Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Foreword xiii -- Preface xv -- List of Symbols xvii -- Acronyms and Abbreviations xix -- 1 Radio Wave Fundamentals 1 -- 1.1 Maxwell's Equations 1 -- 1.2 Free Space Propagation 3 -- 1.3 Uniform Plane Wave Propagation 3 -- 1.4 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Isotropic and Homogeneous Media 5 -- 1.5 Wave Polarization 8 -- 1.6 Propagation Mechanisms 11 -- 1.6.1 Reflection by an Isotropic Material 12 -- 1.6.2 Reflection/Refraction by an Anisotropic Material 18 -- 1.6.3 Diffuse Reflection/Scattering 19 -- 1.6.4 Diffraction 20 -- 1.7 Propagation in the Earth's Atmosphere 21 -- 1.7.1 Properties of the Earth's Atmosphere 21 -- 1.7.2 Radio Waves in the Ionosphere 25 -- 1.8 Frequency Dispersion of Radio Waves 29 -- 1.8.1 Phase Velocity versus Group Velocity 30 -- 1.8.2 Group Path versus Phase Path 31 -- 1.8.3 Phase Path Stability: Doppler Shift/Dispersion 32 -- References 33 -- 2 Radio Wave Transmission 35 -- 2.1 Free Space Transmission 35 -- 2.1.1 Path Loss 35 -- 2.1.2 Relating Power to the Electric Field 37 -- 2.2 Transmission Loss of Radio Waves in the Earth's Atmosphere 38 -- 2.2.1 Attenuation due to Gases in the Lower Atmosphere and Rain: Troposphere 38 -- 2.2.2 Attenuation of Radio Waves in an Ionized Medium: Ionosphere 41 -- 2.3 Attenuation Due to Propagation into Buildings 43 -- 2.4 Transmission Loss due to Penetration into Vehicles 46 -- 2.5 Diffraction Loss 49 -- 2.5.1 Fundamentals of Diffraction Loss: Huygen's Principle 49 -- 2.5.2 Diffraction Loss Due to a Single Knife Edge: Fresnel Integral Approach 50 -- 2.6 Diffraction Loss Models 54 -- 2.6.1 Single Knife Edge Diffraction Loss 54 -- 2.6.2 Multiple Edge Diffraction Loss 55 -- 2.7 Path Loss Due to Scattering 57 -- 2.8 Multipath Propagation: Two-Ray Model 57 -- 2.8.1 Two-Ray Model in a Nondispersive Medium 58 -- 2.8.2 Two-Ray Model due to LOS and Ground Reflected Wave: Plane Earth Model 59 -- 2.8.3 Two-Ray Propagation via the Ionosphere 63 -- 2.9 General Multipath Propagation 66 -- 2.9.1 Time Dispersion due to Multipath Propagation 66.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…List of Contributors xvii -- Preface xxi -- 1 Fog Computing and Fogonomics 1 /Yang Yang, Jianwei Huang, Tao Zhang, and Joe Weinman -- 2 Collaborative Mechanism for Hybrid Fog-Cloud Scenarios 7 /Xavi Masip, Eva Mar℗<U+0083>in, Jordi Garcia, and Sergi S© nchez -- 2.1 The Collaborative Scenario 7 -- 2.1.1 The F2C Model 11 -- 2.1.1.1 The Layering Architecture 13 -- 2.1.1.2 The Fog Node 14 -- 2.1.1.3 F2C as a Service 16 -- 2.1.2 The F2C Control Architecture 19 -- 2.1.2.1 Hierarchical Architecture 20 -- 2.1.2.2 Main Functional Blocks 24 -- 2.1.2.3 Managing Control Data 25 -- 2.1.2.4 Sharing Resources 26 -- 2.2 Benefits and Applicability 28 -- 2.3 The Challenges 29 -- 2.3.1 Research Challenges 30 -- 2.3.1.1 What a Resource is 30 -- 2.3.1.2 Categorization 30 -- 2.3.1.3 Identification 31 -- 2.3.1.4 Clustering 33 -- 2.3.1.5 Resources Discovery 33 -- 2.3.1.6 Resource Allocation 34 -- 2.3.1.7 Reliability 35 -- 2.3.1.8 QoS 36 -- 2.3.1.9 Security 36 -- 2.3.2 Industry Challenges 37 -- 2.3.2.1 What an F2C Provider Should Be? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…List of Contributors xvii -- Editor Biographies xxi -- Preface xxiii -- Acknowledgement xxvii -- Part I IPTV Delivery Networks Fundamentals 1 -- 1 IPTV: Delivering TV Services over IP Networks 3 /Suliman Mohamed Fati and Putra Sumari -- 1.1 Overview 3 -- 1.2 Internet Protocol Television 4 -- 1.3 Evolution of TV to IPTV 6 -- 1.3.1 IPTV Services 7 -- 1.3.2 IPTV Standardisation 8 -- 1.3.3 General Architecture of IPTV 9 -- 1.4 IPTV Delivery Network 10 -- 1.5 Evolution of the Delivery Network 11 -- 1.5.1 IPTV Delivery Network Characteristics and Challenges 15 -- 1.6 The Key Issues of IPTV Delivery Networks 17 -- 1.7 Conclusion 18 -- References 19 -- 2 IPTV Streaming Classification 25 /Miguel Masciopinto, Pedro Comesa&ntilde;a, and Fernando P&eacute;rez-Gonz&aacute;lez -- 2.1 Introduction 25 -- 2.2 Framework 29 -- 2.2.1 IPTV Description 30 -- 2.2.2 IPTV Bitrate Footprint 32 -- 2.3 Classification Scheme 33 -- 2.3.1 SVM Classifier 36 -- 2.4 Experimental Setup 36 -- 2.4.1 Database Construction 37 -- 2.4.2 Training/Test Set-Partitioning 38 -- 2.4.3 Classification Performance Measures 41 -- 2.5 Experimental Results 44 -- 2.5.1 TSS vs. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Preface xiii -- Editors&rsquo; Biographies xvii -- List of Contributors xix -- 1 Introduction 1 /Roy H. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- /VISNET II Researchers xiii -- Preface xv -- Glossary of Abbreviations xvii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 2 Video Coding Principles 7 -- 2.1 Introduction 7 -- 2.2 Redundancy in Video Signals 7 -- 2.3 Fundamentals of Video Compression 8 -- 2.3.1 Video Signal Representation and Picture Structure 8 -- 2.3.2 Removing Spatial Redundancy 9 -- 2.3.3 Removing Temporal Redundancy 14 -- 2.3.4 Basic Video Codec Structure 16 -- 2.4 Advanced Video Compression Techniques 17 -- 2.4.1 Frame Types 17 -- 2.4.2 MC Accuracy 19 -- 2.4.3 MB Mode Selection 20 -- 2.4.4 Integer Transform 21 -- 2.4.5 Intra Prediction 22 -- 2.4.6 Deblocking Filters 22 -- 2.4.7 Multiple Reference Frames and Hierarchical Coding 24 -- 2.4.8 Error-Robust Video Coding 24 -- 2.5 Video Codec Standards 28 -- 2.5.1 Standardization Bodies 28 -- 2.5.2 ITU Standards 29 -- 2.5.3 MPEG Standards 29 -- 2.5.4 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC 31 -- 2.6 Assessment of Video Quality 31 -- 2.6.1 Subjective Performance Evaluation 31 -- 2.6.2 Objective Performance Evaluation 32 -- 2.7 Conclusions 35 -- References 36 -- 3 Scalable Video Coding 39 -- 3.1 Introduction 39 -- 3.1.1 Applications and Scenarios 40 -- 3.2 Overview of the State of the Art 41 -- 3.2.1 Scalable Coding Techniques 42 -- 3.2.2 Multiple Description Coding 45 -- 3.2.3 Stereoscopic 3D Video Coding 47 -- 3.3 Scalable Video Coding Techniques 48 -- 3.3.1 Scalable Coding for Shape, Texture, and Depth for 3D Video 48 -- 3.3.2 3D Wavelet Coding 68 -- 3.4 Error Robustness for Scalable Video and Image Coding 74 -- 3.4.1 Correlated Frames for Error Robustness 74 -- 3.4.2 Odd / Even Frame Multiple Description Coding for Scalable H.264/AVC 82 -- 3.4.3 Wireless JPEG 2000: JPWL 91 -- 3.4.4 JPWL Simulation Results 94 -- 3.4.5 Towards a Theoretical Approach for Optimal Unequal Error Protection 96 -- 3.5 Conclusions 98 -- References 99 -- 4 Distributed Video Coding 105 -- 4.1 Introduction 105 -- 4.1.1 The Video Codec Complexity Balance 106 -- 4.2 Distributed Source Coding 109 -- 4.2.1 The Slepian / Wolf Theorem 109.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…A de Nuestro Código Sustantivo Penal: «El particular. . . -- CAPÍTULO XVII Usurpación y simulación de funciones públicas(pp. 415-424) -- CAPÍTULO XVII Usurpación y simulación de funciones públicas(pp. 415-424) -- https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.11786250.21 -- https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.11786250.21 -- Se define en el DRAE, usurpar como: «Arrogarse la dignidad, empleo u oficio de otro, y usarlos como si fueran propios». …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Universidades Literarias-Legislación-siglo XVII. Carlos III, Rey de España (1716-1788). Núm. de identificación: CCPB000278495-5…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- List of Contributors xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- 1 Introduction 1 / Tuomas Virtanen, Rita Singh, Bhiksha Raj -- 1.1 Scope of the Book 1 -- 1.2 Outline 2 -- 1.3 Notation 4 -- Part One FOUNDATIONS -- 2 The Basics of Automatic Speech Recognition 9 / Rita Singh, Bhiksha Raj, Tuomas Virtanen -- 2.1 Introduction 9 -- 2.2 Speech Recognition Viewed as Bayes Classification 10 -- 2.3 Hidden Markov Models 11 -- 2.3.1 Computing Probabilities with HMMs 12 -- 2.3.2 Determining the State Sequence 17 -- 2.3.3 Learning HMM Parameters 19 -- 2.3.4 Additional Issues Relating to Speech Recognition Systems 20 -- 2.4 HMM-Based Speech Recognition 24 -- 2.4.1 Representing the Signal 24 -- 2.4.2 The HMM for a Word Sequence 25 -- 2.4.3 Searching through all Word Sequences 26 -- References 29 -- 3 The Problem of Robustness in Automatic Speech Recognition 31 / Bhiksha Raj, Tuomas Virtanen, Rita Singh -- 3.1 Errors in Bayes Classification 31 -- 3.1.1 Type 1 Condition: Mismatch Error 33 -- 3.1.2 Type 2 Condition: Increased Bayes Error 34 -- 3.2 Bayes Classification and ASR 35 -- 3.2.1 All We Have is a Model: A Type 1 Condition 35 -- 3.2.2 Intrinsic Interferences - Signal Components that are Unrelated to the Message: A Type 2 Condition 36 -- 3.2.3 External Interferences - The Data are Noisy: Type 1 and Type 2 Conditions 36 -- 3.3 External Influences on Speech Recordings 36 -- 3.3.1 Signal Capture 37 -- 3.3.2 Additive Corruptions 41 -- 3.3.3 Reverberation 42 -- 3.3.4 A Simplified Model of Signal Capture 43 -- 3.4 The Effect of External Influences on Recognition 44 -- 3.5 Improving Recognition under Adverse Conditions 46 -- 3.5.1 Handling the Model Mismatch Error 46 -- 3.5.2 Dealing with Intrinsic Variations in the Data 47 -- 3.5.3 Dealing with Extrinsic Variations 47 -- References 50 -- Part Two SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT -- 4 Voice Activity Detection, Noise Estimation, and Adaptive Filters for Acoustic Signal Enhancement 53 / Rainer Martin, Dorothea Kolossa -- 4.1 Introduction 53 -- 4.2 Signal Analysis and Synthesis 55.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…XVII-Legislación. Precios-España-S. XVII-Legislacion. …”

“…In questo ambito, insieme ad altre importanti figure femminili della Chiesa di Oriente, non possono non essere menzionate due grandi sante della Chiesa di Occidente, Ildegarda di Bingen e Brigida di Svezia, e Isabella Leonarda, religiosa novarese, vissuta nel XVII secolo. Nei secoli XVI, XVII e metà del XVIII, infatti, pur in un clima non sempre favorevole, fiorì un repertorio musicale legato ai monasteri e ai conventi femminili, un repertorio parallelo e paragonabile per qualità a quello profano. …”

“…Their publications in this field have appeared in books and international peer-reviewed journals, such as, for example, their article 'The Islamic Statute of the Mudejars in the Light of a New Source' (Al-Qantara XVII, 1996)"--…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Preface xvii -- Acknowledgment xix -- 1 Public Safety Networks from TETRA to Commercial Cellular Networks 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 Evaluation of TETRA and TETRAPOL 3 -- 1.3 Understanding TETRA Modes of Operation 4 -- 1.3.1 TETRA Security 4 -- 1.3.2 Evaluating the Challenge of Data Transmission and Possible Solutions on TETRA Networks 5 -- 1.3.3 Comparing Public Safety Networks to the Commercial Cellular Networks 6 -- 1.3.3.1 Services 6 -- 1.3.3.2 Networks 6 -- 1.3.4 How to Overcome These Differences 7 -- 1.3.4.1 Limitations of TETRA 7 -- 1.3.4.2 Need for Broadband 8 -- 1.4 Unifying the Two Worlds of Public Safety Networks and Commercial Networks 8 -- 1.4.1 User Requirements 8 -- 1.4.2 Public Safety Network Migration 9 -- 1.4.3 Deployment Models 9 -- 1.5 The Transition from TETRA to LTE and the Current Initiatives 10 -- 1.5.1 Network Softwarization 10 -- 1.5.2 LTE Technology for Public Safety Communications 10 -- 1.5.3 LTE as a Public Safety Mobile Broadband Standard 11 -- 1.5.4 Security Enhancements for Public Safety LTE Features 11 -- 1.6 Conclusion 12 -- References 12 -- 2 Public Safety Networks Evolution Toward Broadband and Interoperability 15 -- 2.1 Introduction 15 -- 2.1.1 Communication Technology 15 -- 2.1.2 Wireless Communication Systems 16 -- 2.1.3 Government Involvement 17 -- 2.2 Evolution to Broadband Systems 18 -- 2.2.1 Determining Factors 19 -- 2.2.2 Evolution Process 21 -- 2.2.3 Broadband System Architecture 22 -- 2.2.4 Advantages of Broadband Systems 25 -- 2.3 Interoperability 28 -- 2.3.1 Developing an Interoperability Public Safety System 28 -- 2.3.2 Platform and Technology 29 -- 2.3.3 Benefits of Evolution 32 -- 2.4 Conclusion 33 -- 2.5 Recommendations 34 -- References 35 -- 3 Public Safety Communication Evolution 37 -- 3.1 Introduction 37 -- 3.1.1 Public Safety Network and Emergency Communication Networks 37 -- 3.2 Public Safety Standardization 39 -- 3.3 Evolution of Public Safety Communication 39 -- 3.3.1 Mission-Critical Voice 40 -- 3.3.2 Mission-Critical Data 41.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- About the Authors xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xix -- 1 Introduction to Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 A Brief History of the Access Network 2 -- 1.3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) 3 -- 1.3.1 DSL Technologies and Their Evolution 3 -- 1.3.2 DSL System Technologies 5 -- 1.4 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial Cable (HFC) 5 -- 1.5 Power Line Communications (PLC) 6 -- 1.6 Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 7 -- 1.7 Wireless Broadband Access 10 -- 1.8 Direct Point-to-Point Connections 12 -- Appendix 1.A: Voiceband Modems 12 -- 2 Introduction to Fiber Optic Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 15 -- 2.1 Introduction 15 -- 2.2 A Brief History of Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 16 -- 2.3 Introduction to PON Systems 18 -- 2.3.1 PON System Overview 18 -- 2.3.2 PON Protocol Evolution 19 -- 2.4 FITL Technology Considerations 21 -- 2.4.1 Optical Components 21 -- 2.4.2 Powering the Loop 22 -- 2.4.3 System Power Savings 23 -- 2.4.4 PON Reach Extension 25 -- 2.5 Introduction to PON Network Protection 30 -- 2.5.1 Background on Network Protection 31 -- 2.5.2 PON Facility Protection 31 -- 2.5.3 OLT Function Protection 35 -- 2.5.4 ONU Protection 40 -- 2.5.5 Conclusions Regarding Protection 42 -- 2.6 Conclusions 42 -- Appendix 2.A: Subscriber Power Considerations 43 -- References 43 -- Further Reading 43 -- 3 IEEE Passive Optical Networks 45 -- 3.1 Introduction 45 -- 3.2 IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet-based PON (EPON) 45 -- 3.2.1 EPON Physical Layer 46 -- 3.2.2 Signal Formats 46 -- 3.2.3 MAC Protocol 48 -- 3.2.4 Encryption and Security 49 -- 3.2.5 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 50 -- 3.2.6 ONU Discovery and Activation 51 -- 3.2.7 ONU Ranging Mechanism 52 -- 3.2.8 EPON OAM 52 -- 3.2.9 Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) 53 -- 3.3 IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet-based PON (10G EPON) 54 -- 3.3.1 10G EPON Physical Layer 54 -- 3.3.2 Signal Format 58 -- 3.3.3 MAC Protocol 59 -- 3.3.4 Forward Error Correction 59 -- 3.3.5 ONU Discovery and Activation 61.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…DE LAS COSAS QUE HIZO FRANCISCO DE VILLAGRA DESPUÉS QUE SUPO LA MUERTE DE VALDIVIA, Y DE CÓMO YÉNDOLA A CASTIGAR LO DESBARATARON LOS INDIOS -- CAPÍTULO XVII. DE CÓMO FRANCISCO DE VILLAGRA DESPOBLÓ LA CIUDAD DE LA CONCEBICIÓN, Y LAS CAUSAS QUE LE MOVIERON -- CAPÍTULO XVIII. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Jurisdicción real-Pleitos-España-S. XVII. Órdenes militares-Pleitos-S. XVI…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Pocesos civiles-Asturias-S.XVII. Núm. de identificación: CCPB000447140-7…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Preface xvii -- Acronyms xix -- Notation xxiii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Background and Context 1 -- 1.1.1 Early Exploration of Underwater Acoustics 1 -- 1.1.2 Underwater Communication Media 2 -- 1.1.3 Underwater Systems and Networks 3 -- 1.2 UWA Channel Characteristics 3 -- 1.2.1 Sound Velocity 3 -- 1.2.2 Propagation Loss 5 -- 1.2.3 Time-Varying Multipath 7 -- 1.2.4 Acoustic Propagation Models 10 -- 1.2.5 Ambient Noise and External Interference 11 -- 1.3 Passband Channel Input / Output Relationship 11 -- 1.3.1 Linear Time-Varying Channel with Path-Specific Doppler Scales 12 -- 1.3.2 Linear Time-Varying Channels with One Common Doppler Scale 13 -- 1.3.3 Linear Time-Invariant Channel 13 -- 1.3.4 Linear Time-Varying Channel with Both Amplitude and Delay Variations 14 -- 1.3.5 Linear Time-Varying Channel with Frequency-Dependent Attenuation 15 -- 1.4 Modulation Techniques for UWA Communications 15 -- 1.4.1 Frequency Hopped FSK 15 -- 1.4.2 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 16 -- 1.4.3 Single Carrier Modulation 17 -- 1.4.4 Sweep-Spread Carrier (S2C) Modulation 18 -- 1.4.5 Multicarrier Modulation 18 -- 1.4.6 Multi-Input Multi-Output Techniques 19 -- 1.4.7 Recent Developments on Underwater Acoustic Communications 20 -- 1.5 Organization of the Book 20 -- 2 OFDMBasics 23 -- 2.1 Zero-Padded OFDM 23 -- 2.1.1 Transmitted Signal 23 -- 2.1.2 Receiver Processing 26 -- 2.2 Cyclic-Prefixed OFDM 27 -- 2.2.1 Transmitted Signal 27 -- 2.2.2 Receiver Processing 28 -- 2.3 OFDM Related Issues 28 -- 2.3.1 ZP-OFDM versus CP-OFDM 28 -- 2.3.2 Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio 29 -- 2.3.3 Power Spectrum and Bandwidth 29 -- 2.3.4 Subcarrier Assignment 30 -- 2.3.5 Overall Data Rate 30 -- 2.3.6 Design Guidelines 31 -- 2.4 Implementation via Discrete Fourier Transform 31 -- 2.5 Challenges and Remedies for OFDM 32 -- 2.5.1 Benefits of Diversity Combining and Channel Coding 33 -- 2.6 MIMO OFDM 36 -- 2.7 Bibliographical Notes 38 -- 3 Nonbinary LDPC Coded OFDM 39 -- 3.1 Channel Coding for OFDM 39 -- 3.1.1 Channel Coding 39.…”