Tabla de Contenidos: “…6.4 Evaluation of recent reforms -- Conclusion -- References -- Germany -- Abstract -- Table of Contents -- 1 The context -- Life expectancy increases, but at a slower pace than the OECD average -- Germany's population is projected to age and to decrease -- 2 Long-term care insurance -- Germany introduced the LTCI as a "fifth pillar "of the social security system in 1995 -- Employers and employees contribute to the social LTCI with a share of their salary -- The rate of beneficiaries has increased over the past three decades -- An ageing population and the expansion in beneficiaries and benefits lead to increasing expenditures -- 3 Beneficiaries at a glance -- Four out of five beneficiaries receive home care -- 3.1 Eligibility for LTCI benefits -- 3.2 Entitlements for LTCI benefits -- The system favours home care over residential care -- Most beneficiaries opt for cash benefits for home care, but expenditures are highest for residential -- Benefits have been expanded since 1995, most notably in 2015/2017 -- 4 Providers of home and residential care -- 4.1 Home care providers -- 4.2 Residential care providers -- 4.3 LTC workforce in home and residential care -- 5 Choice and service pricing -- 5.1 Price-setting in home care -- Co-payment rates are unclear in LTC -- 5.2 Price-setting in residential care -- Co-payments of beneficiaries have increased over the past decades -- References -- Japan -- Abstract -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Development of health services -- 1.1 Historical background -- 1.2 Regulating the number and function of hospital beds -- 2 Development of social services -- 3 LTCI -- 3.1 Basic design -- 3.2 Development of LTCI -- 4 Health Insurance Fee Schedule -- 4.1 Basic structure -- 4.2 Revision process -- 4.3 Outpatient care and home care -- 4.4 Inpatient care -- 5 LTCI Fee Schedule -- 5.1 Basic structure…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Forschungsdesign und Methoden 113 6.1 SPHERE: Science Productivity, Higher Education, Research and Development, and the Knowledge Society 114 6.2 Methodisches Vorgehen 116 6.3 Herausforderungen im Umgang mit bibliometrischen Daten 127 6.4 Die Repräsentativität der Daten 131 6.5 Die Daten der OECD, des Statistischen Bundesamtes und des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung 134 6.6 Konzeptspezifikation und Operationalisierung 135 6.7 Unterschiedliche Methoden zur Berechnung der wissenschaftlichen Produktivität 145 6.8 Die Gewichtung der Daten 149 7. …”