Tabla de Contenidos: “…Dépenses d'enseignement -- Marchés de produits -- Commerce international et intérieur -- Agriculture -- Électricité -- Transports aériens et ferroviaires -- Télécommunications, internet et commer ce électronique -- Nouvelles initiatives pour encourager la capacité de production et l'innovation -- Marchés financiers -- Le nouveau plan d'action -- Surveillance et réglementation -- Perspectives -- Secteur public -- Politique fiscale -- Tableau 16. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Demande et production : évolution récente et prévisions -- ... tirée par une forte expansion des transports et des commu nications -- Les services privés étayent une forte croissance et atténuent les effets du cycle de l'activité internationale -- Graphique 1. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Regulamentação do setor dos transportes -- Caixa 1.2. Concorrência nos portos -- Reforma do mercado de trabalho -- Figura 1.21. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 6.2.2 Anticipatory Experiences in the Energy Transition in Europe -- 6.2.3 Renewable Energy in Anticipatory Experiences -- 6.2.3.1 Renewable Energy in AEs: Some Examples -- Jühnde Bio Energy Village, Germany -- Peccioli, Italy -- Western Harbour, Malmo, Sweden -- Samsoe, Denmark -- BedZED, United Kingdom -- 6.2.4 Going Beyond Fossil Fuels in Anticipatory Experiences -- 6.3 THE GERMAN EXPERIENCE OF THE ENERGIEWENDE -- 6.3.1 Energy Policies and Support Mechanisms -- 6.3.1.1 Renewable Electricity Generation -- 6.3.1.2 Heat -- 6.3.1.3 Transport -- 6.3.2 Electricity Costs for Retail and Wholesale -- 6.3.2.1 Retail Pricing -- 6.3.2.2 Wholesale Pricing -- 6.3.3 Energy Security Implications of the Energiewende -- 6.3.4 Acceptance and Social Implications -- 6.4 THE ITALIAN EXPERIENCE WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY -- 6.4.1 Energy Policies and Support Mechanisms -- 6.4.2 Energy Costs for Retail and Wholesale -- 6.4.3 Energy Security Implications -- 6.4.4 Acceptance and Social Implications -- 6.5 COSTS, COMPETITIVENESS AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN EUROPEAN UNION ENERGY SECURITY POLICY -- 6.5.1 European Energy Transition -- 6.5.2 Energy Costs for Retail and Wholesale -- 6.5.2.1 Electricity -- 6.5.2.2 Natural Gas…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…8.4.2 Clay Nanoparticles -- 8.4.3 Carbon-Based Nanoparticles -- 8.5 Nanocomposites Production Processes -- 8.5.1 In Situ Polymerization -- 8.5.2 Solution Intercalation (Or Solution Blending) -- 8.5.3 Direct Mixing -- 8.5.4 Melt Compounding (High Shear Mixing) -- 8.5.5 Three Roll Milling -- 8.5.6 Dispersion Aids (Ultrasounds) -- 8.5.7 Solid-State Shear Processing -- 8.5.8 Combined Approaches -- 8.6 Structural and Functional Properties -- 8.6.1 Mechanical Behavior -- 8.6.2 Thermal Resistance -- 8.6.3 Transport Properties -- 8.6.4 Electrical Conductivity -- 8.6.5 Rheological Properties -- References -- 9 High-Performance Oil/Fuel-Resistant Blends of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) and Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Experimental -- 9.3 Result and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Optimization of Curing System for the ENR/EPDM Blends -- 9.3.2 Optimization of Blend Ratio for the ENR/EPDM Blends -- 9.3.3 Optimization of MAH Concentration for Maleation of EPDM -- 9.3.4 Characterization of ENR-MA-G-EPDM Blends -- 9.3.5 Optimization of Processing Temperature for ENR-MAG EPDM Blends -- 9.3.6 Compatibility Characteristics of ENR-MA-G-EPDM Blends -- 9.3.6.1 Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements in Solution -- 9.3.6.2 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) -- 9.3.6.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Studies -- 9.3.7 Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Individual Rubbers and Blends -- 9.3.7.1 Stress-Strain Properties -- 9.3.7.2 Determination of Hardness -- 9.3.7.3 Oil/Fuel Swelling Studies -- 9.3.7.4 Aging Studies -- 9.3.7.5 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) -- 9.3.8 Effect of Addition of Carbon Black in ENR/MA-G-EPDM Blend -- 9.4 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 10 High-Performance Unsaturated Polyester/ f-MWCNTs Nanocomposites Induced by f-Graphene Nanoplatelets -- 10.1 Introduction and History -- 10.1.1 Polymerization…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Front Cover -- Communications for Control in Cyber Physical Systems: Theory, Design and Applications in Smart Grids -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Biography -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction to cyber physical systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Elements of a CPS -- Dynamics of CPS -- Linear time-invariant systems -- Observation model -- Feedback control -- 1.2.1 Communications for CPSs: Theoretical Studies -- Communication requirements -- Impact of communications on control -- Communication design -- 1.2.2 Communications for CPS: Industrial Systems -- 1.3 What is included and what is missing -- 1.3.1 Content -- 1.3.2 Missing Topics -- Chapter 2: Basics of communications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Information Measures -- 2.2.1 Shannon Entropy -- 2.2.2 Mutual Information -- 2.3 Communication channels -- 2.3.1 Typical Channels -- 2.3.2 Mathematical Model of Channels -- 2.3.3 Channel Capacity -- 2.4 Source Coding -- 2.4.1 Lossless Source Coding -- 2.4.2 Lossy Source Coding -- 2.5 Modulation and coding -- 2.5.1 Channel Coding -- Error detection coding -- Error correction coding -- 2.5.2 Modulation -- 2.6 Networking -- 2.6.1 Graph Representation -- 2.6.2 Layered Structure -- 2.6.3 Cross-Layer Design -- 2.6.4 MAC Layer -- Multiple access schemes -- Scheduling -- 2.6.5 Network Layer -- 2.6.6 Transport Layer -- 2.7 Typical communication systems -- 2.7.1 Wired Networks -- 2.7.2 Wireless Networks -- 2.8 Conclusions -- Chapter 3: Basics of control -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Modeling of controlled dynamical systems -- 3.2.1 Continuous-Time Case -- Dynamics evolution -- Linear time-invariant systems -- Observation model -- Feedback control -- 3.2.2 Discrete-Time Case -- 3.2.3 Discrete or Hybrid Dynamical Systems -- 3.3 Observability and controllability -- 3.3.1 Observability -- 3.3.2 Controllability…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 1.3.2 Rootless containers -- 1.3.3 Fork/exec model -- 1.3.4 Podman is daemonless -- 1.3.5 User-friendly command line -- 1.3.6 Support for REST API -- 1.3.7 Integration with systemd -- 1.3.8 Pods -- 1.3.9 Customizable registries -- 1.3.10 Multiple transports -- 1.3.11 Complete customizability -- 1.3.12 User-namespace support -- 1.4 When not to use Podman -- Summary -- 2 Command line -- 2.1 Working with containers -- 2.1.1 Exploring containers -- 2.1.2 Running the containerized application -- 2.1.3 Stopping containers -- 2.1.4 Starting containers -- 2.1.5 Listing containers -- 2.1.6 Inspecting containers -- 2.1.7 Removing containers -- 2.1.8 exec-ing into a container -- 2.1.9 Creating an image from a container -- 2.2 Working with container images -- 2.2.1 Differences between a container and an image -- 2.2.2 Listing images -- 2.2.3 Inspecting images -- 2.2.4 Pushing images -- 2.2.5 podman login: Logging into a container registry -- 2.2.6 Tagging images -- 2.2.7 Removing images -- 2.2.8 Pulling images -- 2.2.9 Searching for images -- 2.2.10 Mounting images -- 2.3 Building images -- 2.3.1 Format of a Containerfile or Dockerfile…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2.7.3 Conclusion: Leveraging Thermodynamics for Energy-Efficient Mechatronic Designs -- References -- Chapter 3 Role of Data Acquisition, Sensors, and Actuators in Mechatronics Industry -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature Survey -- 3.3 Fundamentals of Data Acquisition -- 3.3.1 Types of Data Acquisition Systems -- 3.3.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion -- 3.3.3 Sampling and Signal Conditioning -- 3.3.4 Sensors in Mechatronics -- 3.3.5 Actuators in Mechatronics -- 3.4 Coordination and Synchronization in Mechatronic Systems -- 3.4.1 Interplay Between Data Acquisition, Sensors, and Actuators -- 3.5 Industrial Automation and Robotics -- 3.5.1 Automotive and Transportation Systems -- 3.5.2 Healthcare and Biomedical Applications -- 3.6 Technical Challenges in Integration and Compatibility -- 3.6.1 Innovations Driving Mechatronics Advancements -- 3.6.2 Mechatronics Industry and Industry 4.0 -- 3.7 Future Trends and Implications -- 3.7.1 Advancements in Sensor Technology -- 3.7.2 Integration of AI and IoT in Mechatronic Systems -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Optimization Techniques for Mechatronics: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Key Components of Mechatronics -- 4.2 Related Work -- 4.3 Optimization in Mechatronics Design -- 4.4 Optimization in Mechatronics Control -- 4.5 Optimization in Mechatronics Manufacturing -- 4.6 Multi-Objective Optimization in Mechatronics -- 4.7 Real-Time Optimization for Mechatronics -- 4.8 Challenges in Optimization for Mechatronics -- 4.9 Opportunities in Optimization for Mechatronics -- 4.10 Future Directions in Optimization for Mechatronics -- 4.11 Conclusion -- Declarations -- Conflict of Interest -- Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate -- Consent for Publication -- Competing Interests -- Open Access -- Funding Statement -- References…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Overview and Research Opportunities in Energy Management for Port Integrated Energy System -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Low-Carbon Technology in Ports -- 1.2.1 Electric Energy Substitution -- 1.2.2 Renewable Energy -- 1.2.3 Clean Fuel -- 1.2.4 Low-Carbon Port Management -- 1.3 Coupling Mechanism and Modeling for Energy and Logistics -- 1.3.1 Characteristics of Port Logistics Transportation -- 1.3.2 Coupling Mechanism of Energy and Logistics -- 1.3.3 Energy-Based Modeling of Logistics -- 1.4 Energy Management of Green Port Integrated Energy System -- 1.4.1 Port Integrated Energy System -- 1.4.2 Flexible Resources of Green Port -- 1.4.3 Energy Management Model of Port Integrated Energy System -- 1.5 Research Directions of Green Port Integrated Energy System -- 1.5.1 The Current Situation of Typical Ports -- 1.5.2 Future Research Directions -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Optimization Configuration of Renewable Energies and Energy Storages in Port Microgrids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Scenario-Based Depiction of the Fluctuating Characteristics of Port Microgrid -- 2.3 High-Fidelity Compression and Reconstruction Method -- 2.3.1 Port Data Extraction and Integration -- 2.3.2 High-Fidelity Compression Based on Operational Week -- 2.3.3 Variable-Time-Scale Data Reconstruction -- 2.3.4 Data Output -- 2.4 Optimal Configuration Model for Port's Renewable Energies and Energy Storages -- 2.4.1 Objective Function -- 2.4.2 Constraints -- 2.5 Case Studies -- 2.5.1 Case Description -- 2.5.2 Analysis of Typical Scenario Results -- 2.5.3 Analysis of Optimization Configuration Results of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage -- 2.5.4 Calculation Time Analysis -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References -- 3 Adaptive Bidirectional Droop Control Strategy for Hybrid AC-DC Port Microgrids -- 3.1 Introduction…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Box 21.2 The R&amp -- D scoreboard -- Box 21.3 The Apprenticeship Levy -- Summary -- Review questions -- 22 Government and the market -- 22.1 Environmental policy -- 22.2 Transport policy -- 22.3 Privatisation and regulation -- Box 22.1 The economics of biodiversity -- Box 22.2 Placing a price on CO2 emissions -- Box 22.3 Road pricing in Singapore -- Box 22.4 The right track to reform? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…5.2.3 Kinematics of Rotating Frames -- Rotational Kinematics Expressed by Quaternions -- 5.2.4 Projective Geometry -- Multiview Geometry -- Singular Cases -- 3D Reconstruction -- 5.3 Pose Measurement Methods -- 5.3.1 Dead Reckoning -- Odometry -- Inertial Navigation -- 5.3.2 Heading Measurement -- 5.3.3 Active Markers and Global Position Measurement -- Global Navigation Satellite System -- 5.3.4 Navigation Using Environmental Features -- Straight-Line Features -- Split-and-Merge Algorithm -- Evolving Straight-Line Clustering -- Hough Transform -- Color Features -- Artificial Pattern Markers -- Natural Local Image Features -- 5.3.5 Matching of Environment Models: Maps -- 5.4 Sensors -- 5.4.1 Sensor Characteristics -- 5.4.2 Sensor Classifications -- References -- Chapter 6: Nondeterministic Events in Mobile Systems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basics of Probability -- 6.2.1 Discrete Random Variable -- 6.2.2 Continuous Random Variable -- 6.2.3 Bayes' Rule -- 6.3 State Estimation -- 6.3.1 Disturbances and Noise -- 6.3.2 Estimate Convergence and Bias -- 6.3.3 Observability -- 6.4 Bayesian Filter -- 6.4.1 Markov Chains -- 6.4.2 State Estimation From Observations -- 6.4.3 State Estimation From Observations and Actions -- 6.4.4 Localization Example -- 6.4.5 Environment Sensing -- 6.4.6 Motion in the Environment -- 6.4.7 Localization in the Environment -- 6.5 Kalman Filter -- 6.5.1 Kalman Filter in Matrix Form -- 6.5.2 Extended Kalman Filter -- 6.5.3 Kalman Filter Derivatives -- 6.6 Particle Filter -- References -- Chapter 7: Autonomous Guided Vehicles -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Autonomous Transportation Vehicles -- 7.2.1 About -- 7.2.2 Setup -- 7.2.3 Sensors -- 7.2.4 Localization and Mapping -- 7.2.5 Control -- 7.2.6 Path Planning -- 7.2.7 Decision Making -- 7.3 Wheeled Mobile Robots in Agriculture -- 7.3.1 Introduction (About) -- 7.3.2 Service Unit Setup…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…3.3.1 Centralized System and Its Physiognomies -- 3.3.2 Advantages -- 3.3.3 Disadvantages of Centralized System -- 3.4 Distributed System Architecture -- 3.4.1 Advantages of Distributed System Architecture -- 3.4.2 Drawbacks of Distributed System Architecture -- 3.5 Data Communication Taking Place in Distributed IoT Environment -- 3.5.1 Internet of Things (IoT) Protocol -- 3.5.2 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) -- 3.5.3 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) -- 3.5.4 Wi-Fi -- 3.5.5 Zigbee -- 3.5.6 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) -- 3.5.7 Data Distribution Service (DDS) -- 3.5.8 Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) -- 3.5.9 Smart Home and IoT Applications: An Example -- 3.5.10 IoT Services, Machines and Applications -- 3.5.11 Sensor-Based IoT Services -- 3.5.12 Application in IoT Environment -- 3.5.13 Future of IoT in a COVID-19 Pandemic -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Contribution of Cloud-Based Services in Post-Pandemic Technology Sustainability and Challenges: A Future Direction -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cloud-Based Solutions -- 4.2.1 Information and Communications Technology -- 4.2.2 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning -- 4.2.3 Data Analytics and Business Intelligence -- 4.3 Impact of Industry 4.0 in the Cloud Computing Industry -- 4.3.1 Agriculture and Forestry -- 4.3.2 Entertainment, Media, and Hospitality -- 4.3.3 Robotics and Automation, Manufacturing and Maintenance -- 4.4 Significance and Impact of Cloud in the Pandemic Outbreak -- 4.5 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5 Network Security in Evolving Networking Technologies: Developments and Future Directions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Background on Attacks, Security Services and Challenges -- 5.2.1 Types of Attacks Possible on Network -- 5.2.2 Security Services -- 5.2.3 Challenges…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Equilibrium Composition of Ceria -- References -- Chapter 2 Solar Metal Fuels for Future Transportation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Sustainable Strategies to Address Climate Change -- 2.1.2 Circular Economy -- 2.1.3 Sustainable Solar Recycling of Metal Fuels -- 2.2 Direct Combustion of Solar Metal Fuels -- 2.2.1 Stabilized Metal-Fuel Flame -- 2.2.2 Combustion Engineering -- 2.2.3 Designing Metal-Fueled Engines -- 2.3 Regeneration of Metal Fuels Through the Solar Reduction of Oxides -- 2.3.1 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Oxides Reduction -- 2.3.2 Effect of Some Parameters on the Reduction Yield -- 2.3.2.1 Carbon-Reducing Agent -- 2.3.2.2 Catalysts and Additives -- 2.3.2.3 Mechanical Milling -- 2.3.2.4 CO Partial Pressure -- 2.3.2.5 Carrier Gas -- 2.3.2.6 Fast Preheating -- 2.3.2.7 Progressive Heating -- 2.3.3 Reverse Reoxidation of the Produced Metal Powders -- 2.3.4 Reduction of Oxides Using Concentrated Solar Power…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…8 EPS Protection for Signalling and User Data -- 8.1 Security Algorithms Negotiation -- 8.1.1 Mobility Management Entities -- 8.1.2 Base Stations -- 8.2 NAS Signalling Protection -- 8.2.1 NAS Security Mode Command Procedure -- 8.2.2 NAS Signalling Protection -- 8.3 AS Signalling and User Data Protection -- 8.3.1 AS Security Mode Command Procedure -- 8.3.2 RRC Signalling and User Plane Protection -- 8.3.3 RRC Connection Re-establishment -- 8.4 Security on Network Interfaces -- 8.4.1 Application of NDS to EPS -- 8.4.2 Security for Network Interfaces of Base Stations -- 8.5 Certificate Enrolment for Base Stations -- 8.5.1 Enrolment Scenario -- 8.5.2 Enrolment Principles -- 8.5.3 Enrolment Architecture -- 8.5.4 CMPv2 Protocol and Certificate Profiles -- 8.5.5 CMPv2 Transport -- 8.5.6 Example Enrolment Procedure -- 8.6 Emergency Call Handling -- 8.6.1 Emergency Calls with NAS and AS Security Contexts in Place -- 8.6.2 Emergency Calls without NAS and AS Security Contexts -- 8.6.3 Continuation of the Emergency Call when Authentication Fails -- 9 Security in Intra-LTE State Transitions and Mobility -- 9.1 Transitions to and from Registered State -- 9.1.1 Registration -- 9.1.2 Deregistration -- 9.2 Transitions Between Idle and Connected States -- 9.2.1 Connection Initiation -- 9.2.2 Back to Idle State -- 9.3 Idle State Mobility -- 9.4 Handover -- 9.4.1 Handover Key Management Requirements Background -- 9.4.2 Handover Keying Mechanisms Background -- 9.4.3 LTE Key Handling in Handover -- 9.4.4 Multiple Target Cell Preparations -- 9.5 Key Change on the Fly -- 9.5.1 KeNB Rekeying -- 9.5.2 KeNB Refresh -- 9.5.3 NAS Key Rekeying -- 9.6 Periodic Local Authentication Procedure -- 9.7 Concurrent Run of Security Procedures -- 10 EPS Cryptographic Algorithms -- 10.1 Null Algorithms -- 10.2 Ciphering Algorithms -- 10.3 Integrity Algorithms…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…13.1.1 State-based regulation -- 13.1.2 Civil-based regulation -- 13.1.3 Co-regulation -- 13.2 Key lessons and recommendations of regulatory reviews to date -- 13.3 Multilateral and multiparty initiatives: the story so far -- 13.4 Moving forward amidst uncertainty -- References -- 4 SUSTAINABILITY -- 14 Exploring Boundaries Around the Safe Use of Advanced Materials: A Prospective Product-Based Case Studies Approach -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Defining advanced materials -- 14.3 Advanced material risks and safe use-a prospective product-based case study approach -- 14.4 Testing the prospective product case study methodology-an example using a hypothetical dynamic food product label -- 14.5 A prospective product case study-a graphene-based dynamic labels for food products -- 14.5.1 Product description -- 14.5.2 Material generation -- 14.5.3 Intermediary production -- 14.5.4 Final production -- 14.5.5 Product storage and transportation -- 14.5.6 Product use -- 14.5.7 Product disposal -- 14.5.8 Exposure potential -- 14.5.9 Risk red flags -- 14.5.10 Summary -- 14.6 Utility of the prospective product case study methodology -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Nanomaterial Governance, Planetary Health, and the Sustainocene Transition -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Nanotechnology safety in global context -- 15.3 Regulatory uncertainty and nano-sunscreens -- 15.4 Regulatory uncertainty and nanosilver -- 15.5 Paths to greater nanoregulatory certainty -- 15.6 Reorienting global regulation so nanotechnology assists the Sustainocene -- 15.7 Reorienting the scientific quest toward nanotechnology's role with the Sustainocene -- 15.8 Rethinking the ethics of corporate globalization -- 15.9 Reorienting international law to nanotechnology's role with the Sustainocene -- 15.10 The moral culmination of nanoregulation in globalized artificial photosynthesis…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 5.1.1 Early symmetric cryptography -- 5.1.2 Diffie-Hellman and RSA -- 5.1.3 Public-key infrastructures -- 5.1.4 SSL and TLS -- 5.2 Understanding SSL/TLS -- 5.2.1 The certificate chain -- 5.2.2 The TLS handshake -- 5.2.3 Perfect forward secrecy -- 5.3 Getting applications to use HTTPS -- 5.3.1 Obtaining certificates from AWS -- 5.3.2 Obtaining certificates from Let's Encrypt -- 5.3.3 Enabling HTTPS on AWS ELB -- 5.4 Modernizing HTTPS -- 5.4.1 Testing TLS -- 5.4.2 Implementing Mozilla's Modern guidelines -- 5.4.3 HSTS: Strict Transport Security -- 5.4.4 HPKP: Public Key Pinning -- Summary -- Chapter 6: Security layer 4: securing the delivery pipeline -- 6.1 Access control to code-management infrastructure -- 6.1.1 Managing permissions in a GitHub organization…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The Evolution of Transportation -- Lesson 9 - Habit of Doing More Than Paid For -- Contents -- 1. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Ventilation des pertes et des entreprises déficitaires dans l'industrie, la construction et les transports -- Graphique 23. PART DU TROC DANS LES VENTES INDUSTRIELLES -- Graphique 24. …”

“…Historians have estimated that between 1941 and 1944 up to three million Jews were transported to their deaths in concentration and extermination camps. …”