“…Many existing works using firm-level data sets have examined whether or not knowledge spills over from MNEs to domestically owned firms in a less developed country, but the literature has not come to a general consensus on the presence of spillovers. A possible reason for the mixed results is that they do not adequately address domestic and foreign efforts for active diffusion. …”

“…An advantage of this database –as compared with those used by previous studies- is that makes it possible to look at industrial specialization in terms of value added instead of gross exports, covering both services and manufactures in a panel of advanced and developing economies. …”

“…The key to our methodology is to minimise the extrapolations and keep the data as close as possible to those directly available from national censuses (in the spirit of the work of De la Fuente and Doménech for OECD countries). …”

“…It has also made it possible to tailor the provision of public services to citizens’ needs and willingness to pay and to experiment with a variety of policies. …”

“…Other arguments, such as the possibility that public investment pays for itself, do not receive strong empirical support. …”

“…This has raised concerns about possible adverse labour market impacts from such high tax rates. …”

“…The Israeli temporary labour migration scheme is characterised by a strong dependency of certain sectors on foreign workers; disengagement of governmental agencies from direct involvement in recruitment, inspection of work conditions, effective enforcement of labour laws, and provision of services for foreign workers; a strong emphasis on temporariness coupled with lengthy and sometimes indefinite extension of possible stay (up to 63 months and potentially more); and lastly, by an entrenched client politics that guides policies on quota setting, permit allocation and employer subsidies. …”

“…This paper examines environmental and institutional implications of the use of tradable GHG units under different international accounting scenarios in the post-2012 international climate change policy framework. A range of possible scenarios is presented based on analysis on various building blocks for emissions accounting. …”

“…It is a tool to assess whether contracting out might be a possible way forward – either temporarily or over a longer period of time – for delivering a core service (such as basic education, healthcare, water and sanitation) or a government function (such as managing public finances and human resources). …”

“…All OECD countries are agreed in having as a main objective that elderly people should be able to stay for as long as possible in their own homes, and that they should be able to receive good residential care close to their own community ("ageing in place"). …”

“…This paper identifies refinements to the macroeconomic framework that will help Brazil to achieve strong performance in a new environment in which population will age at a rapid pace, heavy reliance on oil resources will increase public revenue volatility and uncertainties regarding the external environment are higher, possibly permanently. More specifically, the country needs to pursue fiscal consolidation and remove existing rigidities in the budget process. …”

“…The aim of this paper is to carry out some experiments using variants of a stylised CGE model, to ascertain the possible effects on poverty of a range of budget-neutral redistributive income transfers. …”

“…This paper examines a possible linkage between the two that has so far not been explored: corruption may affect a country’s composition of capital inflows in a way that makes it more likely to experience a currency crisis that is triggered/aided by international investors’ self-fulfilling expectations. …”

“…A first analysis of the possible channels suggests that the larger size of polygamous households plays an important role. …”

“…The challenge is to achieve objectives in a cost-effective manner and to ensure that these ambitions contribute as much as possible to global GHG emissions mitigation and to stronger and greener growth in Denmark. …”

“…The underlying causes of the banking sector problems are related to: i. the activities of the Landesbanken which benefitted from government guarantees without a proper business model; ii. weak capitalization and high fragmentation of the whole banking system, possibly related to the particularly rigid three-pillar structure; and iii. deficiencies in banking regulation and supervision. …”

“…There is a long-running debate on possible negative effects of maternal employment on child development. …”

“…Barriers to the effective use of sub-national governments’ taxing powers should be removed while efforts should be made to keep the tax system as simple and neutral as possible. Existing fiscal rules and market instruments should be hardened. …”

“…Le Centre de l’OCDE pour la recherche et l’innovation dans l’enseignement a présenté trois scénarios possibles pour l’avenir de l’école au cours des 15 à 20 prochaines années. …”

“…Second, exchanges and buybacks allow debt managers to increase the issuance of on-the-run securities above and beyond what would otherwise have been possible. The resulting more rapid build-up of new bonds enhances market liquidity of these securities. …”