- 2.2 Chronological Evolution -- 2.2.1 Blockchain 1.0 -- 2.2.2 Blockchain 2.0 -- 2.2.3 Blockchain 3.0 -- 2.2.4 Blockchain 4.0 -- 2.3 Blockchain Architecture -- 2.3.1 Block -- 2.3.2 Hash Function -- 2.3.3 Encryption -- 2.3.3.1 Problems -- 2.3.4 Keys: Public and Private -- 2.3.5 Decentralized Identifier -- 3 Blockchain Ecosystem -- 3.1 Working of Blockchain -- 3.2 Key Characteristics -- 3.2.1 Decentralization -- 3.2.2 Persistence -- 3.2.3 Anonymity -- 3.2.4 Auditability -- 3.3 Unspent Transaction Output -- 3.4 Classification of Blockchain on Access Management -- 3.4.1 Public Blockchain -- 3.4.2 Private Blockchain -- 3.4.3 Consortium Blockchain -- 3.5 Consensus -- 3.5.1 Proof-of-Work -- 3.5.2 Proof-of-Stake -- 3.5.3 Peercoin -- 3.5.4 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance -- 3.5.5 Delegated Proof-of-Stake -- 3.5.6 Ripple -- 3.5.7 Tendermint -- 3.5.8 Consensus Algorithms: A Comparison -- 3.5.8.1 Node Identity Management -- 3.5.8.2 Energy Saving -- 3.5.8.3 Tolerated Power of Adversary -- 3.5.9 Advances in Consensus Algorithms -- 3.6 Payment Verification in Blockchain -- 3.6.1 Simple Payment Verification -- 3.6.1.1 Key Features -- 3.6.2 Full Payment Verification -- 3.6.2.1 Key Features -- 3.7 Hashgraph -- 3.7.1 Elements of Hashgraph -- 3.7.2 Diagrammatic Representation -- 3.7.3 How Does Hashgraph Work? …”