“…The paper explores the conceptual linkages between social protection measures and food and nutrition security, examines the evidence of practical benefits that different social protection instruments can deliver and assesses the linkages between the two subjects in the international development policy agenda and concludes by proposing ways to better integrate the two issues within development policies and by identifying the main challenges and trade-offs that DAC members and their partners are likely to face…”

“…OECD countries which would be hit hardest include Belgium, Japan and the Netherlands, reflecting mainly strong trade linkages with EMEs…”

“…CONSTRUIRE SUR LES ACQUIS DES ANNEES 80 ÉVOLUTION INTERIEURE ET INTERNATIONALE -Les facteurs déterminant l'activité économique -Politiques monétaires et budgétaires -Emploi et chômage -Coûts, prix et profits -Évolution internationale -Commerce extérieur et balance des opérations courantes des pays de l'OCDE -Évolution monétaire internationale -Région hors OCDE ÉVOLUTION PAR PAYS -Etats-Unis -Japon -Allemagne -France -Royaume-Uni -Italie -Canada -Australie -Autriche -Belgique -Danemark -Espagne -Finlande -Grèce -Irlande -Islande -Luxembourg -Norvège -Nouvelle-Zélande -Pays-Bas -Portugal -Suède -Suisse -Turquie PREVISIONS DETAILLEES ET AUTRES INFORMATIONS DE BASE -Principales hypothèses -Demande et production -Eléments d'analyse des politiques budgétaires -Population active, emploi et chômage -Prévisions de l'inflation -Evolution récente de l'inflation -Salaires, coûts de main-d' et profits -Commerce extérieur et invisibles ANNEXE TECHNIQUE -Sources et méthodes -Classification des pays -Statistiques de base…”

“…The dramatic collapse in world trade in 2009 is, this report shows, mainly due to: the drop in demand for highly traded products; the drying up of trade finance; and the vertically integrated nature of global supply chains. …”

“…This paper uses a friction model to estimate intervention reaction functions and the associated marginal effects for Brazil and the Czech Republic since adoption of inflation targeting in these countries in 1999 and 1998, respectively. The main findings are that: i) in both countries interventions occur predominantly to reduce exchange-rate volatility, while in Brazil the central bank also reacts to exchange-rate deviations from medium-term trends; ii) there are strong, asymmetric threshold effects in the reaction functions, and interventions are more likely and of higher magnitudes when they are carried out to depreciate than to appreciate the domestic currency; and iii) interventions seem to take place independently of contemporaneous monetary policy in Brazil, but not in the Czech Republic, where both policies appear to be interrelated…”

“…ASSURER ET SOUTENIR LA REPRISE ÉVOLUTION INTERIEURE ET INTERNATIONALE -Les facteurs déterminant l'activité économique -Évolution financière et budgétaire -Marchés du travail et inflation -Commerce extérieur et balances courantes -Évolution économique en dehors de la zone de l'OCDE -Europe centrale et orientale -Autres régions EVOLUTION PAR PAYS -Etats-Unis -Japon -Allemagne -France -Italie -Royaume-Uni -Canada -Australie -Autriche -Belgique -Danemark -Espagne -Finlande -Grèce -Irlande -Islande -Luxembourg -Norvège -Nouvelle-Zélande -Pays-Bas -Portugal -Suède -Suisse -Turquie -Yougoslavie PREVISIONS DETAILLEES ET AUTRES INFORMATIONS DE BASE -Demande et production -Éléments d'analyse des politiques budgétaires -Population active, emploi et chômage -Évolution récente de l'inflation -Prévisions de l'inflation -Salaires, coûts de main-d' et revenu du capital -Commerce extérieur et invisibles ANNEXE TECHNIQUE -Sources et méthodes -Classification des pays -Statistiques de base…”

“…On the spending side, reforms to contain ageing-related outlays are the priority, while the consumption tax should be the main source of additional revenue, given that its impact on economic activity is less negative than other taxes. …”

“…Economic integration in West Africa is a major political objective for all the States in the region and is supported by the main economic players in the region. The weight of Nigeria -- which accounts for 50% of the regional economy -- the many constraints to formal trade, linguistic barriers, these all raise as many hopes as fears among the economic players in neighbouring countries with respect to their future relations with this powerful neighbour. …”

“…At the international level, the report finds that, having substantially reformed its own agricultural policies, the main source of future benefits to Brazil will be reforms in other countries, where access to OECD country markets is the most important issue. …”

“…Nonetheless, it is these last two sectors that give Siena its main competitive advantage: an outstanding concentration of high-quality environmental and cultural resources which are unique to the region. …”

“…This book reproduces the 17 introductory reports presented at the Symposium, together with a summary of the discussions on the three main topics: scenarios and forecasts; transforming structures and trends in technology; peripherality and pan-European integration. …”

“…The empirical results indicate the important role of exports on relative employment on skilled versus unskilled workers. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, this paper documents the significant degree of skill upgrading that occurred during the 1990s in the Korean manufacturing sector. …”

“…With regards to youths, participation rates are trending down, primarily as a result of rising school enrolment, especially for males, while remaining fairly low and stable over the years for young females. The main policy challenge in this area is to raise female labour supply further, for both prime-age individuals and youths, as a means of making a better use of labour inputs in support of long-term growth. …”

“…However, the strategic policy options facing OECD countries are mainly determined by the soundness of their underlying fiscal positions which vary substantially. …”

“…The OECD review assesses the main challenges faced by the VET system and presents an interconnected package of policy recommendations. …”

“…This method is composed of the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig. …”

“…At least three dose levels should be used, in addition to the concurrent control group for both the chronic toxicity phase and the carcinogenicity phase of the study. The three main routes of administration are oral, dermal, and inhalation. …”

“…La maladie mentale est à l’origine de pertes considérables de main-d’oeuvre potentielle, de taux de chômage élevés, d’une forte incidence de l’absentéisme pour maladie et d’une moindre productivité au travail. …”

“…Implementing and not simply elaborating a comprehensive economic strategy for the whole metropolitan region will be the main challenge for Montreal in the following years…”

“…A companion publication with a health system review of Brazil examines the main challenges and approaches needed to improve the performance of the Brazilian health system…”