“…The total population of less than half a million inhabitants spans across almost 58 800 km2, with an economic output of USD 22 billion. Efforts to support collaboration at the border focus on the sector of tourism that both share, and which would be facilitated by the construction of one airport to serve both sides. …”

“…Estonia and Finland have centuries of collaboration, mainly between the capital areas of Tallinn and Helsinki that currently account for 2 million inhabitants and USD 76 billion in economic output. The entry of Estonia into the European Union and, since the mid-2000s, a two-hour ferry trip, have both facilitated flows of people and merchandise across the Gulf of Finland. …”

“…It has a population of around 710 000, across 55 000 km2 with an economic output of USD 31 billion. The Bothnian Arc collaboration was initiated by local authorities, with strong commitment of the mayors of the cities of Oulu and Luleå (300 kilometres apart). …”

“…The Top Technology Region/Eindhoven-Leuven-Aachen triangle (TTR-ELAt) is an initiative to support cross-border collaboration in a densely populated network of small and medium-sized cities located at the heart of western Europe with an annual economic output of USD 244 billion. The collaboration spans three countries, four science and technology policy regimes and six sub-regions. …”

“…Upfront investments totalling USD 600 billion would be required to halve the emissions intensity of oil and gas operations globally by 2030. …”

“…The island of Ireland, which includes both Ireland and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), is home to 6.4 million people and has a combined economic output of USD 205 billion. Several cross-border institutions were created in response to the 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement to recreate functional economic linkages across the border. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Annual average exchange rate: 1 USD = PLN -- 1 USD = EUR -- Executive summary -- The DAC's recommendations to Poland -- Highlights from the 2023 Development Co-operation Peer Review of Poland (infographic) -- Poland's development co-operation at a glance (infographic) -- Findings and recommendations -- Context -- Poland's political and economic context presents challenges and opportunities for its evolving development co-operation system -- Recent crises are severely impacting Poland's priority partner countries -- Fit-for-purpose institutional arrangements -- Poland's legal and strategic framework provide a foundation for a whole-of-government development co-operation effort -- The MFA's Department of Development Cooperation is responsible for steering Polish Aid, but its mandate and capacity to do so need reaffirming and strengthening -- Poland has an opportunity to reinvigorate and realign its evolving system to better deliver on its policy objectives -- As the Solidarity Fund evolves, clear roles and responsibilities will enable Poland to make the most of its unique strengths -- Human resources are a significant bottleneck and need investing in as a priority -- A more co-ordinated approach would also increase consistency between policy goals and promote policy coherence for development -- Poland's bilateral programme: Priorities and programming -- ODA volume has not reflected Poland's strong economic trajectory and continues to comprise a large share of in-donor costs at the expense of country programmable aid -- Increasing the geographic and thematic focus of Poland's small bilateral ODA budget would enhance quality and impact -- Ongoing reliance on annual projects limits Poland's ability to plan strategically in line with partner country priorities…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…3.5.2 Ergebnisse auf Basis der Kurssicherung über Forwards3.5.3 Ergebnisse weiterer Sicherungsstrategien im EUR/USD Währungsraum; 3.6 Zwischenresümee; 4 Conclusio und Ausblick; Anhang; Literaturverzeichnis…”

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