Tabla de Contenidos: “…Increasing the supply of digital and entrepreneurial skills in rural regions -- Fostering apprenticeship training and employer-led opportunities -- Strengthening university hubs for skills upgrading -- Networks and linkages for innovation -- Territorial scale: Transforming rural innovation for better outcomes for people -- Promoting digital infrastructure and connectivity -- Developing innovation networks through clusters and smart specialisation -- Sustaining university networks for innovation -- Investing in innovation and internationalisation -- Facilitating access to finance -- Supporting internationalisation and export markets -- Creating initiatives to support capacity building and encouraging experimentation in rural SMEs -- Conclusions -- References -- Notes -- 4 Social innovation in rural Scotland -- Socio-cultural context and behaviours -- Scotland faces a number of distinctive challenges that make social innovation relevant especially in rural areas -- Scotland has good socio-cultural preconditions for thriving social innovation -- The legal framework around social innovation -- Social Innovation is a known term but its interpretation might vary across Scotland -- Social innovation can be fostered through a variety of legal entity forms in Scotland -- Policy framework around social innovation -- There is a wide range of policies that support social innovation in Scotland -- Implementation of social innovation policies in Scotland tends to be decentralised and not a single institution has a specific mandate to deal with social innovation -- Community Planning Partnership network could play a role as a feedback mechanism around policy implementation in Scotland -- The lack of a centralised point of information around social innovation could hinder some opportunities and growth potential…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Understanding other properties of sound -- Exploring Unity's audio system -- Preparing the VR drum scene and adding sound effects -- Setting up and preparing your VR drum scene -- Creating and importing 3D models for your VR drum scene -- Adding sound effects to your VR drum scene -- Understanding particle behavior and Unity's particle system -- Understanding the behavior of particles in the real world -- Exploring Unity's Particle System -- Adding particles to VR scenes with varying properties -- Initializing a Particle System in your VR drum scene -- Modifying the properties of the Particle System in your VR drum scene -- Scripting fog appearance on collision for your VR drum scene -- Summary…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Insurance-based incentives vary in scope and form depending on legal and policy contexts -- 4.5.2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…PROCEDURE -- BOX PLOTS PROCEDURE -- BOX PLOTS EXAMPLE -- BOX PLOTS EXERCISE -- MULTI-VARI ANALYSIS -- BACKGROUND -- PROCEDURE EXAMPLE -- EXAMPLE -- EXERCISE -- HYPOTHESIS TESTING INTERVALS -- BACKGROUND -- BACKGROUND CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM (CLT) -- BACKGROUND -- WHAT IS HYPOTHESIS TESTING? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Gestures for a Wide Shot -- Gestures as a Retention Tool -- The Role of Off-Camera Movement -- Posture Pointers -- Standing While on Camera -- The Metronome Effect -- Going for a Walk -- Sitting While on Camera -- Crossed Legs -- Leaning In or Out -- Step In to Start -- Making Eye Contact When You Can't See Your Audience -- Look Away -- Performance Pitfalls: Eye Contact Errors -- Vary Your Angle -- Look Up -- Chapter Takeaways -- Notes -- Section Three Ready to Wear . . . or Not -- Chapter 6 Looking the Part-Wardrobe 101 -- Match Audience Expectations -- Boring Is Best -- Spin the Color Wheel -- Special Consideration: Green-Screen Shoots -- Solids: A Solid Choice -- Putting on the Pounds -- Dress Right for the Mic -- Pack Placement -- Microphone Placement -- Jewelry Jukebox and Light Show -- Your Fifth Appendage: A Smartphone -- Additional Considerations for Men -- Sock Style -- The Uniform Look -- To Button or Not to Button? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Foster societal, technological and environmental transformations -- Reduce structural disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic -- Favour the transition towards greener and smarter cities -- References -- Notes -- 5 Measuring the Role of Housing in the Distribution of Wealth -- Quantify the importance of housing wealth in household balance sheets -- Housing represents the largest asset in household portfolios -- Housing debt is the largest liability in household portfolios -- Analyse the link between housing and wealth inequality -- Housing tenure varies largely across countries -- Housing features prominently in household balance sheets -- Weigh opportunities and risks of housing debt -- Access to mortgage debt is a key driver of homeownership -- High housing debt exposes households to financial vulnerabilities -- References -- Notes -- 6 Lifting Obstacles to Residential Mobility -- Do not hinder residential mobility -- Housing matters for mobility and homeowners are much less mobile than renters -- Embrace policies that favour residential mobility -- Reduce housing transaction costs -- Remove bottlenecks to responsive housing supply -- Reform excessively rigid rental market regulations -- Invest in social housing -- References -- Notes -- 7 Reconciling Housing and the Environment -- Recognise the strong environmental impact of housing -- Identify policies that lead to improvements in environmental quality and housing affordability -- Environmentally related construction practices and energy efficiency measures affect construction and maintenance costs -- Environmentally related transport policies affect both demand and supply of housing -- Anticipate the impact of housing policies on the environment…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Quality of education varies a lot by municipality and region, and is correlated with income -- Figure 2.8. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 1.5 SUMMARY -- 1.6 PROBLEMS -- Chapter 2 Semiconductor Devices from a Circuit-Theoretic Standpoint -- 2.1 LINEAR CIRCUIT ELEMENTS -- 2.1.1 Linear Resistors -- 2.1.2 Linear Capacitors -- 2.1.3 Linear Inductors -- 2.2 NONLINEAR CIRCUIT ELEMENTS -- 2.2.1 Nonlinear Resistors -- 2.2.2 Nonlinear Capacitors and Inductors -- 2.3 TIME-INVARIANT AND TIME-VARYING CIRCUIT ELEMENTS -- 2.4 MULTITERMINAL ELEMENTS AND CONTROLLED SOURCES -- 2.5 TRANSISTORS -- 2.6 CIRCUIT-THEORETIC POSITIONING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES -- 2.7 SUMMARY -- 2.8 PROBLEMS -- Chapter 3 Waves in Periodic Structures -- 3.1 ANALOGIES IN PHYSICS -- 3.1.1 Commonality of Mathematical Structures -- 3.1.2 Overview of the Chapter -- 3.2 PROPERTIES OF PERIODIC NETWORKS -- 3.2.1 Infinitely Long Ladder Networks -- 3.2.2 Infinitely Long LC Ladders -- 3.2.3 Lossless Transmission Lines -- 3.2.4 Periodic Networks with a Finite Number of Repetitions -- 3.2.5 Kronig-Penney Model -- 3.3 DISPERSION RELATION AND PHASE AND GROUP VELOCITIES -- 3.3.1 Dispersion Relation -- 3.3.2 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity -- 3.3.3 Calculation of the Dispersion Relation -- 3.4 DISPERSION RELATION AND PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS -- 3.5 BRAGG REFLECTION -- 3.6 SUMMARY -- 3.7 PROBLEMS -- Chapter 4 Physics of Semiconductors in Equilibrium…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Machine generated contents note: Preface Introduction I Fundamentals of Multivariate Statistical Process Control 1 Motivation for Multivariate Statistical Process Control 1.1 Summary of Statistical Process Control 1.1.1 Roots and Evolution of Statistical Process Control 1.1.2 Principles of Statistical Process Control 1.1.3 Hypothesis Testing, Type I and II errors 1.2 Why Multivariate Statistical Process Control 1.2.1 Statistically Uncorrelated Variables 1.2.2 Perfectly Correlated Variables 1.2.3 Highly Correlated Variables 1.2.4 Type I and II Errors and Dimension Reduction 1.3 Tutorial Session 2 Multivariate Data Modeling Methods 2.1 Principal Component Analysis 2.1.1 Assumptions for Underlying Data Structure 2.1.2 Geometric Analysis of Data Structure 2.1.3 A Simulation Example 2.2 Partial Least Squares 2.2.1 Assumptions for Underlying Data Structure 2.2.2 Deflation Procedure for Estimating Data Models 2.2.3 A Simulation Example 2.3 Maximum Redundancy Partial Least Squares 2.3.1 Assumptions for Underlying Data Structure 2.3.2 Source Signal Estimation 2.3.3 Geometric Analysis of Data Structure 2.3.4 A Simulation Example 2.4 Estimating the Number of Source Signals 2.4.1 Stopping Rules for PCA Models 2.4.2 Stopping Rules for PLS Models 2.5 Tutorial Session 3 Process Monitoring Charts 3.1 Fault Detection 3.1.1 Scatter Diagrams 3.1.2 Nonnegative Quadratic Monitoring Statistics 3.2 Fault Isolation and Identification 3.2.1 Contribution Charts 3.2.2 Residual-Based Tests 3.2.3 Variable Reconstruction 3.3 Geometry of Variable Projections 3.3.1 Linear Dependency of Projection Residuals 3.3.2 Geometric Analysis of Variable Reconstruction 3.4 Tutorial Session II Application Studies 4 Application to a Chemical Reaction Process 4.1 Process Description 4.2 Identification of a Monitoring Model 4.3 Diagnosis of a Fault Condition 5 Application to a Distillation Process 5.1 Process Description 5.2 Identification of a Monitoring Model 5.3 Diagnosis of a Fault Condition III Advances in Multivariate Statistical Process Control 6 Further Modeling Issues 6.1 Accuracy of Estimating PCA Models 6.1.1 Revisiting the Eigendecomposition of Sz0z0 6.1.2 Two Illustrative Examples 6.1.3 Maximum Likelihood PCA for Known Sgg 6.1.4 Maximum Likelihood PCA for Unknown Sgg 6.1.5 A Simulation Example 6.1.6 A Stopping Rule for Maximum Likelihood PCA Models 6.1.7 Properties of Model and Residual Subspace Estimates 6.1.8 Application to a Chemical Reaction Process - Revisited 6.2 Accuracy of Estimating PLS Models 6.2.1 Bias and Variance of Parameter Estimation 6.2.2 Comparing Accuracy of PLS and OLS Regression Models 6.2.3 Impact of Error-in-Variables Structure upon PLS Models 6.2.4 Error-in-Variable Estimate for Known See 6.2.5 Error-in-Variable Estimate for Unknown See 6.2.6 Application to a Distillation Process - Revisited 6.3 Robust Model Estimation 6.3.1 Robust Parameter Estimation 6.3.2 Trimming Approaches 6.4 Small Sample Sets 6.5 Tutorial Session 7 Monitoring Multivariate Time-Varying Processes 7.1 Problem Analysis 7.2 Recursive Principal Component Analysis 7.3 MovingWindow Principal Component Analysis 7.3.1 Adapting the Data Correlation Matrix 7.3.2 Adapting the Eigendecomposition 7.3.3 Computational Analysis of the Adaptation Procedure 7.3.4 Adaptation of Control Limits 7.3.5 Process Monitoring using an Application Delay 7.3.6 MinimumWindow Length 7.4 A Simulation Example 7.4.1 Data Generation 7.4.2 Application of PCA 7.4.3 Utilizing MWPCA based on an Application Delay 7.5 Application to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit 7.5.1 Process Description 7.5.2 Data Generation 7.5.3 Pre-analysis of Simulated Data 7.5.4 Application of PCA 7.5.5 Application of MWPCA 7.6 Application to a Furnace Process 7.6.1 Process Description 7.6.2 Description of Sensor Bias 7.6.3 Application of PCA 7.6.4 Utilizing MWPCA based on an Application Delay 7.7 Adaptive Partial Least Squares 7.7.1 Recursive Adaptation of Sx0x0 and Sx0y0 7.7.2 MovingWindow Adaptation of Sv0v0 and Sv0y0 7.7.3 Adapting The Number of Source Signals 7.7.4 Adaptation of the PLS Model 7.8 Tutorial Session 8 Monitoring Changes in Covariance Structure 8.1 Problem Analysis 8.1.1 First Intuitive Example 8.1.2 Generic Statistical Analysis 8.1.3 Second Intuitive Example 8.2 Preliminary Discussion of Related Techniques 8.3 Definition of Primary and Improved Residuals 8.3.1 Primary Residuals for Eigenvectors 8.3.2 Primary Residuals for Eigenvalues 8.3.3 Comparing both Types of Primary Residuals 8.3.4 Statistical Properties of Primary Residuals 8.3.5 Improved Residuals for Eigenvalues 8.4 Revisiting the Simulation Examples in Section 8.1 8.4.1 First Simulation Example 8.4.2 Second Simulation Example 8.5 Fault Isolation and Identification 8.5.1 Diagnosis of Step-Type Fault Conditions 8.5.2 Diagnosis of General Deterministic Fault Conditions 8.5.3 A Simulation Example 8.6 Application Study to a Gearbox System 8.6.1 Process Description 8.6.2 Fault Description 8.6.3 Identification of a Monitoring Model 8.6.4 Detecting a Fault Condition 8.7 Analysis of Primary and Improved Residuals 8.7.1 Central Limit Theorem 8.7.2 Further Statistical Properties of Primary Residuals 8.7.3 Sensitivity of Statistics based on Improved Residuals 8.8 Tutorial Session IV Description of Modeling Methods 9 Principal Component Analysis 9.1 The Core Algorithm 9.2 Summary of the PCA Algorithm 9.3 Properties of a PCA Model 10 Partial Least Squares 10.1 Preliminaries 10.2 The Core Algorithm 10.3 Summary of the PLS Algorithm10.4 Properties of PLS 10.5 Properties of Maximum Redundancy PLS References Index…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Human-Induced Landslide -- Soil Erosion: Meaning and Factors -- Nature of the Problem -- Kinds of Soil Erosion -- Agents of Soil Erosion -- Frightening Position of Soil Erosion in India -- Some Effects of Soil Erosion -- Desertification: Meaning, Concept and Causes -- Meaning of Desertification -- Causes of Desertification -- Concept of Desertification -- Causes of Desertification -- Individual's Rule in Conservation of Natural Resources -- Meaning of Conservation -- Need for Conservation -- Objectives of Conservation -- Categories of Conservation -- Individual's Role in Conservation of Natural Resources -- Methods of Conservation -- Equitable use if Resources for Sustainable to Lifestyle -- Introduction -- Methods for Equitable Use of Resources -- Questions -- Chapter 3: Eco-systems -- Ecology and Eco-system -- Ecology -- Eco-system -- Historical Background -- General Characteristics of an Eco-system -- Structure of an Eco-system -- Meaning of Structure -- Nature and Function of Structure of Eco-system -- Ecological Pyramids -- The Importance of Ecological Pyramids -- Functions of an Eco-system -- Decomposers -- Process of Decomposition -- Functions of Decomposition -- Decomposers with Varying Relations -- Energy: Its Flow in the Eco-system -- Definition of Energy -- Kinds of Energy -- Single Channel Energy Model -- Y-shaped Energy Flow Model or the Two Channel Energy Flow Model -- Ecological Succession: Meaning and Types -- Meaning of Succession -- Meaning of Ecological Succession -- Common Attributes of Ecological Succession -- Succession: General Process, Climax -- General Process -- The Climax -- Succession in Various Habitats -- Food Chain: Meaning and Types -- The Process of Food Chain -- Steps in Food Chain -- Cycle in Food Chain -- Simple Food Chain -- Types of Food Chain…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…How brands can addressthe associated problems? -- Satisfaction varies across products/services and target segments -- Opinion Leaders as Thought Leaders -- Why is opinion leadership topical? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Technology and Development -- The Contribution of Technology -- Managing Technology for Development -- Integrating Technology with Business -- Technology in Developing Countries -- Technology Acquisition and Protection -- Technology Transfer -- The Need for Technology Transfer -- Forms of Technology Transfer -- Innovations -- Varying Research and Development Budgets -- Technical Cooperation and India's Capabilities -- India and the Global Knowledge Market -- Summary -- Notes -- Key Words -- Discussion Questions -- Suggested Readings -- Chapter 6: Human Resource Development -- Evolution -- What is Human Resource Development? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 4: Software Quality Attributes -- Quality attributes -- External or internal -- Quality attributes and the SDLC -- Testing quality attributes -- Maintainability -- Types of software maintenance -- Corrective maintenance -- Perfective maintenance -- Adaptive maintenance -- Preventive maintenance -- Modifiability -- Extensibility and flexibility -- Scope of modifications -- Designing for maintainability -- Reducing size -- Increasing cohesion -- Reducing coupling -- Measuring maintainability -- Lines of code (LOC) -- Cyclomatic complexity -- Depth of inheritance tree (DIT) -- Usability -- Allowing users to complete their tasks efficiently -- Learnability -- Providing useful feedback -- Accessibility -- Usability needs to be considered during requirements -- Usability testing -- Appealing visual design -- Providing a good help system -- Software must be useful, and not just usable -- Availability -- Calculating availability based on time -- Calculating availability based on request success rate -- Faults, errors, and failures -- Detecting faults -- Ping/echo reply -- Heartbeat -- Timestamp -- Voting -- Sanity test/sanity checking -- Condition monitoring -- Self-tests -- Recovering from faults -- Exception handling -- Retry strategy -- Varying levels of redundancy -- Rollback -- Graceful degradation -- Ignoring faulty behavior -- Preventing faults -- Removal from service -- Transactions -- Increasing competence sets -- Exception prevention -- Portability -- Adaptability -- Installability -- Replaceability -- Internationalization and localization -- Maintaining portability -- Interoperability -- Challenges with interoperability -- Locating and exchanging information with another system -- Interoperability standards -- Interoperability testing -- Testability -- Controllability -- Observability -- Isolability -- Automatability…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Section 1 General considerations for psychiatric care in the emergency department -- Chapter 1 The magnitude of the problem of psychiatric illness presenting in the emergency department -- Introduction -- Global burden -- Prevalence -- Extent of mental illness across the life cycle -- Social and physical health impacts -- Economic burden: United States -- Changes in mental healthcare infrastructure -- Overall emergency department visits -- Increased mental health visits to emergency departments -- The epidemiology of mental health visits to emergency departments -- Specific mental disorders -- Anxiety disorders -- Panic disorder -- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) -- Generalized anxiety disorder -- Phobic disorders -- Mood disorders -- -- Major depression -- Bipolar disorder -- Dysthymic disorder -- Suicidal behavior -- Substance use disorders -- -- Alcohol abuse or dependence -- Drug abuse or dependence -- Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders -- Eating disorders -- Impulse control disorders -- Personality (Axis II) disorders -- Miscellaneous/occult mental health disorders -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Delivery models of emergency psychiatric care -- Introduction -- Development of psychiatry in emergency settings -- Goals of psychiatric care in varied emergency settings -- Exclude medical etiologies for symptoms -- Rapid stabilization of the acute crisis -- Avoid coercion, treat in the least restrictive setting, form a therapeutic alliance -- Appropriate disposition and aftercare plan -- Models of emergency psychiatry delivery -- Psychiatric consultant in a medical emergency department -- Pros and cons -- Types of mental health consultants in the ED -- Dedicated mental health wing of medical emergency department -- Pros and cons…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Hadfield A Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Model for the Waipaoa Shelf, New Zealand: Sensitivity of Fluxes to Spatially-Varying Erodibility and Model Nesting Reprinted from: J. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Active Disturbance Rejection Control -- The Experiment -- Study Preparation -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Industrial Robots -- Research on Modular Design of Perpendicular Jointed Industrial Robots -- Introduction -- Modular Division and Conceptual Design -- Subdivision and Detailed Design of Execute Module -- Conclusions -- References -- Online Path Planning for Industrial Robots in Varying Environments Using the Curve Shortening Flow Method -- Introduction -- Problem -- State of the Art -- Curve Shortening Flow Method -- Basic Principle -- Equation -- Numerical Solution -- Extension to Three Dimensions -- Results -- Summary and Outlook -- References -- Parallel-Populations Genetic Algorithm for the Optimization of Cubic Polynomial Joint Trajectories for Industrial Robots -- Introduction -- Formulation of Cubic Polynomial Joint Trajectory -- PGA1 Formulation -- PGA2 Formulation -- Optimization Technique Using GA -- Application Examples -- Example 1: Comparison with lin83 and tse98 -- Example 2: With Dynamic Constraints -- Conclusions -- References -- Robotics Assembly Applications -- Integrative Path Planning and Motion Control for Handling Large Components -- Introduction -- Motivation -- Path Planning and Motion Control for Robots -- Integrative Path Planning and Control Concept -- Implementation -- Application -- Summary and Outlook -- References -- Automatic Configuration of Robot Systems - Upward and Downward Integration -- Introduction -- Scope of the Paper -- Existing Approaches -- Conceptual Design -- Paradigm Shift -- Characteristics of Modules -- Function Modelling -- Experimental Setup -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Process and Human Safety in Human-Robot-Interaction - A Hybrid Assistance System for Welding Applications -- Introduction…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Objects and Access Policies -- Name Servers -- Storage Servers -- Implementation -- Client -- Name Server -- Storage Server -- Applications -- Untrusted Storage Server -- Evaluation -- Application Performance -- Availability -- Related Work -- Conclusion -- References -- Storage and Performance Management -- Live Deduplication Storage of Virtual Machine Images in an Open-Source Cloud -- Introduction -- LiveDFS Design -- Primitives -- Deduplication Design -- Prefetching of Fingerprint Store -- Journaling -- LiveDFS Implementation and Deployment -- Experiments -- I/O Throughput -- OpenStack Deployment -- Related Work -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Scalable Load Balancing in Cluster Storage Systems -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Algorithms for Load Balancing -- Exact Solution: ILP Formulation -- Approximation -- Implementation of Ursa on Windows Azure -- Experiments -- Evaluation on Simulator -- Evaluation on Windows Azure -- Related Work -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Predico: A System for What-if Analysis in Complex Data Center Applications -- Introduction -- Background and Problem Formulation -- Modeling a Data Center Application -- Queuing Theoretic Node-Level Models -- Workload Models -- Model Composition: From Node-Level to System-Level Models -- Answering What-if Queries -- On-the-Fly Model Construction Using the Influence Graph -- Query Execution Using Change Propagation -- Predico Implementation -- Posing What-if Queries in Predico -- Prototype Implementation -- Experimental Evaluation -- Experimental Setup -- Accuracy of Node-Level Resource Usage and Latency Models -- Accuracy of Node-Level Workload Models -- Accuracy of System-Level Models with Increasing Composition Depth -- Accuracy of System-Level Models with Varying Topology -- Workload-Only What-If Analysis Case Study -- Related Work -- Conclusions…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Keynesian Aggregate Supply -- Friedman on Mistaken Expectations -- Cyclical Unemployment and the Output Gap -- Unemployment and Wages in India -- The Static Phillips Curve -- The Dynamic Phillips Curve -- Summary -- Notes -- Test Youself -- Online Application -- The Mistaken Expectations Aggregate Supply Curve -- Separability Between Aggregate Demand and Supply -- The IS-LM Model -- Walras' Law -- Nominal Versus Real Rate of Interest -- The IS Curve -- Parametric Shifts of the IS Curve -- Slope of the IS Curve -- The LM Curve -- Impact of Varying the Money Supply -- Slope of the LM Curve -- IS and LM -Fiscal and Monetary Policy -- Interest Rate Targets and Monetary Policy -- Crowding Out -- Fiscalist and Monetarist Intervention -- Zero Interest Rates and Macro Policy in Japan -- IS-LM in India -- Ricardian Equivalence -- Summary -- Notes -- Test Yourself -- Online Application -- IS-LM in Japan -- Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply -- The Aggregate Demand Curve -- AD-AS Equilibrium in the Keynesian Case -- Fiscal Policy and Working Capital -- AD and the Mistaken Expectations Aggregate Supply -- Policy Lags -- Real Business Cycles -- Nominal Anchors and Intertemporal Policy Constraints -- Summray -- Notes -- Test Yourself -- Online Application -- The Aggregate Demand Curve -- More on Unemployment -- Shirking and Efficiency Wages -- The Long-Run and Staggered Wage Setting -- Staggered Wage Contracts…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Hashing in E-Commerce -- 18.1: The Varied Applications of Cryptography -- 18.2: Authentication -- 18.3: The Need for Certificates -- 18.4: Cryptographic Hash Functions -- 18.5: X.509 Certificates and CCIT Standardization…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…An augmented gravity model is deployed -- Data on the domestic share of value added provide a detailed look at GVCs -- Heterogeneous sector effects -- Empirical model -- Data -- Results -- Only dirty sectors move part of gross exports to pollution havens -- The domestic share of value added is affected for both dirty and clean sectors -- Economic significance for the domestic share of exports is larger than for net exports but the overall effect is small compared to other trade determinants -- Robustness checks -- Conclusion -- Dirty industries face a competitive disadvantage, clean industries a competitive advantage -- The detailed design of environmental policies is not captured -- A good policy setting could help clean sectors gain competitiveness -- Delaying environmental efforts risks masking competitiveness losses of dirty sectors -- Joint global climate commitments should be supplemented with agreements for clean technology transfers -- Notes -- References -- 7 The European Union Emissions Trading System and its economic and environmental impacts -- Background -- The largest emissions trading system in the world -- Emissions cap and verified emissions decreased over time -- Pollution Haven and Porter Hypothesis - the theory is ambiguous -- Empirical studies on the EU ETS focused on either economic or environmental outcomes so far -- Contribution of this study - first comprehensive study of environmental and economic effects of the EU ETS -- Empirical set-up -- Causal analysis using a difference-in-difference approach -- Empirical model -- Data -- Results -- The EU ETS led to emission reductions, while firm performance was largely unaffected -- The effects of the EU ETS are heterogeneous across sectors and vary with the number of free allowances granted -- Robustness checks -- Conclusion…”