Tabla de Contenidos: “…9.3.2 Nondeterminism of Communication Latency -- 9.4 Time Synchronization Protocols -- 9.4.1 Reference Broadcasts Using Global Sources of Time -- 9.4.2 Lightweight Tree-Based Synchronization -- 9.4.3 Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks -- 9.4.4 Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol -- 9.4.5 Reference-Broadcast Synchronization -- 9.4.6 Time-Diffusion Synchronization Protocol -- 9.4.7 Mini-Sync and Tiny-Sync -- Exercises -- References -- 10 Localization -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.2 Ranging Techniques -- 10.2.1 Time of Arrival -- 10.2.2 Time Difference of Arrival -- 10.2.3 Angle of Arrival -- 10.2.4 Received Signal Strength -- 10.3 Range-Based Localization -- 10.3.1 Triangulation -- 10.3.2 Trilateration -- 10.3.3 Iterative and Collaborative Multilateration -- 10.3.4 GPS-Based Localization -- 10.4 Range-Free Localization -- 10.4.1 Ad Hoc Positioning System (APS) -- 10.4.2 Approximate Point in Triangulation -- 10.4.3 Localization Based on Multidimensional Scaling -- 10.5 Event-Driven Localization -- 10.5.1 The Lighthouse Approach -- 10.5.2 Multi-Sequence Positioning -- Exercises -- References -- 11 Security -- 11.1 Fundamentals of Network Security -- 11.2 Challenges of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks -- 11.3 Security Attacks in Sensor Networks -- 11.3.1 Denial-of-Service -- 11.3.2 Attacks on Routing -- 11.3.3 Attacks on Transport Layer -- 11.3.4 Attacks on Data Aggregation -- 11.3.5 Privacy Attacks -- 11.4 Protocols and Mechanisms for Security -- 11.4.1 Symmetric and Public Key Cryptography -- 11.4.2 Key Management -- 11.4.3 Defenses Against DoS Attacks -- 11.4.4 Defenses Against Aggregation Attacks -- 11.4.5 Defenses Against Routing Attacks -- 11.4.6 Security Protocols for Sensor Networks -- 11.4.7 TinySec -- 11.4.8 Localized Encryption and Authentication Protocol -- 11.5 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Security -- 11.6 Summary -- Exercises -- References…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Mixing and Mass Transfer in Industrial Bioreactors -- Summary -- 11.0 Introduction -- 11.1 Definitions of Mixing Processes -- 11.2 The Power Input P Delivered by Mechanical Stirring -- 11.3 Mixing and Mass Transfer in Industrial Reactors -- 11.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part Three: Downstream Processing -- 12. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The impact of wastewater on global warming -- 12.3. Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) -- 12.3.1. The kyoto protocol and the CDM -- 12.3.2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Multi-Controller Networks, kein zentral Kommunikationspunkt) -- 5 Zusammenfassung -- Literatur -- Sichere Benutzerauthentifizierung mit mobilen Endgeräten in industriellen Anwendungen -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 OPC-UA -- 3 Nutzung einer PKI im Zusammenhang mit einem Konfigurationsund Nutzermanagementsystems -- 4 Smartcards als Schlüssel zum Zugriff auf Komponenten eines Netzwerks und ihre Personalisierung -- 5 Benutzerauthentifizierung mit einem mobilen Endgerät und einer Smartcard -- 6 Sicherheitskritische Betrachtung von NFC im Kontext der Applikation -- 7 Zusammenfassung -- Literatur -- A comparative evaluation of security mechanisms in DDS, TLS and DTLS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 IT security requirements in Industrie 4.0 -- 3 Fundamentals -- 3.1 DDS Core -- 3.2 DDS Security -- 3.3 TLS and DTLS -- 4 Evaluation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Modeling Security Requirements and Controls for an Automated Deployment of Industrial IT Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 IEC 62443 Security Standard -- 3 Security extension for OASIS TOSCA -- 4 Model checking -- 5 Prototypical Evaluation in a Realistic Scenario -- 5.1 Use-case scenario: Operation and Monitoring of Automated-Guided Vehicles -- 5.2 Security Requirements Modeling based on IEC 62443.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Installation process details -- D.1 A closer look at CSM's updatenode script -- D.1.1 Remote shell setup -- D.1.2 Prepare RSCT -- D.1.3 Prepare managed node configuration data -- D.1.4 Perform customization on the node -- D.1.5 A close look at the updatenode.client script -- D.1.6 Record update completion -- D.1.7 Distribute configuration files -- D.2 CSM installation details using a NIM install -- D.2.1 Populating the NIM database from CSM -- D.2.2 The mechanics of integrated AIX and CSM installation via NIM -- D.2.3 A closer look at csmsetupnim -- D.2.4 NIM installation processing -- D.2.5 A closer look at csmprereboot -- D.2.6 Additional NIM processing -- D.2.7 A closer look at the csmfirstboot script -- D.3 Comparison with PSSP -- D.4 Using alternate NIM servers -- D.4.1 Defining NIM machine resources -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Appendix E. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.2 The Aims of Education: Rates of Return, Inequality and Social Mobility -- 4.3 Education Systems: Assignment, Admissions, Accountability, Autonomy -- 4.3.1 Assignment Mechanisms -- 4.3.2 Accountability, Autonomy and Regulation -- 4.3.3 Education Market Structure: Policy Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 5 Competition and Regulation in Markets for Goods and Services: A Survey with Emphasis on Digital Markets -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 A View on Competition Policy Developments in Europe -- 5.2.1 Competition Policy: The General Context -- 5.2.2 Digital Trade and Online Markets -- 5.2.3 Some Recent Competition Cases -- 5.2.4 Online Travel Agencies and MFNs -- 5.2.5 The Digital Single Market Initiative -- 5.2.6 Distinguishing Features of Digital Markets -- 5.3 Approaches in Industrial Organization -- 5.3.1 Pricing -- 5.3.2 Vertical Relations -- 5.4 Recent Research on Competition Issues Relatedto Digital Markets -- 5.5 Challenges for Research on Competition Issuesin Digital Markets -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 6 Winners and Losers of Globalization: Sixteen Challenges for Measurement and Theory -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Advances in Measurement and Data Challenges -- 6.2.1 Recent Advances in Measuring the Causes and Effects of Globalization -- 6.2.2 Data Challenges -- 6.3 Insights from Theories of Globalization -- 6.3.1 Broad Lessons about the Causes and Effects of Globalization -- 6.3.2 Insights for Policy -- 6.3.3 Open Questions -- 6.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 7 Economic Approaches to Energy, Environment and Sustainability -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Economic Approaches to the Environment -- 7.2.1 Environmental and Resource Economics -- 7.2.2 Ecological Economics -- 7.2.3 Institutional, Evolutionary, and Behavioural Economics…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 13 Enhanced Electrokinetic Techniques in Soil Remediation for Removal of Heavy Metals -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Electrokinetic Mechanism and Phenomenon -- 13.3 Limitations of the Electrokinetic Remediation Process -- 13.4 Need for Enhancement in the Electrokinetic Remediation Process -- 13.5 Enhancement Techniques -- 13.5.1 Surface Modification -- 13.6 Cation‐Selective Membranes -- 13.7 Electro‐Bioremediation -- 13.8 Electro‐Geochemical Oxidation -- 13.9 LasagnaTM Process -- 13.10 Other Potential Processes -- 13.11 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Assessment of Soil Fertility and Microbial Activity by Direct Impact of an Electrokinetic Process on Chromium‐Contaminated Soil -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Experimental Section -- 14.2.1 Soil Characteristics and Preparation of Contaminated Soil -- 14.2.2 Electrokinetic Tests, Experimental Setup, and Procedure -- 14.2.3 Testing Procedure -- 14.2.4 Extraction and Analytical Methods -- 14.2.5 Soil Nutrients -- 14.2.6 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon Analysis -- 14.2.7 Quality Control and Quality Assurance -- 14.3 Results and Discussion -- 14.3.1 Electrokinetic Remediation of Chromium‐Contaminated Soil -- 14.3.1.1 Electrical Current Changes During the Electrokinetic Experiment -- 14.3.2 pH Distribution in Soil During and After the Electrokinetic Experiment -- 14.4 Removal of Cr -- 14.4.1 The Distribution of Total Cr and Its Electroosmotic Flow During the Electrokinetic Experiment -- 14.5 Effects of the Electrokinetic Process on Some Soil Properties -- 14.5.1 Soil Organic Carbon -- 14.5.2 Soil‐Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Calcium -- 14.5.3 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 Management of Clay Properties Based on Electrokinetic Nanotechnology -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Objects of the Study -- 15.3 Methods of the Study…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…5.3 Project Development -- 5.4 Lesson Learned from the Project ``Reconversion of Abandoned Farmland ́ ́ -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Sustainable Natural Resource Management: Theory and Practice -- Chapter 7: Theoretical Models as a Tool to Derive Management Strategies for Sustainable Natural Resource Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Connecting the Understanding of Mechanism for Human Cooperation to Strategies for Cooperation in Real Setting -- 2.1 Illegal Logging Suppression -- 2.2 Model -- 2.3 Findings -- 3 Incorporating Social and Ecological Knowledge: Coupled Dynamics for Sustainable Resource Management -- 3.1 Mongolian Rangeland Management -- 3.2 Model -- 3.3 Findings -- 4 Testing Influences of New Stakeholders in Resource Use -- 4.1 Tourists and Traditional Divers in a Common Fishing Ground -- 4.2 Model -- 4.3 Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Environmental Concerns of the Pulp and Paper Industry: Focusing on Household and Sanitary Paper Products -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Survey 1: Visit and Interview APP Paper Mills -- 2.2 Survey 2: Market Survey of Household Paper Products -- 2.3 Survey 3: Interview with End Consumers -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Challenges for Major Paper Manufacturers in China -- 3.2 Difference in Market Penetration of Eco-friendly Household Paper Products in North and South China -- 3.3 University Students Value Environment More When Selecting Household Paper Products -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9: Contribution of Community-Based Ecotourism to Forest Conservation and Local Livelihoods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chambok CBET -- 3 Contribution to Forest Conservation -- 4 Contribution of CBET to Household Income -- 5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Co-designs in a Disaster Recovery Process: Case Studies in the Area Affected by the Kumamoto Earthquake…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 8.5 Collaboration as a Mechanism of Co-evolution -- 8.6 Tree of Life or Network? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.1 Internet of Robotic Things Concept -- 4.2 Emerging IoRT Technologies -- 4.2.1 Sensors and Actuators -- 4.2.2 Communication Technologies -- 4.2.3 Processing and Sensors/Actuators Data Fusion -- 4.2.4 Environments, Objects, Things Modelling and Dynamic Mapping -- 4.2.5 Virtual and Augmented Reality -- 4.2.6 Voice Recognition, Voice Control -- 4.2.7 Orchestration -- 4.2.8 Decentralised Cloud -- 4.2.9 Adaptation -- 4.2.10 Machine Learning as Enabler for Adaptive Mechanisms -- 4.2.11 End to End Operation and Information Technologies Safety and Security Framework -- 4.2.12 Blockchain -- 4.3 IoRT Platforms Architecture -- 4.3.1 IoRT Open Platforms Architectural Concepts -- 4.3.2 IoRT Open Platforms Interoperability -- 4.3.3 Marketplace for an IoRT Ecosystem -- 4.4 IoRT Applications -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Predictive and Preventive Maintenance -- 4.4.3 Autonomous Manufacturing -- 4.4.4 Autonomous Logistics, Delivery, e-commerce and Warehouse Automation -- 4.4.5 Autonomous Home Appliances, and Personal Robots -- 4.4.6 Healthcare Assistants, Elderly Assistance -- 4.4.7 Cleaning Robotic Things, Cleaning and Inspection Appliances -- 4.4.8 Buildings, Garden, City Maintenance -- 4.4.9 Entertainment and Well-Being -- 4.5 Robotics and IoT Multi Annual Roadmap -- 4.6 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 5 - STARTS - Why Not Using the Arts for Better Stimulating Internet of Things Innovation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The STARTS Initiative -- 5.2.1 STARTS Prize -- 5.2.2 VERTIGO Coordination and Support Action -- 5.2.3 Internet of Things European Large-Scale Pilots Programme -- 5.2.4 STARTS Lighthouse Pilots -- 5.3 Internet of Things and the Arts -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 - IoT Standards Landscape - State of the Art Analysis and Evolution -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 IoT Standardisation in the Consumer, Business and Industrial Space…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.2.5 Risk Assessment Code of Heavy Metals in Most Polluted Waste -- 4.3 LEACHING TOXICITY OF C&amp -- D WASTE FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES -- 4.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN MULTICONTAMINATED INDUSTRIAL C&amp -- D WASTE -- 4.4.1 PAH Existence and Its Distribution -- 4.4.2 Existence of Volatile Organic Compounds in Industrial Waste From Pesticide Manufacturing Plants -- 4.4.3 A Comprehensive Study on Characterization of Organophosphorus Pesticides-Contaminated Waste -- 4.4.4 Existence of Organophosphorus Pesticides in C&amp -- D Waste From Exterior Plant -- 4.4.5 Distribution and Possible Sources of Organic Pollutants Based on Practical and Statistical Analysis -- 4.4.6 Factors Affecting Concentration of Pollutants Among C&amp -- D Waste -- 4.4.7 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis -- 4.4.8 Principal Component Analysis -- 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF INDUSTRIAL C&amp -- D WASTE IN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING PLANT -- 4.5.1 Analysis of Contaminated Industrial C&amp -- D Waste and Its Evaluation -- 4.5.2 Exposure Pathways and Variables for Industrial C&amp -- D Waste -- 4.5.2.1 Exposure Pathways Analysis -- 4.5.2.2 Exposure Quantification -- 4.5.3 Toxicity Values of Existing Pollutants -- 4.5.4 Risk Evaluation of Industrial C&amp -- D Waste in Pesticide Manufacturing Plant -- 4.6 CYANIDE-CONTAMINATED C&amp -- D WASTE GENERATED IN A FIRE/EXPLOSION ACCIDENT -- Five - Pollution Mechanism of Contaminated Construction and Demolition Waste -- 5.1 STATIC CONTAMINATION PROCESS OF HEAVY METALS -- 5.1.1 pH Variation During Static Contamination Process -- 5.1.2 Absorptive Capacity Variation of Single Heavy Metal Solution -- 5.1.3 Absorptive Capacity Variation of Mixed Heavy Metal Solution -- 5.2 DEPTH OF CONTAMINATION THROUGH SURFACE CONTACT -- 5.2.1 pH Variation During Surface Contact -- 5.2.2 Variation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Solution…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…8.4 Microbial oil production in fed-batch cultures -- 8.5 Biodiesel production from microbial oil -- 8.5.1 Biodiesel properties -- 8.5.2 Direct versus indirect transesterification of microbial oil -- 8.6 Techno-economic evaluation of biodiesel production from microbial oil -- 8.7 Perspective of biofuel production from microbial oil -- References -- 9 - Biochemical production of bioalcohols -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Types of biomass for bioalcohol production -- 9.2.1 Characteristics of biomass -- 9.2.2 Availability of biomass -- 9.2.3 Processing of biomass -- 9.3 Bioalcohols -- 9.3.1 Types of bioalcohols -- 9.3.2 Biomethanol -- 9.3.3 Bioethanol -- 9.3.4 Biobutanol -- 9.3.5 Biopropanol -- 9.4 New technologies for bioethanol production -- 9.4.1 Development of new energy crops and alternative feedstocks -- 9.4.1.1 High fermentable corn (HFC) hybrids -- 9.4.1.2 Corn with endogenous alpha-amylase -- 9.4.1.3 Oil-producing sugarcane (lipidcane) -- 9.4.1.4 Food waste -- 9.4.2 Technologies to reduce substrate and product inhibition -- 9.4.2.1 Granular starch hydrolyzing (GSH) enzymes (reducing substrate inhibition) -- 9.4.2.2 In situ ethanol stripping using vacuum (reducing product inhibition) -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 - Production of biogas via anaerobic digestion -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 The principles of the anaerobic digestion process -- 10.2 Factors affecting the anaerobic digestion process -- 10.2.1 Temperature -- 10.2.2 pH, free ammonia, and volatile fatty acids -- 10.2.3 Feedstock composition -- 10.3 Advantages and limitations -- 10.4 Reactor configurations -- 10.5 Methods for enhancing the efficiency of anaerobic digestion -- 10.5.1 Pretreatments -- 10.5.1.1 Mechanical pretreatments -- 10.5.1.2 Thermal pretreatments -- 10.5.1.3 Chemical pretreatments -- 10.5.1.4 Biological pretreatments -- 10.5.2 Anaerobic codigestion…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.3.4 Conjugated Microporous Polymers (CMPs) -- 7.3.5 Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers (HCPs) -- 7.3.6 Porous Aromatic Frameworks (PAFs) -- 7.4 Composite Materials Made by Polymeric Matrix -- 7.4.1 Composite Poly(Amide-Amine) (PAMAM) -- 7.4.2 Polymer-Dispersed Metal Hydrides (PDMHs) -- 7.4.3 Mn Oxide Anchored to a Polymeric Matrix -- 7.5 Waste and Natural Materials -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Beneficial Effects of Graphene on Hydrogen Uptake and Release from Light Hydrogen Storage Materials -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 General Aspects of Graphene -- 8.2.1 Synthesis of Graphene -- 8.2.1.1 Mechanical Cleavage of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite -- 8.2.1.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 8.2.1.3 Chemical and Thermal Exfoliation of Graphite Oxide -- 8.2.1.4 Arc Discharge Method -- 8.2.2 Graphene as a Beneficial Additive for HS Materials -- 8.3 Beneficial Effect of Graphene: Key Results with Light Metal Hydrides (e.g., LiBH4, NaAlH4, MgH2) -- 8.3.1 Borohydrides (Tetrahydroborate) as HS Material -- 8.3.1.1 Effect of Graphene on Desorption Properties of LiBH4 -- 8.4 Alanates as HS Materials -- 8.4.1 Effect of Graphene on Sorption Behavior of NaAlH4 -- 8.4.2 Carbon Nanomaterial-Assisted Morphological Tuning of NaAlH4 to Improve Thermodynamics and Kinetics -- 8.5 Magnesium Hydride as HS Material -- 8.5.1 Catalytic Effect of Graphene on Sorption Behavior of Mg/MgH2 -- 8.5.2 Nanoparticles Templated Graphene as an Additive for MgH2 -- 8.6 Summary and Future Prospects -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 9 Hydrogen Adsorption on Nanotextured Carbon Materials -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Essential Features of Hydrogen Adsorption on Porous Carbon Materials -- 9.1.2 Measurement of the Hydrogen Storage Capacity -- 9.1.3 Excess, Absolute and Total Hydrogen Adsorption -- 9.2 Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Materials -- 9.2.1 Activated Carbons -- 9.2.2 Carbon Nanomaterials…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…6.3.1 Ho-Kalman Realization Algorithm -- 6.3.2 SVD Realization Algorithm -- 6.3.2.1 Realization: Linear Time‐Invariant Mechanical Systems -- 6.3.3 Canonical Realization -- 6.3.3.1 Invariant System Descriptions -- 6.3.3.2 Canonical Realization Algorithm -- 6.4 Deterministic Subspace Realization: Orthogonal Projections -- 6.4.1 Subspace Realization: Orthogonal Projections -- 6.4.2 Multivariable Output Error State‐Space (MOESP) Algorithm -- 6.5 Deterministic Subspace Realization: Oblique Projections -- 6.5.1 Subspace Realization: Oblique Projections -- 6.5.2 Numerical Algorithms for Subspace State‐Space System Identification (N4SID) Algorithm -- 6.6 Model Order Estimation and Validation -- 6.6.1 Order Estimation: SVD Approach -- 6.6.2 Model Validation -- 6.7 Case Study: Structural Vibration Response -- 6.8 Summary -- MATLAB Notes -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 7 Stochastic Subspace Identification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Stochastic Realization Problem -- 7.2.1 Correlated Gauss-Markov Model -- 7.2.2 Gauss-Markov Power Spectrum -- 7.2.3 Gauss-Markov Measurement Covariance -- 7.2.4 Stochastic Realization Theory -- 7.3 Classical Stochastic Realization via the Riccati Equation -- 7.4 Classical Stochastic Realization via Kalman Filter -- 7.4.1 Innovations Model -- 7.4.2 Innovations Power Spectrum -- 7.4.3 Innovations Measurement Covariance -- 7.4.4 Stochastic Realization: Innovations Model -- 7.5 Stochastic Subspace Realization: Orthogonal Projections -- 7.5.1 Multivariable Output Error State‐SPace (MOESP) Algorithm -- 7.6 Stochastic Subspace Realization: Oblique Projections -- 7.6.1 Numerical Algorithms for Subspace State‐Space System Identification (N4SID) Algorithm -- 7.6.2 Relationship: Oblique (N4SID) and Orthogonal (MOESP) Algorithms -- 7.7 Model Order Estimation and Validation -- 7.7.1 Order Estimation: Stochastic Realization Problem…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.9 Code Validation -- 4.10 Grid Independence Test -- 4.11 Results and Discussions -- 4.11.1 Heat Transfer Coefficient for Different Volume Fraction of Nanofluid -- 4.11.2 Heat Transfer Coefficient for Different Nanofluids at the Same Volume Fraction -- 4.11.3 Pumping Power -- 4.12 Case Study for a Typical Heat Exchanger -- 4.13 Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- Greek symbols -- Subscripts -- Dimensionless parameter -- References -- 5 Effects of Perforation Geometry on the Heat Transfer Performance of Extended Surfaces -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Problem Description -- 5.3 Governing Equations -- 5.4 Numerical Model Formulation -- 5.4.1 Geometric Configuration and Computational Procedure -- 5.4.2 Validation of the Numerical Simulation -- 5.5 Results and Discussions -- 5.5.1 Nusselt Number Variation with the Reynolds Number -- 5.5.2 Effects of Drag Force -- 5.5.3 Heat Removal Rate at Various Reynolds Numbers -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Numerical Study of Flow Through a Reducer for Scale Growth Suppression -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Bayer Process -- 6.2.1 Bayer Process Scaling -- 6.3 Fundamentals of Scaling -- 6.4 Particle Deposition Mechanisms -- 6.5 Fluid Dynamics Analysis in Scale Growth and Suppression -- 6.6 Target Model -- 6.7 Numerical Method -- 6.8 Grid Independence Test -- 6.9 Results and Discussion -- 6.9.1 Variation of Fluctuating Velocity Components along Radius -- 6.9.2 Variation of Fluctuating Velocity Components Along Reducer Wall -- 6.9.3 Variation of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Along Radius -- 6.10 Conclusions -- Nomenclature -- Greek symbols -- Subscripts -- References -- 7 Parametric Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Building in Subtropical Climate -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Climate Condition -- 7.3 Envelope Construction -- 7.3.1 Conventional Construction Systems -- 7.3.2 Novel Construction Systems…”