“…It describes and evaluates the intricate interplay between key factors in the science and politics of climate change, the strategy that has been followed, and the regretfully slow pace in getting to grips with the uncertainties that have prevented earlier action being taken. …”
Sumario

“…However, development of patient-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies remains challenging due to uncertainties regarding the assessment of the individual risk profile. …”

“…Along the way the treatment covers such crucial topics and issues as the following: scholarly analysis of the problems and uncertainties surrounding provisional measures, and their solutions in light of arbitral and judicial practice; the complex interaction of historical prejudices, political will, and business needs that impact the usefulness of provisional measures; choice of forum to seek provisional measures and the problems associated with such choice; complementary mechanisms to arbitration for interim protection of rights; standards of principles and procedures for the grant of provisional measures; and a comprehensive review of the arbitrators' power to grant provisional measures and court assistance to arbitration. …”
Sumario

“…Although the numbers are better for the two wars than for most earlier wars, gaps and uncertainties remain. States went to great lengths to record military casualties, but civilian fatalities often went uncounted, and figures were often deliberately obscured. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…and Foreign Exchange 288 7.4.4 Q Pricing and Multiple Risks 290 7.5 Options Pricing: Applications and Examples 292 7.5.1 Pricing Currency Options 293 7.5.2 Options and Martingale Pricing Relative to a Global Index 295 7.6 Spread and Two-Factor Options 296 7.6.1 Spread and Correlation Options 297 7.6.2 The Price and the Profit/Loss of a Foreign Investment 298 7.6.3 A Quanto Option 299 7.7 Optional Trading Strategies 300 7.7.1 The Protective Put and Foreign Trading 300 7.7.2 The Covered Call 303 7.8 The Greeks and Financial Risk Management 303 Appendix 7.A: Mathematical Review 304 7.A.1 Itô Calculus 305 7.A.2 The Feynman-Kac Formula 309 7.A.3 Stochastic Integral and Quadratic Variations (Benhamou, 2007) 310 7.A.4 Pricing, the Radon-Nykodim Derivative and Girsanov Theorem 311 7.A.5 Reducing a Dependent Vector to be Independent 312 References 314 8 Credit Risk and International Debt 315 Motivation 315 8.1 Introduction 315 8.2 Growth of Debt and Debt Dependency 317 8.3 Foreign Exchange is a Credit Bestowed to a Sovereign Entity 321 8.4 Credit and Global Risks 323 8.4.1 Country-Specific Risks 323 8.4.2 Foreign Exchange Risks 324 8.4.3 Credit Trading and Currency, Sovereign Bond Risks, Currency Stability 326 8.5 Credit Risk, Credit Derivatives, and Credit Default Swaps 330 8.6 Swaps 332 8.6.1 A Definition and Types of Swaps 332 8.6.2 The Theoretical Q-Price of Spread Options 334 8.6.3 A Swaps Pot-pourri 335 8.7 Credit Default Swaps and Securitized Volatility 338 8.8 Pricing Credit Risk 340 8.8.1 Reduced-Form Models 342 8.8.2 Credit Price and Debt Leverage: An Example 343 8.8.3 Utility and Credit, Debt Leverage and Reimbursement at the Second Period 344 8.9 Debt, The Merton Model, and Default 347 8.9.1 The Merton Debt Model and Foreign Exchange 349 8.9.2 Market Pricing Debt and Credit Risk 350 8.9.3 Debt and Options: A Merton Continuous-Time Model 351 References 355 9 Globalization and Trade: A Changing World 358 Motivation 358 9.1 Introduction 358 9.1.1 Trade and Globalization: A Gated and Changing World 361 9.1.2 Trade and Comparative Risks 363 9.1.3 Inversion and Outsourcing 365 9.1.4 Trade and Risk Externalities 365 9.1.5 Globalization, Gating, and Strategic Trades 366 9.2 Tracking Trade and Globalization 368 9.3 Strategic Trade and Gating 375 9.3.1 Strategic Trade 375 9.3.2 Trade Models 377 9.4 A Multicountry Financial Consumption Utility 378 9.4.1 A One-Period Utility Model: The Consumption Demand Side 379 9.4.2 A One-Period Utility Model: The Supply Side 380 9.4.3 A One-Period Financialized Utility Cournot Model 384 9.4.4 The Cournot Multiperiod Financial Consumption 386 9.5 The Demand Sector and its Supply 388 9.6 Conclusions 390 References 391 10 Compliance and Financial Regulation 395 Motivation 395 10.1 Introduction 395 10.1.1 Regulation, Politics, and Geopolitics 397 10.1.2 Regulatory Risks, Finance, and Compliance 399 10.1.3 Regulation and Risks: Economic Literature 401 10.2 Regulation Risks 403 10.3 Regulation, Technology, and Compliance 405 10.3.1 Importance of Technology and Information 405 10.3.2 Regulation, Technology, and Complexity Risks 407 10.4 Statistical and Compliance Risks 407 10.4.1 Statistical Regulation and Compliance 409 10.4.2 Bernoulli Audits and Noncompliance 409 10.4.3 A Beta Probability Distribution of Noncompliance 410 10.4.4 Auditing a Bank for Compliance 410 10.4.5 The Persistent Regulator 411 10.4.6 The Beta Prime Model 412 10.4.7 The Logit and Beta Prime Compliance Models 414 10.5 A Multivariate Bernoulli Compliance and Audits 415 10.5.1 Bernoulli Compliance 415 10.5.2 Bernoulli and a Codependent Model 417 10.6 Regulation and Compliance Games 418 10.7 Satisficing Games and Regulation-Compliance 421 10.8 Conclusion 423 Appendix 10.A: Games, Risk and Uncertainty 423 Appendix 10.B: Concepts of Games and Risk 424 References 428 Index 000.…”

“…If we are to understand the nature of major risks and uncertainties in the world, we must look squarely at the political and economic dynamics of emerging states, such as China, India, Brazil, Russia, and ASEAN countries. …”

“…Parra concludes that more and far greater conflicts loom in the future, all driven by the dependence of the industrial world on the Middle East for oil, OPEC's volatile control over price, uncertainties in Russia and Central Asia and the growing hostility between "Islam and the West"."…”

“…An important role for policymakers in shaping the repopulation process in New Orleans will be to minimize the uncertainty faced by residents and businesses by speeding up the reconstruction process…”

“…Good In vitro Method Practices (GIVIMP) for the development and implementation of in vitro methods for regulatory use in human safety assessment aims to help reduce the uncertainties in cell and tissue-based in vitro method derived chemical safety predictions. …”

“…The topics discussed in this document include the strongest aspects and uncertainties of each case study, and the document identifies areas for developing further guidance on IATA…”

“…In the case of global public goods such as the climate, the political challenge is further complicated by the need to convince voters that domestic action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is worth taking, notwithstanding the cost and uncertainties regarding other countries’ commitments. …”

“…It also addressed uncertainties during a pandemic, such as trust, communication, and engagement and explored approaches to systematize recovery efforts to improve the ongoing responses and prepare for the next pandemic. …”

“…How can we reinvigorate the human capacity for political judgement as a practical activity capable of addressing the uncertainties of our postfoundational world? The book takes up this challenge by drawing on the historically attuned perspective of 20th-century philosophies of existence - in particular the work of Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus and Hannah Arendt. …”

“…If not properly implemented with care and a foundation of knowledge, blockchain brings risks and uncertainties to a company. Know your technology to be ready for the present and the future, and stay ahead of the curve. …”

“…This report discusses a wide range of issues about benefit-cost analysis, including the level of research rigor that should be met before results from an evaluation are used to estimate or predict outcomes in a cost-benefit analysis; best practices and methodologies for costing prevention interventions; prevention outcomes that currently lend themselves to monetization; processes and methodologies that should be used when linking prevention outcomes to avoided costs or increased revenues; and best methods for handling risk and uncertainty in estimates."--Publisher's description…”

“…Whatever your current financial situation, you must continue to strive for a viable retirement plan by finding the most effective ways to save, the best accounts to save in, and the right amount to save, as well as understanding how to insure against setbacks and handle the uncertainties of a shaky economy.Fortunately, the Bogleheads, a group of like-minded individual investors who follow the general investment and business beliefs of John C. …”

“…As well as assessing the post-Cold War uncertainties that challenged the balance and power within the region, Yahuda also examines the first decade of the new millennium which includes no let up on the'war on terror', new political administrations in all the key player-states and increased cooperative security between some nations, polarized by volatile relationships between others. …”
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“…Information Age militaries searching for a way to deal with the complexities, uncertainties, and risks associated with the 21st century security environment are discovering the virtues of agility, not only as a core competency in operations, but as a value metric for policy and investment decisions. …”

“…And she looks at the changing manhood of husbands who undertake transnational "egg quests"--set against the backdrop of war and economic uncertainty--out of devotion to the infertile wives they love. …”
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“…It sheds light on global uncertainties: China's search for energy resources and the employment of its huge population, Russia's fear of Chinese migration, and the precarious economic independence of Mongolia as its neighbours negotiate to extract its plentiful resources. …”