Tabla de Contenidos: “…blank -- Substitute for Coal in Power Generation -- 3.1.1 Direct Cost Comparison Between Gas Generation and Coal Generation -- 3.1.2 Other Factors Influencing the Competitiveness of Gas-Fired Power Generation -- 3.1.3 Conclusions Regarding the Prospects of Gas Replacing Coal in Power Generation -- 3.2 Transport: Analysis of Natural Gas as a Substitute for Diesel -- 3.2.1 Primary Motivators for Natural Gas to Replace Diesel -- 3.2.2 Natural Gas Oil Replacement Price Tolerance in the Urban Transport Sector -- 3.2.3 Commercial Vehicle Natural Gas Diesel Replacement Price Tolerance -- 3.2.4 Ship Transport Natural Gas Diesel Replacement Price Tolerance -- 3.2.5 General Factors in the Transportation Market Relating to Gas Replacement of Diesel…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Editorial Board of the Book Series -- Editor-in-Chief -- Assistant Editors-in-Chief -- Editors -- KLC2020 Managing Committee -- Advisory Members for KLC2020 -- KLC2020 Official Promoters -- Public Sectors: KLC2020 Official Promoters-Public -- International Unions/Associations, Governmental Organizations, Universities and Research Institutes -- Private Sectors: KLC2020 Official Promoters-Private -- Companies and Corporation -- Standing Editors for KLC2020 Book Series -- Editorial Office -- Global Promotion Committee of the International Programme on Landslides and Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020 -- A Commitment to the Sendai Framework and the Sustainable Development Goals -- Members of the IPL-KLC Global Promotion Committee -- Contents -- Part I: ICL Landslide Lesson -- Advancements in Shear Strength Interpretation, Testing, and Use for Landslide Analysis -- 1 Background -- 2 Causes of Landslides -- 3 Planning and Design of Landslide Stabilization Works -- 4 Brief Overview of Shear Strengths -- 5 Shear Strength Measurements -- 5.1 Direct Shear Tests -- 5.2 Triaxial Tests -- 5.3 Direct Simple Shear Tests -- 5.4 Ring Shear Tests -- 5.5 Cyclic Simple Shear Tests -- 5.6 Cyclic Triaxial Tests -- 6 Correlations Methods to Obtain Soil Shear Strengths -- 6.1 Fully Softened Shear Strength -- 6.2 Residual Shear Strength -- 6.3 Undrained Shear Strengths of Over-Consolidated Clays -- 6.4 Cyclic Shear Strength -- 6.5 Post-Cyclic Undrained Shear Strength -- 6.6 Various Other Correlations -- 7 Example of Shear Strength Estimation with Correlation Methods -- 8 Summary and Recommendations -- References -- Rock Avalanches in the Tibetan Plateau of China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Setting of the Studied Area -- 3 Distribution of Rock Avalanches in the Study Area -- 3.1 Spatial Distribution of Rock Avalanches in the Himalayan Range, China…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.2.1 Bifurcation Reduction -- 7.3 N‐Infusion at 120 °C -- 7.4 N‐Infusion at Medium Temperatures -- 7.5 Unifying Quench Fields -- 7.6 Quench Detection by Second Sound in Superfluid Helium -- Chapter 8 Improvements in Cavity Preparation -- 8.1 Comparisons of Cold and Warm Electropolishing Methods -- 8.2 Chemical Soaking -- 8.3 Optical Inspection System and Defects Found -- 8.4 Robotics in Cavity Preparation -- 8.5 Plasma Processing to Reduce Field Emission -- Chapter 9 Pursuit of Higher Performance with Alternate Materials -- 9.1 Nb Films on Cu Substrates -- 9.1.1 Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering -- 9.1.2 DC‐bias Diode Sputtering at High Temperature (400-600 °C) -- 9.1.3 Seamless Cavity Coating -- 9.1.4 Nb-Cu Films by ECR -- 9.1.5 Nb-Cu Films via High‐Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HIPIMS) -- 9.2 Alternatives to Nb -- 9.2.1 Nb3Sn -- 9.2.2 MgB2 -- 9.2.3 NbN and NbTiN -- 9.3 Multilayers -- 9.3.1 SIS\stquote Structures -- 9.3.2 Theoretical Estimates -- 9.3.3 Results -- 9.3.4 SS\stquote Structures -- 9.4 Summary -- Part IV Applications -- Chapter 10 New Cavity Developments -- 10.1 Crab Cavities for LHC High Luminosity -- 10.2 Short‐Pulse X‐Rays (SPX) System for the APS Upgrade -- 10.3 QWR Cavity for Acceleration -- 10.4 Traveling Wave Structure Development -- Chapter 11 Ongoing Applications -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Low‐Beta Accelerators for Nuclear Science and Nuclear Astrophysics -- 11.2.1 ATLAS at Argonne -- 11.2.2 ISAC and ISAC‐II at TRIUMF -- 11.2.3 SPIRAL II at GANIL -- 11.2.4 HIE ISOLDE -- 11.2.5 RILAC at RIKEN -- 11.2.6 SPES Upgrade of ALPI at INFN -- 11.2.7 FRIB at MSU -- 11.2.8 RAON -- 11.2.9 Spoke Resonator Structure Developments to Avoid Multipacting -- 11.2.10 JAEA Upgrade -- 11.2.11 HELIAC -- 11.2.12 SARAF -- 11.2.13 HIAF at IMP -- 11.2.14 IFMIF -- 11.3 High‐Intensity Proton Accelerators -- 11.3.1 SNS -- 11.3.2 ESS…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Machine generated contents note: Preface List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Forward Problem 1.2 Inverse Problem 1.3 Issues in Inverse Problem Solving 1.4 Linear, Nonlinear and Linearized Problems 2 Signal and System as Vectors 2.1 Vector Space 2.1.1 Vector Space and Subspace 2.1.2 Basis, Norm and Inner Product 2.1.3 Hilbert Space 2.2 Vector Calculus 2.2.1 Gradient 2.2.2 Divergence 2.2.3 Curl 2.2.4 Curve 2.2.5 Curvature 2.3 Taylor's Expansion 2.4 Linear System of Equations 2.4.1 Linear System and Transform 2.4.2 Vector Space of Matrix 2.4.3 Least Square Solution 2.4.4 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 2.4.5 Pseudo-inverse 2.5 Fourier Transform 2.5.1 Series Expansion 2.5.2 Fourier Transform 2.5.3 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) 2.5.4 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 2.5.5 Two-dimensional Fourier Transform References 3 Basics for Forward Problem 3.1 Understanding PDE using Images as Examples 3.2 Heat Equation 3.2.1 Formulation of Heat Equation 3.2.2 One-dimensional Heat Equation 3.2.3 Two-dimensional Heat Equation and Isotropic Diffusion 3.2.4 Boundary Conditions 3.3 Wave Equation 3.4 Laplace and Poisson Equations 3.4.1 Boundary Value Problem 3.4.2 Laplace Equation in a Circle 3.4.3 Laplace Equation in Three-dimensional Domain 3.4.4 Representation Formula for Poisson Equation References 4 Analysis for Inverse Problem 4.1 Examples of Inverse Problems in Medical Imaging 4.1.1 Electrical Property Imaging 4.1.2 Mechanical Property Imaging 4.1.3 Image Restoration 4.2 Basic Analysis 4.2.1 Sobolev Space 4.2.2 Some Important Estimates 4.2.3 Helmholtz Decomposition 4.3 Variational Problems 4.3.1 Lax-Milgram Theorem 4.3.2 Ritz Approach 4.3.3 Euler-Lagrange Equations 4.3.4 Regularity Theory and Asymptotic Analysis 4.4 Tikhonov Regularization and Spectral Analysis 4.4.1 Overview of Tikhonov Regularization 4.4.2 Bounded Linear Operators in Banach Space 4.4.3 Regularization in Hilbert Space or Banach Space 4.5 Basics of Real Analysis 4.5.1 Riemann Integrable 4.5.2 Measure Space 4.5.3 Lebesgue Measurable Function 4.5.4 Pointwise, Uniform, Norm Convergence and Convergence in Measure 4.5.5 Differentiation Theory References 5 Numerical Methods 5.1 Iterative Method for Nonlinear Problem 5.2 Numerical Computation of One-dimensional Heat equation 5.2.1 Explicit Scheme 5.2.2 Implicit Scheme 5.2.3 Crank-Nicolson Method 5.3 Numerical Solution of Linear System of Equations 5.3.1 Direct Method using LU Factorization 5.3.2 Iterative Method using Matrix Splitting 5.3.3 Iterative Method using Steepest Descent Minimization 5.3.4 Conjugate Gradient (CG) Method 5.4 Finite Difference Method (FDM) 5.4.1 Poisson Equation 5.4.2 Elliptic Equation 5.5 Finite Element Method (FEM) 5.5.1 One-dimensional Model 5.5.2 Two-dimensional Model 5.5.3 Numerical Examples References 6 CT, MRI and Image Processing Problems 6.1 X-ray CT 6.1.1 Inverse Problem 6.1.2 Basic Principle and Nonlinear Effects 6.1.3 Inverse Radon Transform 6.1.4 Artifacts in CT 6.2 MRI 6.2.1 Basic Principle 6.2.2 K-space Data 6.2.3 Image Reconstruction 6.3 Image Restoration 6.3.1 Role of p in (6.35) 6.3.2 Total Variation Restoration 6.3.3 Anisotropic Edge-preserving Diffusion 6.3.4 Sparse Sensing 6.4 Segmentation 6.4.1 Active Contour Method 6.4.2 Level Set Method 6.4.3 Motion Tracking for Echocardiography References 7 Electrical Impedance Tomography 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Measurement Method and Data 7.2.1 Conductivity and Resistance 7.2.2 Permittivity and Capacitance 7.2.3 Phasor and Impedance 7.2.4 Admittivity and Trans-impedance 7.2.5 Electrode Contact Impedance 7.2.6 EIT System 7.2.7 Data Collection Protocol and Data Set 7.2.8 Linearity between Current and Voltage 7.3 Representation of Physical Phenomena 7.3.1 Derivation of Elliptic PDE 7.3.2 Elliptic PDE for Four-electrode Method 7.3.3 Elliptic PDE for Two-electrode Method 7.3.4 Min-max Property of Complex Potential 7.4 Forward Problem and Model 7.4.1 Continuous Neumann-to-Dirichlet Data 7.4.2 Discrete Neumann-to-Dirichlet Data 7.4.3 Nonlinearity between Admittivity and Voltage 7.5 Uniqueness Theory and Direct Reconstruction Method 7.5.1 Calderon's Approach 7.5.2 Uniqueness and Three-dimensional Reconstruction: Infinite Measurements 7.5.3 Nachmann's D-bar Method in Two Dimension 7.6 Backprojection Algorithm 7.7 Sensitivity and Sensitivity Matrix 7.7.1 Perturbation and Sensitivity 7.7.2 Sensitivity Matrix 7.7.3 Linearization 7.7.4 Quality of Sensitivity Matrix 7.8 Inverse Problem of EIT 7.8.1 Inverse Problem of RC Circuit 7.8.2 Formulation of EIT Inverse Problem 7.8.3 Ill-posedness of EIT Inverse Problem 7.9 Static Imaging 7.9.1 Iterative Data Fitting Method 7.9.2 Static Imaging using 4-channel EIT System 7.9.3 Regularization 7.9.4 Technical Difficulty of Static Imaging 7.10 Time-difference Imaging 7.10.1 Data Sets for Time-difference Imaging 7.10.2 Equivalent Homogeneous Admittivity 7.10.3 Linear Time-difference Algorithm using Sensitivity Matrix 7.10.4 Interpretation of Time-difference Image 7.11 Frequency-difference Imaging 7.11.1 Data Sets for Frequency-difference Imaging 7.11.2 Simple Difference Ft,ω2− Ft,ω1 7.11.3 Weighted Difference Ft,ω2− [alpha] Ft,ω1 7.11.4 Linear Frequency-difference Algorithm using Sensitivity Matrix 7.11.5 Interpretation of Frequency-difference Image References 8 Anomaly Estimation and Layer Potential Techniques 8.1 Harmonic Analysis and Potential Theory 8.1.1 Layer Potentials and Boundary Value Problems for Laplace Equation 8.1.2 Regularity for Solution of Elliptic Equation along Boundary of Inhomogeneity 8.2 Anomaly Estimation using EIT 8.2.1 Size Estimation Method 8.2.2 Location Search Method 8.3 Anomaly Estimation using Planar Probe 8.3.1 Mathematical Formulation 8.3.2 Representation Formula References 9 Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography 9.1 Data Collection using MRI 9.1.1 Measurement of Bz 9.1.2 Noise in Measured Bz Data 9.1.3 Measurement of B = (Bx,By,Bz) 9.2 Forward Problem and Model Construction 9.2.1 Relation between J , Bz and σ 9.2.2 Three Key Observations 9.2.3 Data Bz Traces σ∇u © e z-directional Change of σ 9.2.4 Mathematical Analysis toward MREIT Model 9.3 Inverse Problem Formulation using B or J 9.4 Inverse Problem Formulation using Bz 9.4.1 Model with Two Linearly Independent Currents 9.4.2 Uniqueness 9.4.3 Defected Bz Data in a Local Region 9.5 Image Reconstruction Algorithm 9.5.1 J-substitution Algorithm 9.5.2 Harmonic Bz Algorithm 9.5.3 Gradient Bz Decomposition and Variational Bz Algorithm 9.5.4 Local Harmonic Bz Algorithm 9.5.5 Sensitivity Matrix Based Algorithm 9.5.6 Anisotropic Conductivity Reconstruction Algorithm 9.5.7 Other Algorithms 9.6 Validation and Interpretation 9.6.1 Image Reconstruction Procedure using Harmonic Bz Algorithm 9.6.2 Conductivity Phantom Imaging 9.6.3 Animal Imaging 9.6.4 Human Imaging 9.7 Applications References 10 Magnetic Resonance Elastography 10.1 Representation of Physical Phenomena 10.1.1 Overview of Hooke's Law 10.1.2 Strain Tensor in Lagrangian Coordinates 10.2 Forward Problem and Model 10.3 Inverse Problem in MRE 10.4 Reconstruction Algorithms 10.4.1 Reconstruction of [mu] with the Assumption of Local Homogeneity 10.4.2 Reconstruction of [mu] without the Assumption of Local Homogeneity 10.4.3 Anisotropic Elastic Moduli Reconstruction 10.5 Technical Issues in MRE References…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- About the Author xi -- Foreword xiii -- Preface xv -- List of Acronyms xvii -- Part I THEORETICAL BASIS -- 1 Introduction 3 -- 1.1 The OSI Model 4 -- 1.2 From Network Layer to IP Layer 6 -- 1.3 Pitfall of the OSI Model 7 -- 1.4 Tactical Networks Layers 9 -- 1.5 Historical Perspective 10 -- Bibliography 11 -- 2 The Physical Layer 13 -- 2.1 Modulation 13 -- 2.1.1 Signal-in-Space (SiS) 16 -- 2.2 Signal Detection 22 -- 2.2.1 Signal Detection in Two-Dimensional Space 24 -- 2.2.2 Multidimensional Constellations for AWGN 28 -- 2.3 Non-Coherent Demodulation 29 -- 2.4 Signal Fading 29 -- 2.5 Power Spectrum 31 -- 2.6 Spread Spectrum Modulation 34 -- 2.6.1 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 35 -- 2.6.2 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum 38 -- 2.7 Concluding Remarks 40 -- 2.7.1 What Happens Before Modulation and After Demodulation? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Influences of culture on perception -- 3.1. Direct versus indirect genetic influences on culture -- 3.2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Application Integration pattern -- 3.1 Using the pattern -- 3.2 Defining the Application Integration patterns -- 3.2.1 Business and IT drivers -- 3.2.2 Context -- 3.2.3 Solution -- 3.2.4 Putting the pattern to use -- 3.2.5 Application Integration considerations -- 3.2.6 What's next -- 3.3 Application patterns -- 3.4 Process-focused Application patterns -- 3.4.1 Direct Connection Application pattern -- 3.4.2 Direct Connection: Message Connection variation -- 3.4.3 Direct Connection: Call Connection variation -- 3.4.4 Broker Application pattern -- 3.4.5 Broker: Router variation…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 6.1 Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Fiber Tip Micro-Michelson Interferometer; 6.2 Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Angled Fiber End; 6.3 Optical Fiber Sensor Based on In-Line Interferometer; ; CHAPTER 7 SURFACE-PLASMON-RESONANCE-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 7.1 Coating of Optical Fiber; 7.2 Theoretical Modeling Multimode Optical Fiber Sensor Based on SPR; 7.3 EMD-Based Filtering Algorithm; ; CHAPTER 8 SAGNAC-INTERFEROMETER-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 8.1 Principle of Sagnac Interferometer; 8.2 Optical Fiber Gyroscope; 8.3 The Optical Fiber Coil Quality Inspection Method; 8.3.1 Group Birefringence Thermal Coefficient of Polarization-Maintaining Fibers; 8.3.2 Optical Fiber Coil Winding Method; 8.3.3 Polarization Crosstalk Measurement; 8.3.4 Transient Characteristics Measurement with Temperature Stimulation; 8.4 Optical Fiber Current Sensing; ; CHAPTER 9 MODE-INTERFERENCE-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 9.1 Mode Interference Theory of Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode; 9.2 Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Based on SMS; 9.2.1 Sensor Design and Fabrication; 9.2.2 Self-Temperature-Compensation Sensing; 9.2.3 Simultaneous Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing; 9.3 Optical Fiber Magnetic Field Sensor Based on SMS; 9.3.1 Magnetic Fluid; 9.3.2 Sensor Design and Fabrication; 9.3.3 Simultaneous Magnetic Field and Temperature Sensing; ; CHAPTER 10 WHISPER-GALLERY-MODE-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 10.1 Whisper-Gallery-Mode Theory; 10.2 Process of Micro Capillary With Inner Pressure Air; 10.2.1 Drawing System and Drawing Model; 10.2.2 Fabrication of Microtube; 10.2.3 Fabrication of Hollow Microsphere; 10.3 Optical Fiber Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Microtube WGM; 10.3.1 Magnetic Nanoparticle Assembly; 10.3.2 Sensor Fabrication and Measurement; 10.4 Optical Fiber Dual Parameters Sensor Based on Hollow Microsphere WGM; 10.5 Ultraprecise Resonance Wavelength Determination Method; ; CHAPTER 11 OPTICAL FIBER INTRA-CAVITY LASER GAS SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 11.1 Theory of Optical Fiber Intra-Cavity Laser Gas Sensing; 11.1.1 Principle of Optical Fiber Laser; 11.1.2 Sensitivity Enhancement of Gas Sensing by Direct Absorption; 11.1.3 Optical Fiber Intra-Cavity Laser Gas Sensing by Wavelength Modulation; 11.1.4 Effect of Temperature on Performance of Gas Sensing; 11.2 Optical Fiber Intra-Cavity Laser Gas Sensing System Design; 11.3 Spectrum Signal Process; 11.3.1 De-Noise with EMD; 11.3.2 Baseline Extraction; 11.3.3 Spectrum Separation; 11.3.4 Concentration Demodulation; 11.4 Wavelength Calibration Analysis and Gas Recognition; ; CHAPTER 12 OPTICAL FIBER BASED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; 12.1 Optical Fiber Coherence Tomography Theory; 12.1.1 Time-Domain Optical Fiber Based Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.1.2 Frequency-Domain Optical Fiber Based Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.2 Functional Optical Fiber Based Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.2.1 Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.2.2 Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.3 Biomedical Applications; 12.3.1 Dentistry; 12.3.2 Cardiovasology; 12.3.3 Neurology; ; CHAPTER 13 DISCRETE OPTICAL FIBER SENSING NETWORK TECHNOLOGY; 13.1 Topology of Optical Fiber Sensing Network; 13.2 Robustness Evaluation of Optical Fiber Sensing Network; 13.2.1 Robustness Evaluation Model; 13.2.2 Robustness Affection Factor; 13.2.3 Optimization Arrangement; ; CHAPTER 14 DISTRIBUTED VIBRATION SENSING BASED ON DUAL MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; 14.1 Theory of Distributed Vibration Sensing Based on Dual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer; 14.1.1 Principle of System; 14.1.2 Performance Affection Factor; 14.2 Polarization Control Method; 14.2.1 Polarization-Induced Phase Shift and Polarization-Induced Fading; 14.2.2 Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm; 14.2.3 Genetic Algorithm; 14.2.4 Annealing Algorithm; 14.3 Interferometer Based Distributed Vibration Sensing Instrument Design; 14.4 Signal Process Algorithm and Instrument; 14.3.1 Endpoint Detection; 14.3.2 Position Determination; 14.3.3 Intrusion Pattern Recognition; ; CHAPTER 15 REGIONAL STYLE INTELLIGENT PERIMETER SECURITY TECHNIQUE BASE ON MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; 15.1 Principle of System; 15.2 Instrument Design; 15.3 Perimeter Security Application; ; CHAPTER 16 DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSING BASED ON RAMAN SCATTERING; 16.1 Raman Scattering Theory; 16.2 Principle of System; 16.3 Systemn Design; 16.4 De-Noising Algorithm Based on EEMD; 16.5 Applicaion on Electric Power Industry; ; CHAPTER 17 DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING BASED ON OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; 17.1 Theory of Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.1.1 Direct-Detection-Based Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.1.2 Coherent-Detection-Based Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.2 Pulse Modulation Method; 17.3 Acoustic Sensitivity Enhance Method of Optical Fiber; 17.4 Dual-Pulse Coherent Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.5 Chirp-Pulse Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; ; CHAPTER 18 DISTRIBUTED SENSING BASED ON OPTICAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; 18.1 Principle of Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry; 18.2 Measurement Range OFDR Beyond Laser Coherence Length; 18.3 Laser Frequency Tuning Nonlinearity and Compensation; 18.3.1 Laser Frequency Tuning Nonlinearity; 18.3.2 Compensation Using Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transform; 18.3.3 Compensation Using Deskew Filter; 18.4 Distributed Sensing System and Application; 18.4.1 Distributed Vibration Sensing Base on Correlation Analysis; 18.4.2 Distributed Strain and Temperature Measurement; 18.4.3 Distributed Magnetic Field and Current Sensor Bas…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…5.6 Prudential Treatment of Crypto-asset Exposures -- 5.7 SSBs, United States and European Union -- 5.7.1 BCBS: Prudential Treatment on Banks' Crypto-asset Exposures -- 5.7.2 CPMI - IOSCO: PFMI and Stablecoins -- 5.7.3 IOSCO -- 5.7.4 FATF - AML / CFT -- 5.7.5 Survey of Jurisdictions on the State of Crypto-asset Regulation -- 5.8 European Union - MiCA -- 5.9 United States -- 5.10 DeFi Specific Regulation -- 5.10.1 DEXs -- 5.10.2 Stablecoins -- 5.11 Chapter Summary -- Notes -- Part II DLT in Traditional Finance -- Chapter 6 Central Bank Digital Currencies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Prologue: Libra -- 6.3 Role of the Central Bank -- 6.4 Structure of the Monetary System and a View Towards the Future -- 6.5 Central Bank Motivations and Considerations around CBDCs -- 6.6 Retail vs Wholesale CBDCs -- 6.7 Wholesale CBDCs -- 6.7.1 Domestic W-CBDCs -- 6.7.2 Bilateral W-CBDCs -- 6.7.3 Multilateral CBDCs (mCBDCs) -- 6.8 Case Study: Project mBridge -- 6.9 Retail CBDCs -- 6.10 Benefits and Risks of R-CBDCs -- 6.11 R-CBDC Design Choices -- 6.11.1 Nature of Claims and Role of the Central Bank -- 6.11.2 DLT or Conventional Centralized Ledger -- 6.11.3 Token- or Account-based Access -- 6.11.4 Cross-border -- 6.11.5 Holding and Transaction Limits -- 6.11.6 Interest Yielding -- 6.12 Types of R-CBDCs -- 6.12.1 Direct -- 6.12.2 Two-tier Models: Hybrid and Intermediated -- 6.12.3 Indirect / Synthetic -- 6.13 Examples of R-CBDCs -- 6.14 Case Study: Nigerian eNaira -- 6.15 Case Study: United States -- 6.16 Case Study: eCNY -- 6.17 Chapter Summary -- Notes -- Chapter 7 Asset Tokenization -- 7.1 What Is Asset Tokenization? …”

“…Ranging from the surveillance and care that migrants experience to the re-creation of social ties and the re-claiming of space, this collection volume seeks to show how a critical approach to in-between place-making can challenge the idea of place as fixed, singular, or one-directional, offering new ways of understanding migrant trajectories"--…”

“…Answers critical questions such as: how can a photographer avoid having the subject look awkward? How does one direct both experienc…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Convolution of the Radiation Forces -- 3.5.1. Direct Numerical Integration -- 3.5.2. Prony Identification Method -- 3.5.3. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2.4 Forest Vertical Structure Estimation Using Multi-baseline Polarimetric SAR Acquisitions -- 2.4.1 Polarimetric SAR Tomography -- 2.4.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.4.1.2 Methodology -- 2.4.1.3 Experimental Results -- 2.4.1.4 Comparison with Single/Dual Polarization Data -- 2.4.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.4.2 Estimation of Vegetation Structure Parameters -- 2.4.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.4.2.2 Methodology -- 2.4.2.3 Experimental Results -- 2.4.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.5 Biomass Estimation -- 2.5.1 Biomass Estimation: A Review -- 2.5.1.1 Introduction, Motivation -- 2.5.1.2 Methodology -- 2.5.1.2.1 Direct Biomass Estimation -- 2.5.1.2.2 Model-Based Estimation -- 2.5.1.2.3 Allometric Biomass Estimation -- 2.5.1.3 Experimental Results -- 2.5.1.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.5.2 Biomass Estimation from Semi-empirical Relationships -- 2.5.2.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 2.5.2.2 Methodology -- 2.5.2.3 Experimental Results -- 2.5.2.4 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- 3: Agriculture and Wetland Applications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Crop Type Mapping -- 3.2.1 Evaluation of C-Band Polarimetric SAR for Crop Classification -- 3.2.1.1 Introduction, Motivation and Literature Review -- 3.2.1.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1.3 Experimental Results -- 3.2.1.4 Comparison with Single-/Dual-Polarisation Data -- 3.2.1.5 Discussion on the Role of Polarimetry, on the Maturity of the Application and Conclusions -- 3.2.2 Crop Classification Using Multitemporal L- and C-Band Airborne Polarimetric SAR…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…La réforme du secteur de l'électricité -- Encadré 1. Directive de l'UE sur la libéralisation du marché de l'électricité -- Tableau 3. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…. -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Background -- 6.1.2 Technical challenges and requirements -- 6.1.3 Overview of chapter and introduction to next-generation receivers -- 6.2 Particle receivers1 -- 6.2.1 Direct particle heating receivers -- 6.2.1.1 Free-falling particle receivers -- 6.2.1.2 Obstructed particle receivers -- 6.2.1.3 Rotating kiln/centrifugal receivers -- 6.2.1.4 Fluidized particle receivers…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…6.3.1.3 Ultrashort pulse lasers -- 6.3.2 Wavelength based division -- 6.3.2.1 Mid infrared lasers (mid IR) -- 6.3.2.2 Infrared lasers (IR lasers) -- 6.3.2.3 Ultraviolet lasers (UV lasers) -- 6.4 Material removal mechanisms -- 6.4.1 Thermal ablation -- 6.4.2 Cold ablation/photochemical ablation/photo ablation -- 6.5 Laser microprocessing of materials -- 6.5.1 Direct laser micromachining in open surroundings -- 6.5.1.1 Metals and alloys -- 6.5.1.2 Semiconductors, composites, and specially developed materials -- 6.5.1.3 Glass and polymers -- 6.5.2 Direct laser micromachining in different surrounding conditions -- 6.6 Challenges and future of laser processing -- References -- 7 Underwater pulsed laser beam cutting with a case study -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Laser as a machine tool -- 7.3 Laser material interaction -- 7.4 Laser beam cutting -- 7.4.1 Process characteristics -- 7.4.2 Cut quality characteristics -- 7.4.3 Principles of laser beam cutting -- 7.4.3.1 Different types of laser beam cutting -- 7.4.3.1.1 Laser sublimation cutting -- 7.4.3.1.2 Controlled fracture technique -- 7.4.3.1.3 Laser fusion cutting -- 7.4.3.1.4 Reactive fusion cutting -- 7.4.3.1.5 Laser cutting at different assisted medium -- 7.4.3.1.6 Laser beam microcutting -- 7.4.4 Application of laser beam machining -- 7.5 Underwater laser beam machining -- 7.5.1 Advantages of laser beam cutting at submerged condition -- 7.5.2 Material removal mechanism of nanosecond pulsed laser beam cutting at submerged condition -- 7.5.3 Development of different types of liquid-assisted laser beam machining -- 7.5.3.1 Laser beam cutting in submerged condition -- 7.5.3.2 Underwater assist gas jet/waterjet assisted laser beam cutting -- 7.5.3.3 Molten salt-jet-guided/chemical laser beam -- 7.5.3.4 Water jet following the laser beam…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…3.6.6.1 Transmission lines tour inspection system characteristics -- 3.6.6.2 The advantages of tour inspection system -- References -- 4 Transmission lines detection technology -- 4.1 Faulty Insulator Detection -- 4.1.1 The Characteristics of Faulty Insulators -- 4.1.2 Detection Methods of Faulty Insulators -- 4.1.2.1 Electrical quantity detection methods -- 4.1.2.2 Nonelectric quantity detection method -- 4.2 Voltage Detection in Operation -- 4.2.1 Requirements for Voltage Detector -- 4.2.1.1 Functions and technical requirements of voltage detectors -- 4.2.1.2 Electrical insulation requirements for voltage detectors -- 4.2.2 Methods of Voltage Detection Working -- 4.2.2.1 Direct voltage detection and indirect voltage detection -- 4.2.2.2 Methods and devices of voltage detection -- 4.3 Detection of Grounding Devices -- 4.3.1 Requirements for Grounding Type and Grounding Resistance -- 4.3.1.1 Grounding type -- 4.3.1.2 The main defects of grounding devices -- 4.3.1.3 Requirements for power frequency ground resistance in poles and towers -- 4.3.2 Measurement Methods of Power Frequency of Tower Ground Resistance -- 4.3.2.1 Three-electrode method -- 4.3.2.2 Four-electrode method -- 4.3.2.3 Clamp meter measuring method -- 4.3.3 Notes for Measuring Grounding Resistance and the Operating Maintenance of the Grounding Device -- 4.3.3.1 Notes for measuring grounding resistance -- 4.3.3.2 Operation maintenance for grounding device -- 4.4 Detection of Conductors and Ground Wires and Splicing Fittings -- 4.4.1 Performance Requirements and Heating Reasons for Conductors and Ground Wires and Splicing Fittings -- 4.4.1.1 Performance requirements -- 4.4.1.2 Reasons for temperature increase -- 4.4.1.3 Measures taken -- 4.4.2 Detection Methods -- 4.4.2.1 Ocular estimate method -- 4.4.2.2 Infrared thermal imaging detection method…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.2.2 Liu et al. [48] -- 4.2.3 Zhang et al. [43] -- 4.2.4 Comparative overview -- 5 GPU Solutions for Sequence-Profile Comparison -- 5.1 GPU Solutions Using the Viterbi Algorithm -- 5.1.1 Horn et al. [32] -- 5.1.2 Du et al. [44] -- 5.1.3 Walters et al. [33] -- 5.1.4 Yao et al. [34] -- 5.1.5 Ganesan et al. [49] -- 5.1.6 Ferraz and Moreano [36] -- 5.2 GPU Solutions Using the MSV Algorithm -- 5.2.1 Li et al. [35] -- 5.2.2 Cheng and Butler [37] -- 5.2.3 Araújo Neto and Moreano [50] -- 5.3 Comparative Overview -- 6 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7: Graph algorithms on GPUs -- 1 Graph representation for GPUs -- 1.1 Adjacency Matrices -- 1.2 Adjacency Lists -- 1.3 Edge Lists -- 2 Graph traversal algorithms: the breadth first search (BFS) -- 2.1 The Frontier-Based Parallel Implementation of BFS -- 2.2 BFS-4K -- 3 The single-source shortest path (SSSP) problem -- 3.1 The SSSP Implementations for GPUs -- 3.2 H-BF: An Efficient Implementation of the Bellman-Ford Algorithm -- 4 The APSP problem -- 4.1 The APSP Implementations for GPUs -- 5 Load Balancing and Memory Accesses: Issuesand Management Techniques -- 5.1 Static Mapping Techniques -- 5.1.1 Work-items to threads -- 5.1.2 Virtual warps -- 5.2 Semidynamic Mapping Techniques -- 5.2.1 Dynamic virtual warps + dynamic parallelism -- 5.2.2 CTA + warp + scan -- 5.3 Dynamic Mapping Techniques -- 5.3.1 Direct search -- 5.3.2 Local warp search -- 5.3.3 Block search -- 5.3.4 Two-phase search -- 5.4 The Multiphase Search Technique -- 5.5 Coalesced Expansion -- 5.6 Iterated Searches -- References -- Chapter 8: GPU alignment of two and three sequences -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Pairwise alignment -- 1.2 Alignment of Three Sequences -- 2 GPU architecture -- 3 Pairwise alignment -- 3.1 Smith-Waterman Algorithm -- 3.2 Computing the Score of the Best Local Alignment…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2.7 Case Study -- 2.7.1 Testing Data -- 2.7.2 Case One - OFFPIM Application -- 2.7.3 Case Two - ONPIM Application -- 2.7.4 Discussions -- 2.8 Model Uncertainties -- 2.8.1 Battery Aging -- 2.8.2 Battery Type -- 2.8.3 Battery Temperature -- 2.9 Other Battery Models -- 2.10 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Battery State of Charge and State of Energy Estimation -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Classification -- 3.2.1 Look‐Up‐Table‐Based Method -- 3.2.2 Ampere‐Hour Integral Method -- 3.2.3 Data‐Driven Estimation Methods -- 3.2.4 Model‐Based Estimation Methods -- 3.3 Model‐Based SOC Estimation Method with Constant Model Parameters -- 3.3.1 Discrete‐Time Realization Algorithm -- 3.3.2 Extended Kalman Filter -- 3.3.2.1 Selection of Correction Coefficients -- 3.3.2.2 SOC Estimation Based on EKF -- 3.3.3 SOC Estimation Based on HIF -- 3.3.4 Case Study -- 3.3.5 Influence of Uncertainties on SOC Estimation -- 3.3.5.1 Initial SOC Value -- 3.3.5.2 Dynamic Working Condition -- 3.3.5.3 Battery Temperature -- 3.4 Model‐Based SOC Estimation Method with Identified Model Parameters in Real‐Time -- 3.4.1 Real‐Time Modeling Process -- 3.4.2 Case Study -- 3.5 Model‐Based SOE Estimation Method with Identified Model Parameters in Real‐Time -- 3.5.1 SOE Definition -- 3.5.2 State Space Modeling -- 3.5.3 Case Study -- 3.5.4 Influence of Uncertainties on SOE Estimation -- 3.5.4.1 Initial SOE Value -- 3.5.4.2 Dynamic Working Condition -- 3.5.4.3 Battery Temperature -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Battery State of Health Estimation -- 4.1 Background -- 4.2 Experimental Methods -- 4.2.1 Direct Measurement Methods -- 4.2.1.1 Capacity or Energy Measurement -- 4.2.1.2 Internal Resistance Measurement -- 4.2.1.3 Impedance Measurement -- 4.2.1.4 Cycle Number Counting -- 4.2.1.5 Destructive Methods -- 4.2.2 Indirect Analysis Methods -- 4.2.2.1 Voltage Trajectory Method…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.13 Secondary Batteries/Cells -- 7.14 Elements of Secondary Cells -- 7.15 The Electrolyte -- 7.16 Capacity of Cells -- 7.17 Internal Resistance of Secondary Cells -- 7.18 Makeup of Cells -- 7.19 Charging and Discharging of Lead-Acid Secondary Batteries -- 7.20 Constant Current Charging -- 7.21 Constant Voltage Charging -- 7.22 Efficiencies of a Cell -- 7.23 Faults -- 7.24 Alkaline Cells -- 7.25 Nife Nickel Cadmium Alkaline Cell -- 7.26 Mercury Cell -- 7.27 Silver-Oxide Cell -- 7.28 Grouping of Cells -- 7.28.1 Cells in Series -- 7.28.2 Cells in Parallel -- 7.28.3 Cells in Series Parallel -- 7.29 Grouping Cells for Maximum Current -- Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) -- Conventional Questions (CQ) -- 8: Electromagnetism -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Attraction and Repulsion -- 8.3 The Inverse Square Law -- 8.4 Lines of Force -- 8.5 Magnetic Flux -- 8.6 Permeability -- 8.7 Permeability (B-H) Curves -- 8.8 The Domain Theory of Magnetism -- 8.9 Electromagnetism -- 8.10 Direction of Magnetic Field -- 8.11 Magnetizing Force of Electromagnetic Fields -- 8.12 Indicating the Direction of Current Flow -- 8.13 Rule of Direction -- 8.14 Electrodynamic Forces -- 8.15 Forces between Magnet Poles -- 8.16 Magnetic Moment -- 8.16.1 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field -- 8.17 Flux Density of a Solenoid -- 8.18 Magnetic Circuit -- 8.18.1 Magnetomotive Force -- 8.18.2 Flux Density -- 8.18.3 Reluctance -- 8.18.4 Magnetic Reluctance and Electrical Resistance -- 8.18.5 Comparison of Magnetic Circuit and Electric Circuit -- 8.18.6 Application of Ohm's Law to the Magnetic Circuit -- 8.19 Magnetic Induction -- 8.19.1 Direction of Induced e.m.f. -- 8.19.2 Magnitude of Induced e.m.f. -- 8.20 Magnetic Shields -- 8.21 Reluctance -- 8.22 Series Magnetic Circuits -- 8.23 Parallel Magnetic Circuit -- 8.24 Electromagnets -- 8.24.1 Leakage Flux, Useful Flux…”