Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 2.6.2 Biosensors as Environmental Monitors -- 2.7 Electrochemical Systems as Energy Sources -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Combined Use of Remediation Technologies with Electrokinetics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biological Processes -- 3.2.1 Electrobioremediation -- 3.2.2 Electro‐Phytoremediation -- 3.3 Permeable Reactive Barriers -- 3.4 Advanced Oxidation Processes…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7 Nanoporous gold for biomedical applications: structure, properties and applications7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Medical applications; 7.3 Biosensor applications; 7.4 Alloy formation; 7.5 Dealloying of gold-silver alloy; 7.6 Mechanical properties of nanoporous gold; 7.7 Electronic properties of nanoporous gold; 7.8 Conclusion; 7.9 References; 8 Gold nanostructures for bioimaging, drug delivery and therapeutics; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Gold for bioimaging and target drug delivery; 8.3 Gold for photothermal therapeutics; 8.4 Conclusions and future trends; 8.5 Acknowledgments; 8.6 References…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- References -- PART 2 CURRENT TRENDS -- Federal Support of Medical Device Innovation -- SYSTEMS PHYSIOLOGY AND MODELING -- NEURAL PROSTHESES FOR HUMAN REHABILITATION -- BIOMECHANICS -- BIOMATERIALS -- BIOSENSORS -- METABOLIC IMAGING -- MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES -- ARTIFICIAL ORGANS -- FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Private Investment in Medical Device Innovation -- DECISIONS ABOUT R&amp -- D -- TECHNICAL FACTORS -- MARKET FACTORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Product Liability and Medical Device Regulation: Proposal for Reform -- INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONS: THE LIMITS OF REGULATION AND PRODUCT LIABILITY -- DISTORTIONS CAUSED BY INCONSISTENCIES BETWEEN REGULATION AND PRODUCT LIABILITY -- MEDICAL DEVICES AS A SPECIAL KIND OF CONSUMER PRODUCT: A FRAMEWORK FOR APPROACHING REFORM…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…part, 1 Introduction -- chapter 1 Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Introduction, Historical Perspective, and Context / part, 2 Microscale Testing at Various Biological and Phylogenetic Levels -- Biochemical Assays -- chapter 2 Immunoassays: Applications for the Aquatic Environment / chapter 3 Environmental Applications with Submitochondrial Particles / chapter 4 Bioassays to Measure MFO Inducers in Effluents / chapter 5 Enzyme Inhibition for Examination of Toxic Effects in Aquatic Systems / part, 1_1 Tissue Culture Assays -- chapter 6 Sponge Cells and Tissue as Biological Monitors of Aquatic Pollution / chapter 7 The Use of Fish Cells in the Toxicological Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants / chapter 8 In Vitro Assays for Detection of Nongenotoxic Carcinogens / part, 1_2 Bacteria -- chapter 9 Microbial Enzyme Assays for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity / chapter 10 ATP-TOX System — A Review / chapter 11 Luminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants / chapter 12 Stress-Responsive Luminous Bacteria for Toxicity and Genotoxicity Monitoring / chapter 13 Microtox * Toxicity Test Systems — Where They Stand Today / chapter 14 Microtox® Toxicity Test System — New Developments and Applications / chapter 15 Measurement of Microbial Exoenzyme Activity in Sediments for Environmental Impact Assessment / chapter 16 Small-Scale In Vitro Genotoxicity Tests for Bacteria and Invertebrates / part, 1_4 Algae and Microalgae -- chapter 17 Recent Advances in Toxicity Test Methods Using Kelp Gametophytes / chapter 18 Microplate Toxicity Tests with Microalgae: A Review / chapter 19 Ecophysiological Considerations in Microalgal Toxicity Tests / chapter 20 Development and First Validation of a “Stock-Culture Free” Algal Microbiotest:The Algaltoxkit / part, 2_5 Protozoa -- chapter 21 Ciliated Protozoa as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessments / chapter 22 Development of a Protozoan Chemoattraction Inhibition Assay for Evaluating Toxicity of Aquatic Pollutants / chapter 23 Ciliate Microbiotest Applications: Metal Contaminants in Water and Soil / part, 2_6 Invertebrates -- chapter 24 Utility and Practical Considerations for In Vitro Developmental Toxicity Testing: Hydra and FETAX Assays / chapter 25 Microscale Bioassays for Corals / chapter 26 The Use of Larvae and Small Species of Polychaetes in Marine Toxicological Testing / chapter 27 Development of a Canadian Marine Toxicity Test for Whole Sediments Using Cultured Spionid Polychaetes / chapter 28 Microscale Toxicity Testing With Rotifers / chapter 29 Recent Advances in Microscale Toxicity Testing with Marine Mollusks / chapter 30 Development and Validation of Toxkit Microbiotests with Invertebrates, in Particular Crustaceans / chapter 31 Death by Mud: Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests / chapter 32 Physiological Dysfunction in Estuarine Mysids and Larval Decapods with Chronic Pesticide Exposure / part, 2_7 Teleosts and Amphibians -- chapter 33 Aquatic Testing with Early Life Stages of Killifish / chapter 34 Genotoxicity in Fish Embryos / chapter 35 Genotoxicity Tests in Amphibians — A Review / part, 2_8 Multitrophic Assessment in Practice -- chapter 36 Marine and Estuarine Porewater Toxicity Testing / chapter 37 Correspondence of a Microscale Toxicity Test to Responses to Toxicants in Natural Systems / chapter 38 Role of Microbiotests in Contaminated Sediment Assessment Batteries / part, 3 Validation, Applications, and Training with Microscale Testing -- chapter 39 The Influence of Particle Size, Ammonia, and Sulfide on Toxicity of Dredged Materials for Ocean Disposal / chapter 40 Oil Spill Treating Agents: Present Knowledge and Toxicity Testing Needs / chapter 41 The Development, Validation, and Analysis of Salmonella Mutagenicity Test Methods for Environmental Situations / chapter 42 Investigating the Sources and Fate of Genotoxic Substances in Aquatic Ecosystems with the SOS Chromotest / chapter 43 The Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Regulatory Purposes / part, 4 Conclusions and Future Directions -- chapter 44 Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Conclusions and Future Directions…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Humidity Sensors 77 4.1 Calibration 78 4.2 Capacitive Humidity Sensors 78 4.3 Resistance Type Humidity Sensors 81 4.4 Bragg Grating Sensor 87 4.5 Fiber Optic Sensor 92 4.6 Surface Acoustic Wave Based Sensors 92 4.7 Microwave Oven Humidity Sensors 96 5. Biosensors 101 5.1 Waveguide Sensors 102 5.2 Active Elements 104 5.3 Special Examples 107 6. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 13 Laser Printing of Chemical and Biological Sensors -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Conventional Printing Methods for the Fabrication of Chemical and Biological Sensors -- 13.2.1 Contact Printing Methods -- 13.2.1.1 Pin Printing Approach -- 13.2.1.2 Microcontact Printing (or Microstamping) Technique -- 13.2.1.3 Nanotip Printing -- 13.2.2 Noncontact Printing Methods -- 13.2.2.1 Photochemistry‐Based Printing -- 13.2.2.2 Inkjet Printing Technique -- 13.2.2.3 Electrospray Deposition (ESD) -- 13.3 Laser‐Based Printing Techniques: Introduction -- 13.3.1 Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer -- 13.3.2 LIFT of Liquid Films -- 13.4 Applications of Direct Laser Printing -- 13.4.1 Biosensors -- 13.4.1.1 Background -- 13.4.1.2 Printing of Biological Materials for Biosensors -- 13.4.2 Chemical Sensors -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 Laser Printing of Proteins and Biomaterials -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 LIFT of DNA in Solid and Liquid Phase -- 14.3 LIFT of Biomolecules -- 14.3.1 Streptavidin and Avidin-Biotin Complex -- 14.3.2 Amyloid Peptides -- 14.3.3 Odorant‐Binding Proteins -- 14.3.4 Liposomes -- 14.4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Conflict of Interest -- References -- Chapter 15 Laser‐Assisted Bioprinting of Cells for Tissue Engineering -- 15.1 Laser‐Assisted Bioprinting of Cells -- 15.1.1 The History of Cell Bioprinting and Advantages of Laser‐Assisted Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering -- 15.1.2 Technical Specifications of Laser‐Assisted Bioprinting of Cells -- 15.1.3 Effect of Laser Process and Printing Parameters on Cell Behavior -- 15.2 Laser‐Assisted Bioprinting for Cell Biology Studies -- 15.2.1 Study of Cell-Cell and Cell-Microenvironment Interactions -- 15.2.2 Cancer Research -- 15.3 Laser‐Assisted Bioprinting for Tissue‐Engineering Applications -- 15.3.1 Skin -- 15.3.2 Blood Vessels -- 15.3.3 Heart -- 15.3.4 Bone…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Fish toxin -- Tetrodotoxin -- Plant toxins -- Abrin -- Ricin -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 4: Viral agents including threat from emerging viral infections -- Introduction -- Biological warfare agents as a means of terrorism -- Viruses as biological warfare agents -- Historical perspectives -- Viral biological warfare agents -- Variola virus -- Influenza virus -- Filoviruses -- Flaviviruses -- Hantaviruses -- Nipah virus -- Identification of signs of viral attack -- Detection techniques for viral biological warfare agents -- Impact of viral bioterrorism -- Future perspectives -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Advance detection technologies for select biothreat agents -- Introduction -- Bio-detection technologies -- Culture -- Immunological assays -- Immunochromatographic test (ICT) -- Lateral flow rapid strip test -- Flow through spot test -- Molecular assays -- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -- Real-time RT-PCR -- Isothermal gene amplification assays -- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology -- Biomonitoring -- Aerosol detection technologies -- Sensor technologies -- Nanomaterials biosensors -- Instrumental technologies -- Mass spectrometry -- Raman chemical imaging -- Biodetectors -- Commercially available biodetectors -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Microfluidics application for detection of biological warfare agents -- Introduction -- Biological weapons -- Pathogens involved in bioterrorism -- Planning and response -- Preparedness -- Available systems for bioterrorism -- Immunoassays -- Proteomic approaches -- Nucleic acid amplification and detection methods -- Bio-warfare agents monitoring -- Civilian biodefense -- Microfluidic applications in biodefense -- Military biodefense -- Microfluidics -- Types of microfluidics -- Continuous flow microfluidics -- Mixing -- Separation…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Three-axis tilt sensing -- Gyroscopes -- Mechanical gyroscopes -- Components of a gyroscope and axis of freedom -- Gyroscopes precession -- Proximity Sensor -- Workings of a inductive proximity sensor -- Workings of a capacitive proximity sensor -- Workings of a photoelectric proximity sensor -- Workings of a magnetic proximity sensor -- Pressure Sensor -- Workings of a pressure sensor -- Touch Sensors -- Touch sensors based on working principles -- Ultrasound/surface acoustic wave touch sensors -- Capacitive touch sensors -- Resistive touch sensors -- Biosensors -- ECG working principles -- Example heart rate estimation algorithm -- References -- 4 Sensor hubs -- Introduction to Sensor Hubs -- Dedicated Microcontroller Unit -- Application Processor-Based Sensor Hub -- Sensor-Based Hub With Micro Controller Unit -- FPGA-Based Sensor Hub -- Atmel SAM D20 Sensor Hub With Micro Controller Unit -- Cortex-M0+ Processor and Its Peripherals -- Device Service Unit -- Power Management Unit -- System Controller -- Watchdog Timer -- Real-Time Counter -- External Interrupt Controller -- Serial Communication Interface -- Intel Moorefield Platform (Application Processor-Based Sensor Hub) -- Integrated Sensor Hub -- Integrated sensor hub hardware architecture -- Integrated sensor hub power management -- Platform and sensor hub firmware architecture -- Supported sensors -- Security with integrated sensor hub -- STMicroelectronics Sensor-Based Hub With Micro Controller Unit (LIS331EB) -- Description of Blocks -- Cortex-M0 processor -- Accelerometer -- Sensing element -- State machine -- FIFO -- Bypass mode -- FIFO mode -- Stream mode -- Stream-to-FIFO mode -- Retrieving data from FIFO -- I2C interfaces -- I2C terminology/pin mapping -- LIS331EB as I2C slave to the application processor -- I2C to access accelerometer data -- I2C operation…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…3.2.4 Rehabilitation Robot for Gait Training -- 3.3 Solutions and Methods for the Rehabilitation Process -- 3.3.1 Gait Analysis -- 3.3.2 Methods Based on Deep Learning -- 3.3.3 Use of Convolutional Neural Networks -- 3.4 Proposed System -- 3.4.1 Detection of Motion and Rehabilitation Mechanism -- 3.4.2 Data Collection Using Wearable Sensors -- 3.4.3 Raspberry Pi -- 3.4.4 Pre-Processing of the Data -- 3.5 Analysis of the Data -- 3.5.1 Feature Extraction -- 3.5.2 Machine Learning Approach -- 3.5.3 Remote Rehabilitation Mode -- 3.6 Results and Discussion -- 3.7 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Smart Sensors for Activity Recognition -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Wearable Biosensors for Activity Recognition -- 4.3 Smartphones for Activity Recognition -- 4.3.1 Early Analysis Activity Recognition -- 4.3.2 Similar Approaches Activity Recognition -- 4.3.3 Multi-Sensor Approaches Activity Recognition -- 4.3.4 Fitness Systems in Activity Recognition -- 4.3.5 Human-Computer Interaction Processes in Activity Recognition -- 4.3.6 Healthcare Monitoring in Activity Recognition -- 4.4 Machine Learning Techniques -- 4.4.1 Decision Trees Algorithms for Activity Reorganization -- 4.4.2 Adaptive Boost Algorithms for Activity Reorganization -- 4.4.3 Random Forest Algorithms for Activity Reorganization -- 4.4.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithms for Activity Reorganization -- 4.5 Other Applications -- 4.6 Limitations -- 4.6.1 Policy Implications and Recommendations -- 4.7 Discussion -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Use of Assistive Techniques for the Visually Impaired People -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Rehabilitation Procedure -- 5.3 Development of Applications for Visually Impaired -- 5.4 Academic Research and Development for Assisting Visually Impaired -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 IoT-Assisted Smart Device for Blind People -- 6.1 Introduction…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: A reconfigurable FPGA-based epileptic seizures detection system with 144 μs detection time -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Software-based implementation -- 1.2.1 EEG data -- 1.2.2 Segmentation -- 1.2.3 Feature extraction -- 1.2.4 RF algorithm -- 1.3 Hardware-based implementation -- 1.3.1 Feature extraction -- 1.3.2 RF training module -- 1.3.3 The RF inference module -- 1.3.4 Display label -- 1.4 Experimental results -- 1.4.1 Software implementation results -- 1.4.2 FPGA implementation results -- 1.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 2: Hardware architecture for denoising of EOG signal using a differential evolution algorithm -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 FIR filter architecture -- 2.3 Filter design for denoising of EOG signal using DE algorithm -- 2.4 DE algorithm with minimized coefficients -- 2.5 Functional verification of DE with minimized coefficient (DEWMC)-based denoised FIR filter -- 2.6 Synthesis results -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Implementation considerations for an intelligent embedded E-health system and experimental results for EEG-based activity recognition -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Embedded acquisition system for E-health -- 3.2.1 Hardware considerations, choices, and implementations -- 3.2.2 Software architecture and implementation -- 3.2.3 Related works -- 3.3 EEG-based classification of motor imagery activities -- 3.3.1 Segmentation -- 3.3.2 Neural network efficiency investigation -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Embedded and computational intelligence for diabetic healthcare: An overview -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Embedded intelligence glucose monitoring -- 4.2.1 BioSensors -- 4.2.2 Implanted micro systems -- 4.2.3 Wearable sensors…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.3 Application in field of civil engineering -- 4.4 Application in field of electronics -- 4.5 Application in field of medical -- 4.6 Application of smart material in the field of aerospace -- 4.7 Application of smart material in the field of biosensors -- 4.8 Application of smart material in the field of dentistry -- 5. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…. -- 4.3.3 NORMATIVIDAD QUE REGULA LA BIOTECNOLOGÍA -- PROTOCOLO DE CARTAGENA -- COMUNIDAD ECONÓMICA EUROPEA -- EN LO NACIONAL -- 4.3.4 ÁREAS DE APLICACIÓN DE LA BIOTECNOLOGÍA -- BIOTECNOLOGÍA BLANCA O INDUSTRIAL -- BIOTECNOLOGÍA VERDE O AGROALIMENTARIA -- ORGANISMOS MODIFICADOS GENÉTICAMENTE Y PLANTAS TRANSGÉNICAS: -- BACTERIAS Y LEVADURAS TRANSGÉNICAS: -- ALIMENTOS FUNCIONALES: -- BIOTECNOLOGÍA ROJA -- DIAGNÓSTICO MOLECULAR Y BIOSENSORES: -- INGENIERÍA CELULAR Y DE TEJIDOS: -- PROTEÍNAS RECOMBINANTES Y ANTICUERPOS MONOCLONALES: -- TERAPIA GÉNICA: -- NUEVAS DIANAS TERAPÉUTICAS, NUEVOS FÁRMACOS Y NUEVAS VACUNAS: -- NUEVOS SISTEMAS DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DE FÁRMACOS Y VACUNAS: -- GENÉTICA DE POBLACIONES Y FARMACOGENÉTICA: -- BIOTECNOLOGÍA GRIS -- BIOTECNOLOGÍA PARA ELIMINACIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES:…”

“…The functionality of the waveguide-based biosensor chip is successfully demonstrated by detection experiments…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 1.3.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of AI in Post COVID Era -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Healthcare System 4.0 Perspectives on COVID-19 Pandemic -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Key Techniques of HCS 4.0 for COVID-19 -- 2.2.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) -- 2.2.2 The Internet of Things (IoT) -- 2.2.3 Big Data -- 2.2.4 Virtual Reality (VR) -- 2.2.5 Holography -- 2.2.6 Cloud Computing -- 2.2.7 Autonomous Robots -- 2.2.8 3D Scanning -- 2.2.9 3D Printing Technology -- 2.2.10 Biosensors -- 2.3 Real World Applications of HCS 4.0 for COVID-19 -- 2.4 Opportunities and Limitations -- 2.5 Future Perspectives -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Analysis and Prediction on COVID-19 Using Machine Learning Techniques -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature Review -- 3.3 Types of Machine Learning…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…6.15.4 Machine Learning in Personalized Healthcare -- 6.15.5 Machine Learning in Outbreak Prediction -- 6.15.6 Machine Learning in Patient Risk Stratification -- 6.15.7 Machine Learning in Telemedicine -- 6.15.8 Multimodal Machine Learning for Data Fusion in Medical Imaging -- 6.16 Incorporating Expectations and Learning Significant Portrayals for the Space -- 6.17 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Demystifying the Capabilities of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Care -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Temporal Displacement of Care -- 7.3 AI/ML use in Healthcare -- 7.4 Wearable Health Devices -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Artificial Intelligence and the 4th Industrial Revolution -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Industrial Revolutions -- 8.3 The Technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution -- 8.3.1 Internet of Things -- 8.3.2 4th Industrial Revolution: New Technologies -- 8.3.3 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence -- 8.3.4 Internet of Things, Microelectro-sensors and Biosensor Tech -- 8.3.5 Robotics -- 8.3.6 Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality -- 8.3.7 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing -- 8.3.8 Neuromorphic Computing -- 8.3.9 Biochips -- 8.4 AI Applications in the 4th Industrial Revolution -- 8.4.1 Gaming Industry -- 8.4.2 Surveillance and Human Behavioural Marketing -- 8.4.3 Identity Management -- 8.4.4 Chatbots -- 8.4.5 Healthcare -- 8.4.6 Wearable Wellbeing Monitors -- 8.4.7 Asset Monitoring and Maintenance -- 8.4.8 Monitoring Fake News on Social Media -- 8.4.9 Furniture Design -- 8.4.10 Engineering Design in Aeronautics -- 8.4.11 Self-Driving Vehicles -- 8.4.12 AI-enabled Smart Grids -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 AI-Based Evaluation to Assist Students Studying through Online Systems -- 9.1 Problem Description -- 9.2 The Online Learning Environment -- 9.2.1 Content Delivery Process…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Graphene Chemical Derivatives Synthesis and Applications: State‐of‐the‐Art and Perspectives -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Graphene Oxide: Synthesis Methods and Chemistry Alteration -- 1.3 Graphene Oxide Reduction and Functionalization -- 1.4 Applications of CMGs -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 2D/2D Graphene Oxide‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite for the Immobilization of Different Radionuclides -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Synthesis of GO/LDH Composite -- 2.2.1 Co‐precipitation -- 2.2.2 Hydrothermal Preparation -- 2.2.3 Self‐Assembly of LDH Nanosheets with GO Nanosheets -- 2.3 Removal of Radionuclides -- 2.3.1 U(VI) Removal -- 2.3.2 Sorption of Eu(III) with the Presence of GO on LDH -- 2.3.3 Co‐remediation Anionic SeO42− and Cationic Sr2+ -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy -- 3.1.2 Bioimaging and Drug/Gene Delivery -- 3.1.3 Biosensors -- 3.1.4 Antibacterial Activity -- 3.1.5 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine -- 3.2 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Novel Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Next‐Generation Photodetectors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 2D Materials for PDs -- 4.2.1 Graphene -- 4.2.2 TMDs (Transition Metal Dichalcogenides) -- 4.2.3 MXenes (2D Transition Metal Carbides/Nitrides) -- 4.2.4 Xenes (Monoelemental 2D Materials) -- 4.3 The Physical Mechanism Enabling Photodetection -- 4.4 Characterization Parameters for Photodetectors -- 4.4.1 Responsivity -- 4.4.2 Detectivity -- 4.4.3 External Quantum Efficiency -- 4.4.4 Gain -- 4.4.5 Response Time -- 4.4.6 Noise Equivalent Power -- 4.5 Synthesis Methods for 2D Materials -- 4.5.1 Mechanical Exfoliation -- 4.5.2 Liquid Exfoliation…”

“…It emphasizes the chemistry, physics, and applications of liquid crystals in photonics, power generators, lasers, molecular motors, carbon nanotubes, and biosensors"--…”

“…This book Electrochemical Sensors Technology mostly reviews the modem methods and significant electrochemical and electroanalytical applications of chemical sensors and biosensors. Chapters of this book are invited and contributed from the experts throughout the world from prominent researchers and scientists in the field of sensors and in the field of electro- and biochemistry. …”

“…Chapters provide detailed information on new preparation routes for novel nanomaterials and their applications in supercapacitors, nanogenerators, removal of industrial pollutants, biosensors, self-cleaning coatings, aquatic robotics, and the construction industry…”

“…The covered topics include the Patient safety in medical technology management, Biomedical Optics and Lasers, Biomaterials, Rehabilitat, Ion Technologies, Therapeutic Lasers & Skin Welding Applications, Biomedical Instrument Aopplication and Biosensor and their principles…”