“…This book presents a comprehensive overview of EBV, including information on its potential for oncogenic activity, its various isolates, and possible vaccine candidates…”

“…Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during carcinogenesis. Important tumor suppressor miRNAs are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in activation of target oncogenes in human malignancies. …”

“…Factors that initiate or progress cancer development, including viral, hormonal, oncogenic and biochemical stimuli are then described, as are interactions with the cancer extracellular environment. …”

“…Book also summarizes the molecular control of oncogenic pathways such as K-Ras and KLF4. Since pancreatic cancer metastasizes to vital organs resulting in poor prognosis, special emphasis is given to the mechanism of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. …”

“…The main subject of this book is the study of the structure and characteristics of lipid membranes in a wide variety of environments, ranging from simple phospholipid membranes to complex systems including proteins, peptides, or oncogenes as well as the analysis of the interactions of the membrane components with small molecules and drugs. …”

“…Our deeper understanding of oncogenic mechanisms has finally begun to have a crucial impact on clinical decisions at several steps, from cancer prevention and diagnosis to therapeutic intervention. …”

“…However, the replication of damaged DNA may occur frequently prior to repair, resulting in gene mutations and the generation of altered proteins. Mutations in an oncogene, a tumor-suppressor gene, or a gene that controls the cell cycle give rise to a clonal cell population with an advantage in proliferation. …”

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are a type of short non-coding RNA, are involved in number of processes, such as differentiation, development, inflammation, immune response, and cancer. miRNAs, which act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, can control and regulate the translation and stability of target messenger RNA, contributing to cancer pathogenesis. …”

“…Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species generation, the over-production of inflammatory cytokines, the activation of oncogenes, DNA damage, telomere shortening, and the accumulation of senescent cells are all widely accepted mechanisms contributing to aging. …”

“…Deregulated miR expression has been detected in numerous cancers, where miRs act as both oncogene and tumor suppressors. Due to their important roles in tumorigenesis, miRs have been investigated as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and as useful targets for therapeutic intervention. …”

“…Recent advances in understanding signalling pathways for malignant cells, their interconections,the importance of various receptors and biomarkers and the interplay between various oncogenes have led to the development of targeted treatments that are improving both efficacy and safety of the treatments. …”

“…For example the importance of apoptosis, autophagy, cytokines, growth factors, oncogenes, cell cycling, receptors, gene regulation, protective mechanisms, repair mechanisms, transcription factors, signaling pathways, transgenic mice, knock-out mice, humanized mice, polymorphisms, microarray technology, second-generation sequencing, genomics, proteomics, epigenetics, exposome, microbiota, read across, adverse outcome pathways, high-content screening, computational toxicology, innovative test methods, organ-on-a-chip, etc. in understanding the mechanisms of toxicity and the regulation of chemicals…”

“…Persistent infection with oncogenic HPV is recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer. …”

“…Somatic or inherited mutations frequently occur in tumor suppressor genes (PTEN, TSC1/2, LKB1) and oncogenes (PIK3CA, PIK3R1, AKT) in the PI3K/mTOR pathway. …”

“…However, the efficacy of these agents is often impaired due to mutations in genes that are involved in these stress-responsive signalling pathways and instead the oncogenic potential of a cell is increased leading to the initiation and/or progression of tumourigenesis. …”

“…Background More than 120 subgroups of HPV have been identified, and at least 14 of these are oncogenic types. Persistent HPV infections are necessary, but not sufficient for development of cervical cancers. …”

“…The correlation between elevated polyamine levels and cancer is well established, and ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme in the production of putrescine, is a bona fide transcriptional target of the Myc oncogene. Furthermore, induced polyamine catabolism contributes to carcinogenesis that is associated with certain forms of chronic infection and/or inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species. …”

“…The generation of genetically engineered mouse models of HG-SOC has been a major dilemma as models with the oncogenic aberrations common in the human malignancy do not accurately recapitulate HG-SOC. …”

“…This relates to several important issues which need to be addressed further, i.e. in terms of a close link between chronic inflammation and tumourigenesis widely observed; clinical and experimental evidence of immunity against tumours versus the highly immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment being associated; and their underlying immunological mechanisms, oncogenic basis, as well as the true causal relationship in question. …”

“…Because infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the underlying cause of cervical cancer, there is interest in the use of HPV testing as a screening test for cervical cancer. …”