Tabla de Contenidos: “…6 FLOORS WITH SHORT BEAMS OUTSIDE FRANCE IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES -- 7 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Historic bell frames - regional traditions and transregional influence -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 TYPICAL DESIGNS -- 3 REGIONAL TRADITIONS -- 4 TRANSREGIONAL INFLUENCE -- 5 CONCLUSION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Large span timber roofs in Italy between the 16th and 19th centuries -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 THE ITALIAN TRUSS -- 3 LONG SPAN TRUSSES IN ITALY -- 4 THE ROOFS IN BOLOGNA -- 5 FROM THE 18TH TO EARLY 19TH CENTURIES -- 6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Design-Fabricate-Assemble-Marvel - 18th and early 19th century bridge models in the construction process -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 EARLIEST MODELS -- 3 THE OLDEST EXISTING MODELS -- 4 MODELS AROUND 1750 AND LATER -- 5 BISHOP HERVEY'S COMPETITION -- 6 EARLY NORTH AMERICAN MODELS -- 7 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Late 18th-century innovation: The first Mediterranean purlin roof truss in German-speaking Switzerland at Embrach ZH -- 1 THE ARCHITECT DAVID VOGEL -- 2 THE REFORMED CHURCH AT EMBRACH -- 3 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Philibert De l'Orme roof constructions in Leiden and The Netherlands, innovation versus tradition between 1800 and 1900 -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE PHILIBERT TRUSS -- 3 TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE -- 4 THE SHAPE OF PHILIBERT TRUSSES -- 5 CONSTRUCTION AND JOINTS -- 6 DECLINE -- 7 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Timber roof structures of 19th-century military riding halls in Switzerland -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 TWIN RIDING HALL IN FRAUENFELD -- 3 RIDING HALL IN SOLOTHURN -- 4 RIDING HALL IN THUN -- 5 CONTEXT -- 6 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Thematic session: Historicizing material properties: Between technological and cultural history -- Comparative analysis of bricks manufactured in the NewWorld (1494-1544) -- 1 INTRODUCTION…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Current Account Deficit -- 5.5 Fiscal Policy and the Current Account -- The Critical Factor: The Response of National Saving -- The Government Budget Deficit and National Saving -- Application The Twin Deficits -- Chapter 6 Long-Run Economic Growth -- 6.1 The Sources of Economic Growth -- Growth Accounting -- Application Waves of Productivity Growth over Time -- Application The Rebound in U.S. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 4.5.2 Secure Smart Device Provisioning and Monitoring Service (SDPM) -- 4.5.3 Security Provisioning Protocol -- 4.5.4 Digital Twin -- 4.5.5 Policy-Based Security Application -- 4.6 Prototype Implementation -- 4.6.1 Network Setup -- 4.6.2 Security Analysis -- 4.6.3 Performance Evaluation -- 4.7 Discussion and Open Issues -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 A Privacy-Sensitive, Situation-Aware Description Model for IoT -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Background -- 5.2.1 Privacy in IoT in-Brief -- 5.2.2 Definitions -- 5.2.3 When MDA Meets IoT -- 5.2.4 WoT TD In-Brief -- 5.2.5 Case Study…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Educate Everyone as to How AI/ML Can Solve Business Problems -- Define Your Business Objectives -- Identify the Pain Points -- Start with Root-Cause Analysis -- Identify the Success Metrics -- Explore the Latest Industry Trends -- Review AI Applications in Various Industries -- Map the Use Case to the Business Problem -- Prioritizing Your Use Cases -- Define the Impact Criteria -- Define the Feasibility Criteria -- Assess the Impact -- Assess the Feasibility -- Prioritize the Use Cases -- Review and Refine the Criteria -- Choose the Right Model -- Use Cases to Choose From -- AI Use Cases for DevOps -- AI for Healthcare and Life Sciences -- AI Enabled Contact Center Use Cases -- Business Metrics Analysis -- Content Moderation -- AI for Financial Services -- Cybersecurity -- Digital Twinning -- Identity Verification -- Intelligent Document Processing -- Intelligent Search -- Machine Translation -- Media Intelligence -- ML Modernization -- ML-Powered Personalization -- Computer Vision -- Personal Protective Equipment -- Generative AI -- Workbook Template: Use Case Identification Sheet -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Answer Key -- Chapter 9 Evaluating AI/ML Platforms and Services -- Benefits and Factors to Consider When Choosing an AI/ML Service -- Benefits of Using Cloud AI/ML Services -- Factors to Consider When Choosing an AI/ML Service -- AWS AI and ML Services -- AI Services -- Amazon SageMaker -- AI Frameworks -- Differences Between Machine Learning Algorithms, Models, and Services -- Core AI Services -- Text and Document Services -- Chatbots: Amazon Lex -- Speech -- Vision Services -- Specialized AI Services -- Business Processing Services -- Kendra for Search -- Code and DevOps -- Industrial Solutions -- Healthcare Solutions -- Machine Learning Services -- Amazon SageMaker -- Amazon SageMaker Canvas -- SageMaker Studio Lab…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Getting to the Point with GenAI-Powered Summarization -- Extracting key points -- Using GenAI for concise summaries and abstracts -- Pushing GenAI for bullet points, pull quotes, and excerpts -- Enhancing information retrieval with GenAI summarization tactics -- Using GenAI to Check Character Traits and Actions -- Storyboarding with GenAI -- Adapting Writing Style and Tone for Varied Audiences Using GenAI -- Customizing content tone with GenAI for different demographics -- GenAI-assisted style adaptation for targeted communication -- Checking Your Content's Market Appeal and Value -- Ensuring Coherence and Concision in Multi-Author Content -- Optimizing Keywords and Phrases (SEO) with GenAI for Better Search Rankings -- Part 3 Exploring Advanced GenAI Models and Techniques -- Chapter 12 Leaning on Advanced Tactics to Move Your Content to Another Level -- Evaluating AI Models in Terms of Your Specific Needs -- Tailoring GenAI Models for Specialized Topics -- Customizing AI for industry-specific content -- Examples of specialized GenAI models available on the market -- Dealing with Software Integration Issues -- Overcoming common integration challenges -- Programming with GenAI no-code options -- Chapter 13 Delving into Specialized GenAI Tools -- Discovering the Difference Enterprise-Level AI Tools Make -- The impact of GenAI on large-scale operations -- Checking out common features and benefits of enterprise GenAI tools -- Finding Mini GPTs and GPT App Stores -- Navigating the world of specialized AI marketplaces -- Demystifying micro GenAI applications -- Exploring Autonomous AI Agents and Personalized AI -- Autonomous AI agents -- Personalized AI -- Deploying GenAI with autonomous agents and AI twins for individualized interactions -- Chapter 14 Enhancing Creativity and Productivity with GenAI -- Capturing Inspiration and Cashing In: A Case Study…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Dynamic -- 3.2.8 Open Research Issues and Future Challenges -- 3.2.8.1 Architecture and Protocols -- 3.2.8.2 Reliability -- 3.2.8.3 Throughput -- 3.2.8.4 Lifetime -- 3.2.8.5 Data Collection and Routing Technology -- 3.2.8.6 Security and Privacy -- 3.2.8.7 Service Discovery -- 3.2.8.8 Context Awareness -- 3.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Emerging World of the Metaverse: An Indian Perspective -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Internet of Things and Virtual Reality -- 4.3 Emergence of the Metaverse -- 4.4 Network and Communication in the Metaverse -- 4.4.1 Building Smart Cities with the Metaverse -- 4.4.2 Industry 4.0 and Digital Twin -- 4.5 Socialization in the Metaverse -- 4.6 The Metaverse in India -- 4.7 Technological Limitations -- 4.8 Data Safety and Security -- 4.9 Dilemmas and Conundrum of the Metaverse -- 4.10 Future of the Metaverse -- 4.10.1 Metaverse for Business Ideas -- 4.10.2 Customer User Engagement -- 4.10.3 Legal Framework in the Metaverse -- 4.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Intelligent Optical Networks: Challenges, Opportunities, and Applications -- 5.1 Introduction…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Going Connection Shopping -- Objective 8.03 Using Remote Access -- Dial-up to the Internet -- Private Dial-Up -- Dedicated Connection -- DSL and Cable -- Cable Issues -- Remote Terminal -- VoIP -- RTP -- SIP and H.323 -- Skype -- Streaming Media with RSTP -- Checkpoint -- Review Questions -- Review Answers -- Chapter 9: Network Security -- Objective 9.01 Common Threats -- System Crash/Hardware Failure -- Administrative Access Control -- Malware -- Virus -- Worm -- Macro Virus -- Trojan -- Rootkit -- Adware/Spyware -- Dealing with Malware -- Antimalware Programs -- Social Engineering -- Phishing -- Man in the Middle -- Denial of Service -- Physical Intrusion -- Attacks on Wireless Connections -- Leeching -- Cracking Wireless Encryption -- Rogue Access Points -- Evil Twin -- Objective 9.02 Securing User Accounts -- Authentication -- Authentication Principles -- Authentication Protocols -- Authorization -- Logon and Access Security -- Implementing Share-Level Security -- Implementing User-Level Security -- Using Passwords -- Objective 9.03 Firewalls -- Hiding the IPs -- Port Filtering -- Packet Filtering -- MAC Filtering -- Personal Firewalls -- Network Zones -- Vulnerability Scanners -- Objective 9.04 Securing Remote Connections -- IPsec -- Virtual Private Networks -- PPTP VPNs -- L2TP VPNs -- SSL VPNs -- Checkpoint -- Review Questions -- Review Answers -- Chapter 10: The Complete Network -- Objective 10.01 Designing and Implementing a SOHO Network -- Define the Network Needs -- Network Design -- Compatibility Issues…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The SFSN and the systems context -- Relationship among rescheduling, stability, and nervousness -- Time-related features -- Inner system issues that leverage nervousness -- Outer system nervousness management mechanisms -- A simple SFSN conceptual model -- Physical dimension -- Temporal dimension -- Wrapping it up -- The framework in practice: an illustrative case -- 12.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Digital and smart production planning and control -- 13.1 Production planning and control evolution -- 13.1.1 Production planning and control 1.0 (until 1960s) -- 13.1.2 Production planning and control 2.0 (between 1970s and 1980s) -- 13.1.3 Production planning and control 3.0 - (between 1990s and 2010s) -- 13.1.4 Production planning and control 4.0 - (from 2010s) -- 13.2 A bibliometric analysis on digital and smart production planning and control -- 13.3 Digital and smart production planning and control frameworks -- 13.3.1 Framework of classical PPC updated by digital technologies -- 13.3.2 Framework of production planning and control as a service (PPCaaS) -- 13.4 Digital technologies applied in the production planning and control -- 13.4.1 Additive manufacturing (AM) -- 13.4.2 Big data analytics (BDA) -- 13.4.3 Digital twin (DT) -- 13.4.4 Machine learning (ML) -- 13.5 The future of Production Planning and Control 4.0 concept -- References -- 14 Simulation-based generation of rescheduling knowledge using a cognitive architecture -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Conceptual modeling -- 14.3 Problem-Space Computational Model (PSCM) -- 14.4 Representation and design of schedule states and repair operators -- 14.4.1 Design of repair operators proposition-evaluation, decision, and application knowledge -- 14.4.1.1 Design and implementation of operators proposition-evaluation knowledge (Kpe)…”

“…Using the stateful distributed actor model, you can dynamically build a digital twin (actor) model of the real-world from the data, linking twins based on their relationships. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…5.5.3 Generation of Hydrogen in Model Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Photoelectrocatalysis Enables Greener Routes to Valuable Chemicals and Solar Fuels -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 C-H Functionalization in Complex Organic Synthesis -- 6.3 Examples of Photoelectrochemical-Induced C-H Activation -- 6.4 C-C Functionalization -- 6.5 Electrochemically Mediated Photoredox Catalysis (e-PRC) -- 6.6 Interfacial Photoelectrochemistry (iPEC) -- 6.7 Reagent-Free Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Fuels -- Chapter 7 Graphene-Based Catalysts for Solar Fuels -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Preparation of Graphene and Its Composites -- 7.2.1 Preparation of Graphene (Oxide) -- 7.2.2 Preparation of Graphene-Based Photocatalysts -- 7.2.2.1 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Method -- 7.2.2.2 Sol-Gel Method -- 7.2.2.3 In Situ Growth Method -- 7.3 Graphene-Based Catalyst Characterization Techniques -- 7.3.1 SEM, TEM, and HRTEM -- 7.3.2 X-Ray Techniques: XPS, XRD, XANES, XAFS, and EXAFS -- 7.3.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 7.3.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) -- 7.3.5 Other Technologies -- 7.4 Graphene-Based Catalyst Performance -- 7.4.1 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction -- 7.4.2 Hydrogen Production by Water Splitting -- 7.5 Conclusion and Future Opportunities -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Advances in Design and Scale-Up of Solar Fuel Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Strategies for Solar Photoreactor Design -- 8.2.1 Photocatalytic Systems -- 8.2.1.1 Slurry Photoreactor -- 8.2.1.2 Fixed Bed Photoreactor -- 8.2.1.3 Twin Photoreactor (Membrane Photoreactor) -- 8.2.1.4 Microreactor -- 8.2.2 Electrochemical System -- 8.2.2.1 CO2 Electrochemical Reactors -- 8.2.3 Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Systems…”

“…Buiter -- Budget and external deficits : not twins but the same family / Edwin M. Truman -- Twin deficits and twin decades / Jeffrey A. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…3.4.2 Enforcing security treaties -- 3.5 Military alliances -- 3.5.1 Role of military alliances -- 3.5.2 Enforcing military alliance treaties -- 3.6 Borders -- 3.6.1 Border treaties -- 3.6.2 Enforcing border-sharing treaties -- 3.7 Cross-border data flow -- 3.7.1 Cross-border data flow -- 3.7.2 Enforcing cross-border data flow -- 3.8 AI ethics -- 3.8.1 AI ethics treaties -- 3.8.2 Enforcing AI ethics -- 3.9 Conclusion -- AI disclosure -- References -- 4 - Cybersecurity -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cyber threats -- 4.3 Artificial intelligence -- 4.4 Behavioral science -- 4.5 Mechanism design -- 4.6 Cybersecurity and international relations -- 4.7 AI, behavioral science, mechanism design, cybersecurity, and international relations -- 4.8 Conclusion -- AI disclosure -- References -- 5 - Human rights -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- 5.3 Artificial intelligence -- 5.4 Behavioral science -- 5.5 Mechanism design -- 5.6 Social media -- 5.7 Digital twins -- 5.8 Future of human rights -- 5.9 Conclusion -- AI disclosure -- References -- 6 - Autonomous weapons -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 What are AWS? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.3.2 Bayesian Multisource Classification Mechanism -- 4.3.3 A Refined Multisource Bayesian Model -- 4.3.4 Multisource Classification Using the MRF -- 4.3.5 Assumption of Inter-Source Independence -- 4.4 Evidential Reasoning -- 4.4.1 Concept Development -- 4.4.2 Belief Function and Belief Interval -- 4.4.3 Evidence Combination -- 4.4.4 Decision Rules for Evidential Reasoning -- 4.5 Dealing with Source Reliability -- 4.5.1 Using Classification Accuracy -- 4.5.2 Use of Class Separability -- 4.5.3 Data Information Class Correspondence Matrix -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Trends -- References -- Chapter 5 Support Vector Machines -- 5.1 Linear Classification -- 5.1.1 The Separable Case -- 5.1.2 The Nonseparable Case -- 5.2 Nonlinear Classification and Kernel Functions -- 5.2.1 Nonlinear SVMs -- 5.2.2 Kernel Functions -- 5.3 Parameter Determination -- 5.3.1 t-Fold Cross-Validations -- 5.3.2 Bound on Leave-One-Out Error -- 5.3.3 Grid Search -- 5.3.4 Gradient Descent Method -- 5.4 Multiclass Classification -- 5.4.1 One-Against-One, One-Against-Others, and DAG -- 5.4.2 Multiclass SVMs -- 5.4.2.1 Vapnik's Approach -- 5.4.2.2 Methodology of Crammer and Singer -- 5.5 Relevance Vector Machines -- 5.6 Twin Support Vector Machines -- 5.7 Deep Support Vector Machines -- 5.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6 Decision Trees -- 6.1 ID3, C4.5, and SEE5.0 Decision Trees -- 6.1.1 ID3 -- 6.1.2 C4.5 -- 6.1.3 SEE5.0 (C5.0) -- 6.2 CHAID -- 6.3 CART -- 6.4 QUEST -- 6.4.1 Split Point Selection -- 6.4.2 Attribute Selection -- 6.5 Tree Induction from Artic fi ial Neural Networks -- 6.6 Pruning Decision Trees -- 6.6.1 Reduced Error Pruning -- 6.6.2 Pessimistic Error Pruning -- 6.6.3 Error-Based Pruning -- 6.6.4 Cost Complexity Pruning -- 6.6.5 Minimal Error Pruning -- 6.7 Ensemble Methods -- 6.7.1 Boosting -- 6.7.2 Random Forest -- 6.7.3 Rotation Forest…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Bayesian Statistics -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the First Edition -- 1 Preliminaries -- 1.1 Probability and Bayes' Theorem -- 1.1.1 Notation -- 1.1.2 Axioms for probability -- 1.1.3 'Unconditional' probability -- 1.1.4 Odds -- 1.1.5 Independence -- 1.1.6 Some simple consequences of the axioms -- Bayes' Theorem -- 1.2 Examples on Bayes' Theorem -- 1.2.1 The Biology of Twins -- 1.2.2 A political example -- 1.2.3 A warning -- 1.3 Random variables -- 1.3.1 Discrete random variables -- 1.3.2 The binomial distribution -- 1.3.3 Continuous random variables -- 1.3.4 The normal distribution -- 1.3.5 Mixed random variables -- 1.4 Several random variables -- 1.4.1 Two discrete random variables -- 1.4.2 Two continuous random variables -- 1.4.3 Bayes' Theorem for random variables -- 1.4.4 Example -- 1.4.5 One discrete variable and one continuous variable -- 1.4.6 Independent random variables -- 1.5 Means and variances -- 1.5.1 Expectations -- 1.5.2 The expectation of a sum and of a product -- 1.5.3 Variance, precision and standard deviation -- 1.5.4 Examples -- 1.5.5 Variance of a sum -- covariance and correlation -- 1.5.6 Approximations to the mean and variance of a function of a random variable -- 1.5.7 Conditional expectations and variances -- 1.5.8 Medians and modes -- 1.6 Exercises on Chapter 1 -- 2 Bayesian inference for the normal distribution -- 2.1 Nature of Bayesian inference -- 2.1.1 Preliminary remarks -- 2.1.2 Post is prior times likelihood -- 2.1.3 Likelihood can be multiplied by any constant -- 2.1.4 Sequential use of Bayes' Theorem -- 2.1.5 The predictive distribution -- 2.1.6 A warning -- 2.2 Normal prior and likelihood -- 2.2.1 Posterior from a normal prior and likelihood -- 2.2.2 Example -- 2.2.3 Predictive distribution -- 2.2.4 The nature of the assumptions made -- 2.3 Several normal observations with a normal prior…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2.7.2 Face Detection and Identification in Real-World Situations -- 2.8 Future Direction in Object Detection and Tracking -- 2.8.1 Future Plans for Object Tracking and Detection -- 2.8.1.1 Multiobject Tracking -- 2.8.2 3D Object Tracking and Detection -- 2.8.3 Real-Time Performance -- 2.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Printing Organs with 3D Technology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Bioprinting in Three Dimensions (3D) -- 3.3 3D Printing Types -- 3.3.1 Inkjet Bioprinting -- 3.3.2 Microextrusion Bioprinting -- 3.3.3 Laser-Assisted Printing -- 3.3.4 Stereolithography -- 3.3.5 3D Bioprinting Materials and Cells -- 3.4 Applications for 3D Printing in Cells -- 3.4.1 Blood Vessels -- 3.4.2 Liver -- 3.4.3 Cartilage -- 3.4.4 Muscle -- 3.4.5 Bone -- 3.4.6 Skin -- 3.4.7 Neutralization of Neurons -- 3.4.8 Pancreas -- 3.5 New Developments -- 3.6 Progress in India -- 3.7 Limitation -- 3.8 A Future Point of View -- 3.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Bank Fraud Detection -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Proposed Framework -- 4.3 Results -- 4.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Scope -- References -- Chapter 5 An Overview of Computational-Based Strategies for Drug Repositioning -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Drug Repositioning -- 5.2.1 Computational Strategies for Drug Repositioning -- 5.2.1.1 IoT in Drug Repositioning -- 5.2.1.2 AI and ML in Drug Repositioning -- 5.2.1.3 Digital Twin in Drug Repurposing -- 5.2.1.4 Cloud Computing in Drug Repositioning -- 5.2.1.5 Big Data in Drug Repositioning -- 5.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Repurposing -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Improving Performance With Feature Selection, Extraction, and Learning -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Feature Selection -- 6.2.1 Filter Methods -- 6.2.1.1 Procedure -- 6.2.1.2 Advantages -- 6.2.1.3 Disadvantages…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.2.4 Nip Rolls and Winding -- 7.2.5 Gauge Control -- 7.2.6 Orientation -- 7.2.7 Cast Film Dies -- 7.3 Blown Film -- 7.3.1 Blown Film Extrusion -- 7.3.2 Blown Film Dies -- 7.3.3 Air Rings and Internal Bubble Cooling (IBC) -- 7.3.4 Collapsing Frames -- 7.3.5 Nips -- 7.3.6 Slitting and Winding -- 7.3.7 Double-Bubble Process -- 7.4 Stretch and Shrink Wrap -- 7.4.1 Stretch Wrap -- 7.4.2 Shrink Wrap -- 7.5 Film and Sheet Coextrusion -- 7.6 Surface Treatment -- 7.7 Yield of Film -- 7.8 Testing and Evaluation of Films -- 7.9 References -- Study Questions -- 8 Converting, Lamination and Coating -- 8.1 Extrusion Coating and Laminating -- 8.2 Hot Melt Lamination or Coating -- 8.3 Adhesive Lamination -- 8.4 Thermal Laminating -- 8.5 Metallized Film -- 8.6 Silicon Oxide Films -- 8.7 Other Inorganic Barrier Coatings -- 8.8 Building Multilayer Structures -- 8.9 References -- Study Questions -- 9 Flexible Packaging -- 9.1 Characteristics of Flexible Packaging -- 9.2 Pouch Styles -- 9.2.1 Pillow Pouches -- 9.2.2 Three-Side Seal Pouches -- 9.2.3 Four-Side Seal Pouches -- 9.2.4 Stand-Up Pouches -- 9.3 Forming Pouches -- 9.4 Retort Pouches -- 9.5 Bulk and Heavy-Duty Bags -- 9.6 Bag-in-Box -- 9.6 References -- Study Questions -- 10 Thermoforming -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Heating the Sheet -- 10.2.1 Temperature Selection -- 10.2.2 Radiative Heating -- 10.3 Forming the Sheet -- 10.3.1 Basic Methods -- 10.3.1.1 Drape Forming -- 10.3.1.2 Vacuum Forming -- 10.3.1.3 Pressure Forming -- 10.3.2 Sheet Deformation -- 10.3.3 Thermoforming Variations -- 10.3.3.1 Plug-Assist Thermoforming -- 10.3.3.2 Solid Phase Pressure Forming -- 10.3.3.3 Bubble or Billow Forming -- 10.3.3.4 Vacuum Snap-Back Thermoforming -- 10.3.3.5 Matched Mold Forming -- 10.3.3.6 Scrapless Thermoforming -- 10.3.3.7 In-Line Thermoforming and Melt-to-Mold Thermoforming -- 10.3.3.8 Twin-Sheet Thermoforming…”

“…It explains special relativity geometrically, emphasizing the intrinsic structure of space-time. It covers the Twins Paradox, Galilean relativity, time travel, and more. …”