Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- n-gram models -- Hidden Markov models (HMMs) -- Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) -- How LLMs stand out -- Motivations for developing and using LLMs -- Improved performance -- Broad generalization -- Few-shot learning -- Understanding complex contexts -- Multilingual capabilities -- Human-like text generation -- Challenges in developing LLMs -- Amounts of data -- Computational resources -- Risk of bias -- Model robustness -- Interpretability and debugging -- Environmental impact -- Different types of LLMs -- Transformer models -- Example designs of state-of-the-art LLMs -- GPT-3.5 and ChatGPT -- LM pretraining -- Training the reward model -- How to fine-tune the model using reinforcement learning -- GPT-4 -- LLaMA -- PaLM -- Open-source tools for RLHF -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Accessing the Power of Large Language Models: Advanced Setup and Integration with RAG -- Technical requirements -- Setting up an LLM application - API-based closed source models -- Choosing a remote LLM provider -- Prompt engineering and priming GPT -- Experimenting with OpenAI's GPT model -- Setting up an LLM application - local open source models -- About the different aspects that distinguish between open source and closed source -- Hugging Face's hub of models -- Employing LLMs from Hugging Face via Python -- Exploring advanced system design - RAG and LangChain -- LangChain's design concepts -- Data sources…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Noting How Working Reduces Benefits -- Taking the penalty for exceeding the annual income limit -- Determining the penalty on a monthly basis -- The penalty isn't always bad -- Preserving Your Benefits -- Deferring income -- Using your corporation -- Considering exempt income -- Relying on special income -- Being Aware of Potential Income Taxes on Your Benefits -- Understanding how modified adjusted gross income works -- Reducing taxes on benefits -- Changing Your Mind: A Do-Over -- Deciding whether you should take a do-over -- Doing the do-over -- Looking at What the Future Holds for Social Security -- Chapter 11 Getting the Most Out of Medicare -- Starting Medicare: A Broad Overview of Enrollment Deadlines -- Understanding Part A.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Stronger trade growth would help to boost productivity -- Figure 1.13. Broad measures of labour market slack remain elevated -- Figure 1.14. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Asset and industry breakdown of capital stock data in OECD databases -- Capital services for the total economy, 8-way asset break down -- Net and gross capital stocks by broad economic activities, with 9-way asset break-down -- Net and gross capital stocks by detailed industries, no asset break-down -- Alternative capital stocks, for the total economy, no asset break-down -- How to access OECD capital input measures -- Notes -- References -- Annex D. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Sources of additional information -- 4.13 How can service-learning lead to the broad and deep engagement of an entire academic department? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Sizzling and sinking -- Momentum riders and bottom feeders -- Doing Sector Investing Right -- Calculating your optimal sector mix -- Seeking risk adjustment with high- and low-volatility sectors -- Knowing where the style grid comes through -- Combining strategies to optimize your portfolio -- Seeking low correlations for added diversification -- Sector Choices by the Dozen -- Vanguard ETFs -- Select Sector SPDRs: State Street Global Advisors (Part 1) -- SPDRs: State Street Global Advisors (Part 2) -- BlackRock's iShares -- Invesco -- Fidelity -- Chapter 11 Real Estate Investment Trusts: Becoming a Virtual Landlord -- Considering Five Distinguishing Characteristics of REITs -- Limited correlation to the broad markets -- Unusually high dividends -- Different taxation of dividends -- Special status among financial pros -- Connection to tangible property -- Calculating a Proper REIT Allocation -- Judging from the past -- Splitting the baby: Domestic and international REIT funds -- Picking REIT ETFs for Your Portfolio -- U.S. domestic REIT ETFs -- International and Global REIT funds -- Chapter 12 Dividend Funds: The Search for Steady Money -- Your High-Dividend ETF Options -- Promise of Riches or Smoke and Mirrors? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Volatility 216 9.4.1 Squared Variations 216 9.4.2 Additivity in Time 216 9.4.3 Static Hedges 218 9.4.4 Broad Measure of Risk 218 9.5 Conclusions 218 10 Variance Futures at Eurex 219 10.1 Introduction 219 10.2 Variance Futures Concepts 220 10.2.1 Realized Variance 220 10.2.2 Net Present Value Concepts 220 10.2.3 Traded Variance Strike 224 10.2.4 Traded Futures Price 224 10.2.5 Number of Futures 225 10.2.6 Par Variance Strike 225 10.2.7 Futures Settlement Price 225 10.3 Example Calculation for a Variance Future 225 10.4 Comparison of Variance Swap and Future 230 10.5 Conclusions 233 11 Trading and Settlement 235 11.1 Introduction 235 11.2 Overview of Variance Futures Terms 235 11.3 Intraday Trading 236 11.4 Trade Matching 239 11.5 Different Traded Volatilities 239 11.6 After the Trade Matching 241 11.7 Further Details 243 11.7.1 Interest Rate Calculation 243 11.7.2 Market Disruption Events 243 11.8 Conclusions 244 IV DX Analytics 245 12 DX Analytics -- An Overview 247 12.1 Introduction 247 12.2 Modeling Risk Factors 248 12.3 Modeling Derivatives 250 12.4 Derivatives Portfolios 253 12.4.1 Modeling Portfolios 253 12.4.2 Simulation and Valuation 255 12.4.3 Risk Reports 256 12.5 Conclusions 257 13 DX Analytics -- Square-Root Diffusion 259 13.1 Introduction 259 13.2 Data Import and Selection 259 13.3 Modeling the VSTOXX Options 262 13.4 Calibration of the VSTOXX Model 264 13.5 Conclusions 269 13.6 Python Scripts 269 13.6.1 dx_srd_calibration.py 269 14 DX Analytics -- Square-Root Jump Diffusion 275 14.1 Introduction 275 14.2 Modeling the VSTOXX Options 275 14.3 Calibration of the VSTOXX Model 279 14.4 Calibration Results 283 14.4.1 Calibration to 1 Maturity 283 14.4.2 Calibration to 2 Maturities 283 14.4.3 Calibration to 5 Maturities 285 14.4.4 Calibration without Penalties 285 14.5 Conclusions 288 14.6 Python Scripts 288 14.6.1 dx_srjd_calibration.py 288 Bibliography 303 Index 305.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Panicked Gossip, the Crow's Nest, or the Wireless -- Business Intelligence -- Business Intelligence and Microsoft SQL Server 2012 -- Chapter 2: Making the Most of What You've Got-Using Business Intelligence -- What Business Intelligence Can Do for You -- When We Know What We Are Looking For -- Layout-led Discovery -- Data-led Discovery -- Discovering New Questions and Their Answers -- Business Intelligence at Many Levels -- The Top of the Pyramid -- Highly Summarized Measures -- Higher Latency -- Mid-Level -- Summarized Measures with Drilldown -- Some Latency Acceptable -- The Broad Base -- Measures at the Detail Level -- Low Latency -- Maximum Miniatures, Inc. -- Business Needs -- Current Systems -- Manufacturing Automation -- Order Processing -- Point of Sale -- MaxMin.com -- Accounting -- Building the Foundation -- Chapter 3: Seeking the Source-The Source of Business Intelligence -- Seeking the Source -- Transactional Data -- Difficulties Using Transactional Data for Business Intelligence -- The Data Mart -- Features of a Data Mart -- Not Real-Time Data -- Consolidation and Cleansing -- Data Mart Structure -- Measures -- Dimensions -- The Star Schema -- Attributes -- Hierarchies -- The Snowflake Schema -- Snowflakes, Stars, and Analysis Services -- Chapter 4: Two, Two, Two Models in One-The BI Semantic Model -- Online Analytical Processing…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Speaking on a Prestigious Stage -- TED vs TEDx -- How to Get onto a TEDx Stage -- How to Prepare for a TEDx Talk -- Tips for Your TEDx Talk -- What Compelled Elaine to Be a Speaking Coach -- Chapter Twenty One: Self-Publishing 101: The Book Broad Explains Self-Publishing Success -- The Mission of Book Launchers -- The Right Mindset -- The Spine of Your Book -- Writing for Your Reader -- On Compilation Books -- What Should Your Book's Title Be? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Policy can promote AI use that complements human labour and broadly shared productivity gains -- References -- Notes -- 4 Artificial intelligence, job quality and inclusiveness -- Introduction -- 4.1. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…. -- ...but finding sufficient additional funds for health in the current economic context is challenging -- In the coming decades, OECD countries face a dual challenge of upward pressures on health spending and constraints on government revenues -- 1.3. Countries have four broad policy levers to finance more resilient health systems -- Policy lever 1: Increase government spending and allocate part of these additional funds to health -- Dependent on the state of public finance, more feasible in countries with low tax burdens and debt levels -- Policy lever 2: Increase allocation to health within existing government budgets -- Dependent on political priorities, but more viable in countries with relatively low allocations to health -- Policy lever 3: Reassess the boundaries between public and private spending -- While this option can free up government resources, it also entails major risks -- Policy lever 4: Find greater efficiency gains -- Can be a politically appealing solution, but requires bold reforms to deliver substantial cost-savings -- These four policy levers are not mutually exclusive -- 1.4. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- Finding blogs -- Blog search engines -- Additional ways to locate blogs -- Understanding Why People Blog -- Blogging for fun -- Blogging for networking -- Blogging for exposure -- Blogging for business -- Blogging for branding -- Deciding to Start a Blog -- Blogging benefits -- Blogging repercussions -- Blogging success secrets -- Setting your goals -- Chapter 2 Preparing to Start and Write a Blog -- Choosing a Topic -- Reviewing popular blog topics -- Determining the best topic for your blog -- Blog about a topic you love -- Blog about a topic you like discussing with other people -- Blog about a topic you enjoy researching -- Going broad or staying focused -- Finding Your Voice -- Selecting Suitable Topics -- Deciding what to write about -- Knowing what not to write about -- Writing Great Blog Posts -- Writing meaningful and interesting content -- Staying consistent -- Being honest -- Citing sources -- Using images -- Writing for the web -- Understanding Types of Blog Posts -- Avoiding Blogger's Block and Finding Blog Post Ideas…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 2.1 The Constituent Elements of the Rule of Law as a Fundamental Value of the EU System -- 3 The Challenge of Crafting a 'Core' Curriculum for the EU Law- and EU Studies-Related Courses -- 3.1 The Essential Methodological Toolkit for Teaching EU Law and EU Studies More Broadly -- 4 The Topic of the Rule of Law in EU Law- and EU Studies-Related Course Curricula -- 4.1 The Importance of Teaching Students About How the Rule of Law Works and How to Apply It…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Selected Experimental Parameter Dependencies 2.4.1. Introduction 2.4.2. Broad Area Lasers 2.4.3. Unstable Resonator Lasers 2.4.4. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.2 The Aims of Education: Rates of Return, Inequality and Social Mobility -- 4.3 Education Systems: Assignment, Admissions, Accountability, Autonomy -- 4.3.1 Assignment Mechanisms -- 4.3.2 Accountability, Autonomy and Regulation -- 4.3.3 Education Market Structure: Policy Summary -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 5 Competition and Regulation in Markets for Goods and Services: A Survey with Emphasis on Digital Markets -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 A View on Competition Policy Developments in Europe -- 5.2.1 Competition Policy: The General Context -- 5.2.2 Digital Trade and Online Markets -- 5.2.3 Some Recent Competition Cases -- 5.2.4 Online Travel Agencies and MFNs -- 5.2.5 The Digital Single Market Initiative -- 5.2.6 Distinguishing Features of Digital Markets -- 5.3 Approaches in Industrial Organization -- 5.3.1 Pricing -- 5.3.2 Vertical Relations -- 5.4 Recent Research on Competition Issues Relatedto Digital Markets -- 5.5 Challenges for Research on Competition Issuesin Digital Markets -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 6 Winners and Losers of Globalization: Sixteen Challenges for Measurement and Theory -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Advances in Measurement and Data Challenges -- 6.2.1 Recent Advances in Measuring the Causes and Effects of Globalization -- 6.2.2 Data Challenges -- 6.3 Insights from Theories of Globalization -- 6.3.1 Broad Lessons about the Causes and Effects of Globalization -- 6.3.2 Insights for Policy -- 6.3.3 Open Questions -- 6.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 7 Economic Approaches to Energy, Environment and Sustainability -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Economic Approaches to the Environment -- 7.2.1 Environmental and Resource Economics -- 7.2.2 Ecological Economics -- 7.2.3 Institutional, Evolutionary, and Behavioural Economics…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Exploring -- 9.12. Giving Broad Openings -- 9.13. Offering General Leads -- 9.14. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- The Empire Strikes Back -- Portrait of the Artist as a Young Hack -- Chapter 2: A Sharp Pencil Works Best: Some thoughts on getting started -- Why Nobody Ever Chooses Brand X -- Staring at Your Partner's Shoes -- Why the Creative Process is Exactly like washing a Pig -- The Sudden Cessation of Stupidity -- It's all about the Benjamins -- Brand = Adjective -- Simple = Good -- Before you Put Pen to Paper -- Start by examining the current positioning of your product -- Get to know your client's business as well as you can -- On the other hand, there's value in staying stupid -- Get to know the client's customers as well as you can -- Ask to see the entire file of the client's previous work -- Make sure what you have to say matters -- Insist on a tight strategy -- The final strategy should be simple -- Question the brief -- Testing strategy is better than testing executions -- Listen to customers talk -- Scan the places where your work will appear -- Read the awards books -- study the sites -- Look at the competitors' advertising -- Chapter 3: A Clean Sheet of Paper: Coming up with an idea-the broad strokes -- Saying the Right thing the Right Way -- Remember, you have two problems to solve: the client's and yours -- Find the central human truth about your product -- Tell the truth and run. -- Identify and leverage the central conflicts within your client's company or category -- A Few Words on Authenticity -- Try the competitor's product -- Pose the problem as a question -- Don't be afraid to ask dumb questions…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- The Types of Investments -- What's in These Funds? -- What Does Broadly Diversified Mean? -- Where Does Investing for Good Come In? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Flash Memory -- 6.13.1 Uses of FRAM Devices -- 6.14 Conclusion and Upcoming Trends -- References -- Chapter 7 Applications of AI/ML Algorithms in VLSI Design and Technology -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning -- 7.3 AI/ML Algorithms -- 7.4 Supervised Machine Learning (SML) -- 7.5 Classification Techniques -- 7.6 K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) -- 7.7 Support Vector Machine (SVM) -- 7.8 Linearly Separable Classification -- 7.9 Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) -- 7.10 Performance Measures in Classification -- 7.11 Unsupervised Machine Learning (UML) -- 7.12 Hierarchical Clustering -- 7.13 Partitional Clustering -- 7.14 K-Means -- 7.15 Fuzzy (soft) Clustering -- 7.16 Cluster Validation Measures -- 7.17 Internal Clustering Validation Measures -- 7.18 External Clustering Validation Criteria -- 7.19 Limitation and Challenges - VLSI -- References -- Chapter 8 Advancement of Neuromorphic Computing Systems with Memristors -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Evolution in Neural Networks -- 8.1.2 Study Plan and Difficulties in Exhibiting Effective Neuromorphic Computing Systems -- 8.1.3 Hardware for Neuromorphic Systems -- 8.1.4 Device-Level Perspective -- 8.1.5 Electrical Circuits to Realize Neurons -- 8.1.6 Broad Applications of Neuromorphic Computing -- 8.2 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Neuromorphic Computing and Its Application -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Evolution of Neuroinspired Computing Chips -- 9.3 Science Behind Brain Physics -- 9.4 Limitations of Semiconductor Devices -- 9.5 Various Combination of Networks -- 9.5.1 ANN-SNN Hybrid -- 9.5.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Hybrid -- 9.5.3 Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) Hybrid -- 9.5.4 Ensemble Hybrid -- 9.5.5 Different Types of Neural Networks -- 9.6 Artificial Intelligence…”