Tabla de Contenidos: “…Overall Framework and New Developments -- Overview -- ODA Charter and Japan’s philosophy on aid -- ODA reforms -- Administrative reform -- Support for the international development strategy (IDS) -- Country strategy approach -- Council on ODA Reform -- Transparency and efficiency -- OECF/JEXIM merger -- Asian crisis -- The Second Tokyo International Conference on African Development -- Chapter 2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Adoption of the 0.7% target has been uneven and budget cuts are hampering progress -- Practical and conceptual challenges undermine progress towards the 0.7% ODA/GNI target -- Targets can be interpreted as caps -- New financing targets could undermine ODA -- Perceptions regarding developing countries' capacity to spend ODA effectively to achieve development outcomes -- Challenges to the concept of the 0.7% ODA/GNI target -- Focusing on collective impact -- Responding to crises may have implications for ODA composition and focus -- ODA is not consistently allocated according to need -- DAC members have not achieved the ODA/GNI target for the LDCs -- Allocation of bilateral ODA has become more focused on middle-income countries -- ODA is not allocated according to poverty or inequality metrics -- Categorisations of need overlap while the use of allocation models is at an early stage -- Budget cuts, increased earmarking and lack of strategic engagement undermine the value of the multilateral system -- Improving ODA quality -- Concessional lending is an important ODA mechanism, but conditions should be closely monitored -- Budget support increased during the COVID-19 crisis, reigniting debates about impact, conditionalities and relevance -- ODA spending is spread out across many countries and dominated by low value projects -- Support to and through country systems is decreasing and focus on the political economy needs to be stepped up -- Untying ODA contributes to value for money and country ownership, but the urgency needed to overcome long-standing barriers is lacking -- Making the Recommendation more inclusive -- Taking policy coherence to the next level -- Identifying the focus of coherence efforts -- Designing arbitration mechanisms and understanding policy sets…”