Tabla de Contenidos: “…Indices des charges fiscales sur les ménages et les sociétés -- Péréquation financière -- Progressivité du système fiscal -- Tableau 24. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Making the fiscal system sustainable and more efficient; Achieving fiscal sustainability; Simplifying the tax system and reducing its negative effects on the economy; Notes…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Basic statistics of Brazil, 2019 -- Executive summary -- The COVID-19 outbreak has plunged the economy into a deep recession -- Raising spending efficiency is needed to address fiscal challenges -- Reviving productivity is the key for a strong recovery of incomes -- Well-designed training policies are key -- 1 Key policy insights -- The strength of the recovery will hinge on economic reforms -- COVID-19 has plunged the economy back into a long and deep recession -- The short-term prospects will depend on the health situation -- Risks are centred around the implementation of reforms and fiscal sustainability -- External vulnerabilities seem contained -- Financial soundness indicators are solid but the pandemic entails unprecedented risks -- Inflation is below target and interest rates have reached a long-time low -- The fiscal outlook has become much more challenging after COVID-19 -- Fiscal adjustment will have to resume after the pandemic -- Reducing budget rigidities is key -- Improving the effectiveness of social transfers -- Managing high payroll expenses -- Reducing inefficient subsidies and tax expenditures -- Reforming taxes to boost productivity and enhance fairness -- Further social progress is possible at reasonable fiscal cost -- Strengthening the social safety net -- Improving labour market policies -- Raising the quality of education -- Fighting corruption and economic crimes -- Making economic growth greener and more sustainable -- Halting illegal deforestation in the Amazon region -- References -- 2 Raising productivity through structural reforms -- Possible sources of low productivity growth -- How can policies help to strengthen productivity growth? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Foreword -- Executive summary -- Greece's strong recovery is facing mounting external headwinds -- More effective public spending and revenue policies would foster fiscal sustainability and lasting growth -- A sustained recovery will require tackling long-standing challenges -- Ambitious policies are key to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for a warming climate -- 1 Key Policy Insights -- Introduction -- External headwinds are slowing Greece's recovery -- After a strong rebound from the COVID crisis, headwinds are mounting -- Exports are expanding but Greece's current account remains in structural deficit -- Surging global prices are raising inflation -- Fiscal support is being gradually withdrawn while monetary conditions tighten -- Further progress is required to achieve a healthy banking sector -- The recovery is projected to pick up once the external headwinds drop -- Fiscal sustainability through more effective public investment, spending and revenue policy -- Raising the effectiveness of public spending -- Better disbursing public investment -- Strengthening the budget process to support higher-impact spending -- Raising the integrity of public spending and services -- Better staffing the public service -- A broader, more efficient and more equitable tax system -- A better operating labour market to boost employment and incomes -- Boosting the contributions of youth, women and foreign-born workers -- Ensuring wages reward skills and support competitiveness -- Reforming the public employment service to better activate and match jobseekers -- Boosting private investment to seize emerging opportunities -- Reviving the supply of finance for investment -- On-lending NextGenerationEU loans to private investors -- Developing alternative sources of finance -- Bolstering the private sector's willingness to invest…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Contiene: Ley 52/2002, de 30 de diciembre, de Presupuestos del Estado para 2003, Ley 53/2002, de 30 de diciembre, de medidas fiscales, administrativas y del orden social y ley 46/2002 de 18 de diciembre, de Ley de reforma parcial del IRPF…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Macroeconomic policies and structural fiscal issues; III. Progress in structural reform; IV. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Recent developments and policy challenges; Chapter 2. Ensuring fiscal sustainability: assessing recent tax and public spending reforms; Chapter 3. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The return of growh; II. Fiscal policy issues; III. Structural policies for sustainable growth; IV. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Fiscal frameworks and public investment financing in Wales -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Executive summary -- Reinforcing the governance of regional development and public investment in Wales -- Understanding the Welsh territorial puzzle in the context of megatrends -- OECD case study: Considerations for economic regions in Mid Wales and South West Wales -- Foreword -- Assessment and recommendations -- Providing context: The importance of governance in Welsh public investment…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Improving innovation; Chapter 5. Rationalizing fiscal policy and strengthening public expenditure management…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Developments in Selected Non-member Economies; Chapter 4. Fiscal Consolidation: Requirements, Timing, Instruments and Institutional Arrangements; Special chapters in recent issues of OECD Economic Outlook; Statistical Annex…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Recent macroeconomic developments and medium-term issues; II. Fiscal policy: sustaining consolidation via public sector reform; III. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The significance of Switzerland's enormous current-account surplus; Chapter3. Making fiscal policy more supportive of economic growth; Chapter 4. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Introduction -- Overview -- Demographic Trends -- Health and Disability in the Working-Age and Elderly Populations -- Labor Force Participation and Retirement -- Aging, Productivity, and Innovation -- Saving and Retirement Security -- Capital Markets and Rates of Return -- The Outlook for Fiscal Policy -- Research Recommendations -- References -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Population and Related Projections Made by the Committee -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members…”

“…As a result, scarring effects are significant, confronting governments with higher debt levels, which in turn weigh on the room for manoeuvre in subsequent downturns. In sum, fiscal policy makers face two difficulties in the event of a major economic downturn: adopting the right type of fiscal expansion, and finding the right time to pivot from short-term stabilisation to fiscal consolidation, while protecting investment"…”