“…Optimized Computational Intelligence (OCI) is a new, cutting-edge, and multidisciplinary research area that tackles the fundamental problems shared by modern informatics, biologically-inspired computation, software engineering, AI, cybernetics, cognitive science, medical science, systems science, philosophy, linguistics, economics, management science, and life sciences. …”

“…She also broadens ideas of narratology by connecting them more strongly with relevant areas of linguistics, as she uses both to examine the full range of speech representational strategies in the Homeric poems. …”

“…This book looks at information in several different academic disciplines - cybernetics, ICT, communications theory, semiotics, information systems, library science, linguistics, quantum physics and public policy. 'Perspectives on Information' brings clarity and coherence to different perspectives through promoting information as a unifying concept across the disciplinary spectrum. …”

“…This handbook is an essential reference for scholars and an accessible introduction for students of Spanish language and linguistics"--…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…INTRODUCTION; 2.2. LINGUISTIC MODELS AND DIFFERENT SEMANTIC APPROACHES; 2.3. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Schools of thought in linguistic sciences; 8.5. Semantics and combination; 8.6. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Semantic Web -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.1.1 Background and Vision -- 2.1.2 Features -- 2.1.3 Misconceptions and Criticism -- 2.2 Applications -- 3 Ontologies -- 3.1 Fundamentals -- 3.1.1 Purpose -- 3.1.2 Structure and Entities -- 3.1.3 Ontology Research Fields -- 3.2 Representation -- 3.2.1 Resource Description Framework -- 3.2.2 RDF Schema -- 3.2.3 Web Ontology Language -- 3.3 Querying and Reasoning -- 3.3.1 SPARQL and RDQL -- 3.3.2 Reasoning with Jena -- 3.3.3 Redland -- 3.4 Public Datasets and Ontologies -- 3.4.1 DBpedia -- 3.4.2 Freebase -- 3.4.3 OpenCyc -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Ontology Learning -- 4.2 Methods for Learning Semantic Associations -- 4.2.1 Natural Language Processing Techniques -- 4.2.2 Lexico-syntactic Patterns -- 4.2.3 Relevant Statistical and Information Retrieval Measures and Methods -- 4.2.4 Machine Learning Paradigms -- 4.3 Literature Review -- 4.3.1 Domain Text and Semantic Associations -- 4.3.2 The Web and Semantic Associations -- 4.3.3 Domain Text and Linguistic Patterns -- 4.3.4 The Web and Linguistic Patterns -- 4.3.5 Semantic Web Data and Reasoning -- 4.3.6 Selected Work from SemEval2007 -- 4.3.7 Learning of Qualia Structures -- 4.4 webLyzard Ontology Learning System -- 4.4.1 System Overview -- 4.4.2 Major Components of the Framework -- 4.4.3 Identification of the Most Relevant Concepts -- 4.4.4 Concept Positioning and Taxonomy Discovery -- 4.5 A Novel Method to Detect Relations -- 4.5.1 Relation Labeling Based on Vector Space Similarity -- 4.5.2 Ontological Restrictions and Integration of External Knowledge -- 4.5.3 The Knowledge Base -- 4.5.4 A Hybrid Method for Relation Labeling -- 4.5.5 Integration of User Feedback -- 4.6 Implementation of the Method -- 4.6.1 Training -- 4.6.2 Compute Vector Space Similarities -- 4.6.3 Ontological Restrictions and Concept Grounding -- 4.6.4 Scarlet…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The perception of African oral literature -- Nineteenth-century approaches and collections -- Speculations and neglect in the twentieth century -- Recent trends in African studies and the revival of interest in oral literature -- 3. The social, linguistic, and literary background -- Social and literary background -- The linguistic basis — the example of Bantu -- Some literary tools -- Presentation of the material -- The literary complexity of African cultures -- II. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…System Assurance Facts; Bibliography; Chapter 10: Linguistic models; 10.1. Fact Models and Linguistic Models; 10.2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Kamwangamalu -- Constructing the other: a critical reading of The joy luck club / Jing Yin -- The four seasons of ethnography: a creation-centered ontology for ethnography / Sarah Amira de la Garza -- The hegemony of English and strategies for linguistic pluralism: proposing the ecology of language paradigm / Yukio Tsuda -- The intersecting hegemonic discourses of an Asian mail-order bride catalog: Pilipina "oriental butterfly" dolls for sale / Rona Tamiko Halualani -- Currents in history, cultural domination, and mass communication in the Caribbean / Humphrey A. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…L1) del Caribe / Shifting sensitivity to Continuity of reference: Subject pronoun use in Spanish in New York City / Code-switching and discourse style in a Chicano community / Ideologías Lingüísticas -- Globalization, linguistic norms and language authorities: Spain and the panhispanic language policy / General versus Standard Spanish: Establishing empirical norms for the study of U.S. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…SEMÁNTICA CULTURAL E IDEOLOGÍA -- SEMÁNTICA CULTURAL, INDIANIZACIÓN E HISPANIZACIÓN EN EL NUEVO MUNDO / LA COMIDA DE LOS DIOSES: PRÉSTAMO LÉXICO AMERINDIO EN UN DOCUMENTO NEOLATINO1 DEL PERÚ COLONIAL / AFRO-HISPANIC VILLANCICO IN SPAIN AND SPANISH AMERICA: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS / EL DIABLO LLEGA A NUEVA ESPAÑA. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The indigenous religion and the Bon po in Dunhuang manuscripts -- Theories -- The ancient religion -- Bon pos and Bon -- Theories on the antecedents of late Bon -- The Dunhuang manuscripts and the later tradition -- Dunhuang documents -- Bon po in the texts translated from Chinese and bon po communities -- Translations from Chinese -- Bon po communities -- Bon po and gshen, their differences and their functions -- Gshen rab mi bo -- Other people -- Names and their epithets -- Themes -- Funerary ritual -- Divinities -- The word Bon alone -- Linguistic and stylistic traits -- Tibetica antiqua VI. …”
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Tabla de Contenidos: “…Adalberti / "Pull you sons of whores!" : linguistic register and reform in the legend of St. …”
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Tabla de Contenidos: “…Punishing puns: etymology as linguistic ideology in Hindu and British traditions / Robert A. …”
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Tabla de Contenidos: “…The Choice of Ignorance: The Debate on Ethnic and Racial Statistics in France: Patrick Simon -- Chapter 5. Ethnic and Linguistic Categories in Québec: Counting to Survive: Victor Piché -- Chapter 6. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Arguments and paradoxes of weak Belarusian identity -- Belarus as an example of national and democratic failure -- The Russian factor in Belarusian self-perception -- The paradox of "national pride" -- Paradoxes of political and linguistic Russification -- Lack of religious basis for national unity -- pt. 5. …”