Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 4.6.1 Example for the Calculation of an Imaging Constellation -- References -- Chapter 5 Camera Calibration -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Terminology -- 5.2.1 Camera, Camera System -- 5.2.2 Coordinate Systems -- 5.2.3 Interior Orientation and Calibration -- 5.2.4 Exterior and Relative Orientation -- 5.2.5 System Calibration -- 5.3 Physical Effects -- 5.3.1 Optical System -- 5.3.2 Camera and Sensor Stability -- 5.3.3 Signal Processing and Transfer -- 5.4 Mathematical Calibration Model -- 5.4.1 Central Projection -- 5.4.2 Camera Model -- 5.4.3 Focal Length and Principal Point -- 5.4.4 Distortion and Affinity -- 5.4.5 Radial Symmetrical Distortion -- 5.4.6 Radial Asymmetrical and Tangential Distortion -- 5.4.7 Affinity and Nonorthogonality -- 5.4.8 Variant Camera Parameters -- 5.4.9 Sensor Flatness -- 5.4.10 Other Parameters -- 5.5 Calibration and Orientation Techniques -- 5.5.1 In the Laboratory -- 5.5.2 Using Bundle Adjustment to Determine Camera Parameters -- 5.5.3 Other Techniques -- 5.6 Verification of Calibration Results -- 5.7 Applications -- 5.7.1 Applications with Simultaneous Calibration -- 5.7.2 Applications with Precalibrated Cameras -- References -- Chapter 6 Camera Systems in Machine Vision -- 6.1 Camera Technology -- 6.1.1 History in Brief -- 6.1.2 Machine Vision versus Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) -- 6.2 Sensor Technologies -- 6.2.1 Spatial Differentiation: 1D and 2D -- 6.2.2 CCD Technology -- 6.2.3 CMOS Image Sensor -- 6.2.4 MATRIX VISION Available Cameras…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Souto A procedure to generate optimized ramp designs using mathematical programming N. Espejo, P. Nancel-Penard & N. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Dictionaries and Sets -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Dictionaries -- 6.2.1 Creating a Dictionary -- 6.2.2 Iterating through a Dictionary -- 6.2.3 Basic Dictionary Operations -- 6.2.4 Dictionary Methods keys and values -- 6.2.5 Dictionary Comparisons -- 6.2.6 Example: Dictionary of Student Grades -- 6.2.7 Example: Word Counts -- 6.2.8 Dictionary Method update -- 6.2.9 Dictionary Comprehensions -- 6.3 Sets -- 6.3.1 Comparing Sets -- 6.3.2 Mathematical Set Operations -- 6.3.3 Mutable Set Operators and Methods -- 6.3.4 Set Comprehensions -- 6.4 Intro to Data Science: Dynamic Visualizations -- 6.4.1 How Dynamic Visualization Works -- 6.4.2 Implementing a Dynamic Visualization -- 6.5 Wrap-Up -- 7. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…13.3 An Illustrative Example on Ergonomic Design Evaluation -- 13.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 Optimization of Energy Generated from Ocean Wave Energy Using Fuzzy Logic -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Control Approach in Wave Energy Systems -- 14.3 Related Work -- 14.4 Mathematical Modeling for Energy Conversion from Ocean Waves -- 14.5 Proposed Methodology -- 14.5.1 Wave Parameters -- 14.5.2 Fuzzy-Optimizer -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 The m-Polar Fuzzy TOPSIS Method for NTM Selection -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Literature Review -- 15.3 Methodology -- 15.3.1 Steps of the mFS TOPSIS -- 15.4 Case Study -- 15.4.1 Effect of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Weight Calculation on the mFS TOPSIS Method -- 15.4.2 Effect of Shannon's Entropy Weight Calculation on the m-Polar Fuzzy Set TOPSIS Method -- 15.5 Results and Discussions -- 15.5.1 Result Validation -- 15.6 Conclusions and Future Scope -- References -- Chapter 16 Comparative Analysis on Material Handling Device Selection Using Hybrid FMCDM Methodology -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 MCDM Techniques -- 16.2.1 FAHP -- 16.2.2 Entropy Method as Weights (Influence) Evaluation Technique -- 16.3 The Proposed Hybrid and Super Hybrid FMCDM Approaches -- 16.3.1 TOPSIS -- 16.3.2 FMOORA Method -- 16.3.3 FVIKOR -- 16.3.4 Fuzzy Grey Theory (FGT) -- 16.3.5 COPRAS -G -- 16.3.6 Super Hybrid Algorithm -- 16.4 Illustrative Example -- 16.5 Results and Discussions -- 16.5.1 FTOPSIS -- 16.5.2 FMOORA -- 16.5.3 FVIKOR -- 16.5.4 Fuzzy Grey Theory (FGT) -- 16.5.5 COPRAS-G -- 16.5.6 Super Hybrid Approach (SHA) -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17 Fuzzy MCDM on CCPM for Decision Making: A Case Study -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Literature Review -- 17.3 Objective of Research -- 17.4 Cluster Analysis -- 17.4.1 Hierarchical Clustering -- 17.4.2 Partitional Clustering -- 17.5 Clustering…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.5.3.5 Laser beam cutting of opaque material at partially submerged condition -- 7.5.3.6 Laser beam cutting of transparent material at partially submerged condition -- 7.5.3.7 Hybrid waterjet laser cutting -- 7.6 Pulsed IR laser ablation of Inconel 625 superalloy at submerged condition: A case study -- 7.6.1 Experimental setup -- 7.6.2 Development of mathematical model -- 7.6.3 ANOVA analysis -- 7.6.4 Effects of different process parameters on machining responses -- 7.6.4.1 Effect of different process parameters on kerf width -- 7.6.4.2 Effect of different process parameters on depth of cut -- 7.6.4.3 Effect of different process parameters on HAZ width -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 8 Glass molding process for microstructures -- 8.1 Application of microstructures -- 8.1.1 Optical imaging in an optical system -- 8.1.1.1 Refraction -- 8.1.1.2 Diffraction -- 8.1.2 Positioning sensor in machine tools and measurement equipment -- 8.1.2.1 Linear grating -- 8.1.2.2 Face grating -- 8.1.3 Micro fluid control in a biomedical field -- 8.2 Fundamental of glass molding technique -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Materials suited for optical microstructures molding -- 8.2.2.1 Polymethyl methacrylate -- 8.2.2.2 Low-melting optical glass -- 8.2.2.3 Infrared Materials -- 8.2.3 Mold material -- 8.2.3.1 Commonly used mold material -- 8.2.3.2 Mold machining method -- 8.2.3.3 New mold plating material -- 8.3 Modeling and simulation of microstructure molding -- 8.3.1 Modeling of viscoelastic constitutive -- 8.3.1.1 The Maxwell model -- Creep -- Relaxation -- Recovery -- 8.3.1.2 The Kelvin model -- Creep -- Relaxation -- Recovery -- 8.3.1.3 The Burger model -- 8.3.2 Simulation of microstructure molding process -- 8.3.2.1 2D modeling -- 8.3.2.2 3D modeling -- 8.3.3 GMP simulation coupling heat transfer and viscous deformation…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…3.5.3.11 Investigating Payback Times for Various Systems -- 3.5.3.12 Development of Advanced Building Envelopes -- 3.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Reflective Materials for Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Retrofitting of Roofs -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 White Reflective Materials -- 4.2.1 Brief History -- 4.2.2 Properties -- 4.2.3 Cost-Effectiveness of Reflective White Materials -- 4.3 Colored Reflective Materials -- 4.3.1 Brief History -- 4.3.2 Properties -- 4.3.3 Cost Effectiveness of Colored Reflective Materials -- 4.4 Retroreflective Materials -- 4.5 Thermochromic Materials -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Solar Air Collectors for Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Retrofitting -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of SACs -- 5.2.1 Unglazed Transpired Solar Air Collectors -- 5.2.1.1 Theoretical Studies of UTSAC -- 5.2.1.2 Mathematical Models to Predict Existing UTSAC Outputs -- 5.2.1.3 Experimental Studies on Existing UTSAC -- 5.2.2 Back-Pass Solar Air Collector -- 5.3 Unglazed SAC Numerical Model -- 5.3.1 Experimental Setup and Methodology -- 5.3.1.1 System Description -- 5.3.1.2 Global Solar Radiation Measurements -- 5.3.1.3 Air Temperature Measurements -- 5.3.1.4 Airflow Measurements -- 5.3.1.5 Wind-Speed Measurements -- 5.3.2 Data Collection -- 5.3.2.1 Measurement Processing -- 5.3.2.2 Air Inlet and Outlet Temperatures -- 5.3.2.3 Airflow Rate -- 5.3.3 Energy-Balance Equations -- 5.4 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) -- 5.4.1 Energy Analysis -- 5.4.2 Economic Analysis -- 5.4.2.1 Operation and Maintenance Costs -- 5.4.2.2 Life-Cycle Savings -- 5.4.2.3 Simple Payback Period -- 5.4.3 Results -- 5.4.3.1 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) -- 5.4.4 Summary of Economic Analysis -- 5.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) for Cost-Effective Energy-Efficient Retrofitting…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…17.3 Effects and Negative Consequences of Harmonics 535 -- 17.4 International Standards for Harmonics 536 -- 17.5 Types of Harmonics 537 -- 17.5.1 Harmonic Current Sources 537 -- 17.5.2 Harmonic Voltage Sources 537 -- 17.6 Passive Filters 539 -- 17.7 Power Definitions 540 -- 17.8 Active Power Filters 543 -- 17.9 APF Switching Frequency Choice Methodology 547 -- 17.10 Harmonic Current Extraction Techniques (HCET) 548 -- 17.11 Shunt Active Power Filter 555 -- 17.12 Series Active Power Filter 564 -- 17.13 Unified Power Quality Conditioner 565 -- Acknowledgment 569 -- References 569 -- 18A Hardware-in-the-Loop Systems with Power Electronics: A Powerful Simulation Tool 573 -- 18A.1 Background 573 -- 18A.2 Increasing the Performance of the Power Stage 575 -- 18A.3 Machine Model of an Asynchronous Machine 581 -- 18A.4 Results and Conclusions 583 -- References 589 -- 18B Real-Time Simulation of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) 591 -- 18B.1 Introduction 591 -- 18B.2 Choice of Modeling for MMC and Its Limitations 597 -- 18B.3 Hardware Technology for Real-Time Simulation 598 -- 18B.4 Implementation for Real-Time Simulator Using Different Approach 601 -- 18B.5 Conclusion 606 -- References 606 -- 19 Model Predictive Speed Control of Electrical Machines 608 -- 19.1 Introduction 608 -- 19.2 Review of Classical Speed Control Schemes for Electrical Machines 609 -- 19.3 Predictive Current Control 613 -- 19.4 Predictive Torque Control 617 -- 19.5 Predictive Torque Control Using a Direct Matrix Converter 619 -- 19.6 Predictive Speed Control 622 -- 19.7 Conclusions 626 -- Acknowledgment 627 -- References 627 -- 20 The Electrical Drive Systems with the Current Source Converter 630 -- 20.1 Introduction 630 -- 20.2 The Drive System Structure 631 -- 20.3 The PWM in CSCs 633 -- 20.4 The Generalized Control of a CSR 636 -- 20.5 The Mathematical Model of an Asynchronous and a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 639 -- 20.6 The Current and Voltage Control of an Induction Machine 641 -- 20.7 The Current and Voltage Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 651.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Selections -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Boolean Types, Values, and Expressions -- 3.3 Generating Random Numbers -- 3.4 if Statements -- 3.5 Two-Way if-else Statements -- 3.6 Nested if and Multi-Way if-elif-else Statements -- 3.7 Common Errors in Selection Statements -- 3.8 Case Study: Computing Body Mass Index -- 3.9 Case Study: Computing Taxes -- 3.10 Logical Operators -- 3.11 Case Study: Determining Leap Years -- 3.12 Case Study: Lottery -- 3.13 Conditional Expressions -- 3.14 Python 3.10 match-case Statements -- 3.15 Operator Precedence and Associativity -- 3.16 Detecting the Location of an Object -- Chapter 4. Mathematical Functions, Strings, and Objects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Common Python Functions -- 4.3 Strings and Characters…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- About the Authors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Trade-off Analysis -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Trade-off Analyses Throughout the Life Cycle -- 1.3 Trade-off Analysis to Identify System Value -- 1.4 Trade-off Analysis to Identify System Uncertainties and Risks -- 1.5 Trade-off Analyses can Integrate Value and Risk Analysis -- 1.6 Trade-off Analysis in the Systems Engineering Decision Management Process -- 1.7 Trade-off Analysis Mistakes of Omission and Commission -- 1.7.1 Mistakes of Omission -- 1.7.2 Mistakes of Commission -- 1.7.3 Impacts of the Trade-Off Analysis Mistakes -- 1.8 Overview of the Book -- 1.8.1 Illustrative Examples and Techniques Used in the Book -- 1.9 Key Terms -- 1.10 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 2 A Conceptual Framework and Mathematical Foundation for Trade-Off Analysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Trade-Off Analysis Terms -- 2.3 Influence Diagram of the Tradespace -- 2.3.1 Stakeholder Needs, System Functions, and Requirements -- 2.3.2 Objectives -- 2.3.3 System Alternatives -- 2.3.4 Uncertainty -- 2.3.5 Preferences and Evaluation of Alternatives -- 2.3.6 Resource Analysis -- 2.3.7 An Integrated Trade-Off Analyses -- 2.4 Tradespace Exploration -- 2.5 Summary -- 2.6 Key Words -- 2.7 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 3 Quantifying Uncertainty -- 3.1 Sources of Uncertainty in Systems Engineering -- 3.2 The Rules of Probability and Human Intuition -- 3.3 Probability Distributions -- 3.3.1 Calculating Probabilities from Experiments -- 3.3.2 Calculating Complex Probabilities from Simpler Probabilities -- 3.3.3 Calculating Probabilities Using Parametric Distributions -- 3.3.4 Applications of Parametric Probability Distributions -- 3.4 Estimating Probabilities…”

Tabla de Contenidos:

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Part 1: A Guide to Simulated Techniques in Digital Twin -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Different Simulation Techniques of Digital Twin Development -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Literature Review -- 1.3 Digital Twin Simulation Techniques -- 1.3.1 Finite Element Analysis Simulation -- 1.3.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation -- 1.3.3 Discrete Event Simulation -- 1.3.4 Agent-Based Modeling Simulation -- 1.3.5 Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation -- 1.3.6 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Comprehensive Analysis of Error Rate and Channel Capacity of Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading Model -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fisher Snedecor Composite Fading -- 2.3 Mathematical Analysis -- 2.3.1 Error Rate Analysis -- 2.3.1.1 NCBFSK and BDPSK -- 2.3.1.2 BPSK, BFSK, and QPSK -- 2.3.1.3 MQAM -- 2.3.1.4 MPSK -- 2.3.1.5 MDPSK -- 2.3.1.6 NCMFSK -- 2.3.1.7 DQPSK -- 2.3.2 Channel Capacity Analysis -- 2.3.2.1 ORA -- 2.3.2.2 OPRA -- 2.3.2.3 CIFR -- 2.3.2.4 TIFR -- 2.4 Numerical Results -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Implementation of Automatic Driving Car Test Approach Based on a Digital Twinning Technology and by Embedding Artificial Intelligence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature Review -- 3.3 Comparative Analysis -- 3.4 Result -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Scope -- References -- Chapter 4 Intelligent Monitoring of Transformer Equipment in Terms of Earlier Fault Diagnosis Based on Digital Twins -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodology -- 4.2.1 Arduino Uno -- 4.2.2 ESP32 Microcontroller -- 4.2.3 Data Acquisition -- 4.2.4 Blynk App -- 4.3 Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance -- 4.4 Results and Discussion -- 4.5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Cover -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Brief Contents -- Contents -- Introduction -- Frequency Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves -- Chapter 1: Mathematical Preliminaries -- 1.1 Fundamentals of Scalars and Vectors -- 1.2 Coordinate Systems -- 1.2.1 Cartesian Coordinate System -- 1.2.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System -- 1.2.3 Spherical Coordinate System -- 1.3 Del Operator -- 1.4 Gradiant of a Scalar V -- 1.5 Divergence of a Vector A -- 1.6 Curl of a Vector A -- 1.6.1 Vector Identities -- 1.7 Laplacian Operator -- 1.8 Dirac Delta -- 1.9 Decibel and Neper Concepts -- 1.10 Complex Numbers -- 1.10.1 Properties of Complex Numbers -- 1.11 Logarithmic Series and Identities -- 1.12 Quadratic Equations -- 1.13 Cubic Equations -- 1.14 Determinants -- 1.14.1 The Minor of Determinant -- 1.14.2 Properties of Determinants -- 1.15 Matrices -- 1.15.1 Applications of Matrices -- 1.15.2 Types of Matrices -- 1.15.3 Properties of Matrices -- 1.16 Factorial -- 1.17 Permulations -- 1.18 Combinations -- 1.19 Basic Series -- 1.20 Exponential Series -- 1.21 Sine and Cosine Series -- 1.22 Sinh and Cosh Series -- 1.23 Hyperbolic Functions -- 1.24 Sine, Cosine, Tan and Cot Functions -- 1.25 Some Special Functions -- 1.25.1 Gamma Function -- 1.25.2 Beta Function -- 1.25.3 Error Function -- 1.25.4 Bessel Function -- 1.25.5 Fresnel Integral -- 1.25.6 Sine Integral -- 1.25.7 Cosine Integral -- 1.25.8 Exponential Integral -- 1.25.9 Logarithmic Integral -- 1.26 Partial Derivative -- 1.27 Some Differentiation Formulae -- 1.28 Some Useful Integration Formulae -- 1.29 Radian and Steradian -- 1.30 Integral Theorems -- 1.30.1 Stokes' Theorem -- 1.30.2 Divergence Theorem -- Points to Remember -- Solved Problems -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problem -- Chapter 2: Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves -- 2.1 Introduction…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 7: Project Scheduling and Resource Levelling -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Resource Levelling -- 7.3 Resource Allocation -- 7.4 Importance of Project Scheduling -- 7.5 Other Schedules Derived from Project Schedules -- 7.5.1 Preparing Invoice Schedule -- 7.5.2 Schedule of Milestone Events -- 7.5.3 Schedule of Plant and Equipment -- 7.5.4 Schedule of Project Staff -- 7.5.5 Schedule of Labour Requirement -- 7.5.6 Schedule of Materials Requirement -- 7.5.7 Schedule of Specialized Agencies -- 7.5.8 Schedule of Direct Costs -- 7.5.9 Schedule of Overheads -- 7.5.10 Schedule of Cash Inflow -- 7.5.11 Schedule of Cash Outflow -- 7.6 Network Crashing and Cost-Time Trade-Off -- References -- Review Questions -- Chapter 8: Contractor's Estimation of Cost and Bidding Strategy -- 8.1 Contractor's Estimation and Bidding Process -- 8.1.1 Get Involved in Pre-Qualification Process -- 8.1.2 Study the Tender Document, Drawings and Prepare Tender Summary -- 8.1.3 Decisions to Take -- 8.1.4 Arrange for Site Visit and Investigation -- 8.1.5 Consultation, Queries and Meetings, and other Associated Works -- 8.1.6 Prepare Construction Schedule and other Related Schedules -- 8.1.7 Collect Information -- 8.1.8 Determining Bid Price -- 8.1.9 Analysis of Rates -- 8.1.10 Fix Mark-Up -- 8.1.11 Computing Bid Price -- 8.1.12 Submit Bid -- 8.1.13 Post-Submission Activities -- 8.2 Bidding Models -- 8.2.1 Game Theory Models -- 8.2.2 Statistical Bidding Strategy Models -- 8.2.3 Cash Flow-Based Models -- 8.3 Determination of Optimum Mark-Up Level -- 8.4 Bidding and Estimation Practices in Indian Construction Industry -- 8.4.1 Prevailing Estimation Practices -- 8.4.2 Use of Statistical/Mathematical Tools in Estimation -- 8.4.3 Breakup of Mark-Up -- 8.4.4 Labour Cost Estimation -- 8.4.5 Plant and Equipment Cost Estimation -- 8.4.6 Dealing with Uncertainties…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Neural Network -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Introduction -- 11.3 Mathematical Modeling -- 11.3.1 Forward Propagation -- 11.3.2 Back-Propagation -- 11.4 Graphical Representation -- 11.5 Neural Network for Classification Problems -- 11.6 Neural Network Example Code -- 11.7 Summary -- 11.8 Exercises -- 12. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Summary -- Appendix A. Mathematical foundations -- Vectors, matrices, and beyond: a linear algebra primer -- Vectors: one-dimensional data -- Matrices: two-dimensional data -- Rank 3 tensors -- Rank 4 tensors -- Calculus in five minutes: derivatives and finding maxima -- Appendix B. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…169 -- 8.5 Measuring Stateless Delivery 171 -- 8.6 Billing Analytics 173 -- 8.7 CDN Analytics Tools 174 -- 8.8 Recent Trends in CDN Analytics 175 -- 8.9 Conclusion 176 -- References 176 -- 9 CDN MODELING 179 /Tolga Bektas and Ozgur Ercetin -- 9.1 Introduction 179 -- 9.2 Basics on Mathematical Modeling and Optimization 180 -- 9.3 Video-on-Demand Applications 182 -- 9.4 Optimization Problems in Content Delivery and VoD Services 185 -- 9.5 Visionary Thoughts for Practitioners 198 -- 9.6 Future Research Directions 198 -- 9.7 Conclusions 199 -- Acknowledgments 200 -- References 200 -- 10 ANALYZING CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORKS 203 /Benjamin Molina, Jaime Calvo, Carlos E. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Introduction to Kinematics -- 1.1 Kinematics -- 1.2 Kinematic Chains and Mechanisms -- 1.3 Mobility, Planar, and Spatial Mechanisms -- 1.4 Types of Mechanism Motion -- 1.5 Kinematic Synthesis -- 1.6 Units and Conversions -- 1.7 Software Resources -- 1.8 Summary -- References -- Additional Reading -- 2. Mathematical Concepts in Kinematics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Complex Numbers and Operations -- 2.2.1 Complex Number Forms -- 2.2.2 Complex Number Addition -- 2.2.3 Complex Number Multiplication and Differentiation -- 2.3 Vector and Point Representation -- 2.4 Linear Simultaneous Equations, Matrices, and Matrix Operations -- 2.4.1 Linear Simultaneous Equation Systems and Matrices -- 2.4.2 Matrix Transpose, Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication -- 2.4.3 The Identity Matrix and Matrix Inversion -- 2.5 Intermediate and Total Spatial Motion -- 2.6 General Transformation Matrix -- 2.7 Summary -- References -- Additional Reading -- Problems -- 3. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…7.2 An Introduction to Simulation Software -- 7.3 Numerical Studies -- 7.3.1 Design Parameters and Working Conditions in PTCs -- 7.3.2 Using Inserts in PTCs -- 7.3.3 Using Surface Modification Methods in PTCs -- 7.3.4 Using Nanofluids in PTCs -- 7.3.5 Using Nanofluids and Other Passive Methods in PTCs -- 7.3.6 PTCs Integrated into Cooling Systems -- 7.3.7 PTCs Integrated into Concentrated Solar Power Plants -- 7.3.8 PTCs Integrated into Solar-powered Cycles -- 7.3.9 PTCs Integrated into Solar Industrial Process Heat Plants -- 7.3.10 PTCs Integrated into Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) System -- 7.3.11 PTCs Integrated into Desalination Systems -- 7.4 Challenges -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 7.6 Future Directions -- References -- 8 Nanofluids in Solar Thermal Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTCs) -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Fundamentals of PTCs -- 8.2.1 Components of a PTC -- 8.2.2 Mathematical Formulations of PTCs -- 8.2.3 Experimental Analysis (Standard Test Methods) -- 8.3 Heat Transfer Fluids (HTFs) in PTCs -- 8.3.1 Thermal Oils -- 8.3.2 Liquid-water Steam -- 8.3.3 Pressurized Gasses -- 8.3.4 Molten Salts -- 8.3.5 Nanofluids -- 8.4 Heat Transfer Improvement Methods in PTCs -- 8.4.1 Design Parameters -- 8.4.2 The Application of Nanofluids in PTCs -- 8.4.3 Combination of Nanofluids and Other Thermal Efficiency Enhancement Methods -- 8.5 Economic Analysis -- 8.6 Challenges -- 8.7 Conclusion -- 8.8 Future Directions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 9 Applications of Nanotechnology in the Harvesting of Solar Energy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Overview of the Status of the Solar Energy -- 9.1.2 Nanotechnology Overview -- 9.2 Solar Harvesting Technology Using Nanomaterials -- 9.3 Various Modern Solar Harvesting Technologies -- 9.3.1 Solar Collectors -- 9.3.2 Fuel Cells -- 9.3.3 Photocatalysis -- 9.3.4 Solar Photovoltaics…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…5.5.2 Biological Neuron Model -- 5.5.3 Artificial Neural Networks -- 5.5.4 Network Topologies -- 5.5.4.1 NARX Neural Network -- 5.5.5 ANN Modeling Using Mathematical Models -- 5.6 Neuron Spiking Model Using FitzHugh-Nagumo (F-N) System -- 5.6.1 Linearization of F-N System -- 5.6.2 Reduced Order Model of Linear System -- 5.6.3 Finite Difference Discretization of F-N System -- 5.6.4 MOR of F-N System Using POD-Galerkin Method -- 5.7 Ring Oscillator Model -- 5.7.1 Model Order Reduction of Ring Oscillator Circuit -- 5.7.2 Ring Oscillator Circuit Approximation Using Linear System MOR -- 5.7.3 POD-ANN Macromodel of Ring Oscillator Circuit -- 5.8 Nonlinear VLSI Interconnect Model Using Telegraph Equation -- 5.8.1 Macromodeling of VLSI Interconnect -- 5.8.2 Discretisation of Interconnect Model -- 5.8.3 Linearization of VLSI Interconnect Model -- 5.8.4 Reduced Order Linear Model of VLSI Interconnect -- 5.9 Macromodel Using Machine Learning -- 5.9.1 Activation Function -- 5.9.2 Bayesian Regularization -- 5.9.3 Optimization -- 5.10 MOR of Dynamical Systems Using POD-ANN -- 5.10.1 Accuracy and Performance Index -- 5.11 Numerical Results -- 5.11.1 F-N System -- 5.11.2 Ring Oscillator Model -- 5.11.3 Reduced Order POD Approximation of Ring Oscillator -- 5.11.3.1 Study of POD-ANN Approximation of Ring Oscillator for Variation in Amplitude of Input Signal and for Different Input Signals -- 5.11.3.2 POD-ANN Approximation of Ring Oscillator for Variation in Frequency -- 5.11.4 POD-ANN Approximation of VLSI Interconnect -- 5.12 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Comparative Analysis of Various Ensemble Approaches for Web Page Classification -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Literature Survey -- 6.3 Material and Methods -- 6.4 Ensemble Classifiers -- 6.4.1 Bagging -- 6.4.1.1 Bagging Meta Estimator -- 6.4.1.2 Random Forest -- 6.4.2 Boosting -- 6.4.2.1 AdaBoost…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…14.5 Complex Numbers -- 14.6 Rectangular Form -- 14.7 Polar Form -- 14.8 Conversion Between Forms -- 14.9 Mathematical Operations with Complex Numbers -- 14.10 Calculator Methods with Complex Numbers -- 14.11 Phasors -- 14.12 Computer Analysis -- 15 Series ac Circuits -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Resistive Elements -- 15.3 Inductive Elements -- 15.4 Capacitive Elements -- 15.5 Impedance Diagram -- 15.6 Series Configuration -- 15.7 Voltage Divider Rule -- 15.8 Frequency Response for Series ac Circuits -- 15.9 Summary: Series ac Circuits -- 15.10 Phase Measurements -- 15.11 Applications -- 15.12 Computer Analysis -- 16 Parallel ac Circuits -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Total Impedance -- 16.3 Total Admittance -- 16.4 Parallel ac Networks -- 16.5 Current Divider Rule -- 16.6 Frequency Response of Parallel Elements -- 16.7 Summary: Parallel ac Networks -- 16.8 Equivalent Circuits -- 16.9 Applications -- 16.10 Computer Analysis -- 17 Series-Parallel ac Networks -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Illustrative Examples -- 17.3 Ladder Networks -- 17.4 Grounding -- 17.5 Applications -- 17.6 Computer Analysis -- 18 Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics (ac) -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Independent Versus Dependent (Controlled) Sources -- 18.3 Source Conversions -- 18.4 Mesh Analysis -- 18.5 Nodal Analysis -- 18.6 Bridge Networks (ac) -- 18.7 Δ - Y, Y - Δ Conversions -- 18.8 Computer Analysis -- 19 Network Theorems (ac) -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Superposition Theorem -- 19.3 Thévenin's Theorem -- 19.4 Norton's Theorem -- 19.5 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem -- 19.6 Substitution, Reciprocity, and Millman's Theorems -- 19.7 Application -- 19.8 Computer Analysis -- 20 Power (ac) -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 General Equation -- 20.3 Resistive Circuit -- 20.4 Apparent Power -- 20.5 Inductive Circuit and Reactive Power -- 20.6 Capacitive Circuit…”