“…Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. …”

“…This manual aims to make information resources and technical advice available in order to support the deployment of biopesticides, which include microbials (e.g. bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses and fungi), macrobials (e.g. predatory insects, parasitoids and beneficial nematodes), botanicals, and semiochemicals. …”

“…We have entered a new era where some concepts of the complex community of microorganisms (microbiota comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, bacteriophages and helminths) are being re-discovered and re-visited. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.2.2 Microorganism-Based Biotemplates -- 4.2.2.1 Bacteria -- 4.2.2.2 Fungi -- 4.2.2.3 Yeast -- 4.2.2.4 Algae -- 4.3 Synthesis Routes -- 4.3.1 Effect of pH -- 4.3.2 Effect of Temperature -- 4.3.3 Effect of Biomolecules -- 4.3.3.1 Plant-Based -- 4.3.3.2 Microorganism-Based -- 4.4 Applications -- 4.4.1 Biomedical Application -- 4.4.1.1 Antimicrobial Activity -- 4.4.1.2 Biomedication -- 4.4.1.3 Vaccines -- 4.4.1.4 Antidiabetic -- 4.4.1.5 Diagnostic Applications -- 4.4.2 Environmental Application -- 4.4.2.1 Environmental Remediation -- 4.4.2.2 Catalytic Removal of Textile Dyes -- 4.4.2.3 Wastewater Treatment -- 4.4.2.4 Agriculture -- 4.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5 Green Conversion Methods to Prepare Nanoparticle -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Bacteria -- 5.2 Fungi -- 5.3 Yeast -- 5.4 Viruses -- 5.5 Algae -- 5.6 Plants -- 5.7 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Bioinspired Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials From Algae -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Algal System-Mediated Nanomaterial Synthesis -- 6.3 Factors Affecting the Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials -- 6.3.1 Light -- 6.3.2 Temperature -- 6.3.3 Incubation Period -- 6.3.4 pH -- 6.3.5 Precursor Concentration and Bioactive Catalyst -- 6.4 Applications of the Green Synthesized Nanomaterials -- 6.4.1 Antimicrobial Agents -- 6.4.2 Anticancerous -- 6.4.3 Biosensing -- 6.4.4 Bioremediation -- 6.5 Future Perspectives -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Interactions of Nanoparticles with Plants: Accumulation and Effects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Uptake and Translocation of Nanoparticles and Nanocarriers in Plants -- 7.3 Nanoparticle-Mediated Sensing and Biosensing in Plants -- 7.4 Tolerance Versus Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Plants -- 7.5 Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Fertilizers, Pesticides, Other Agrochemicals in Plants…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Synge and Jesus-Joshua; Albert Vanhoye and Numbers 14; George Wesley Buchanan and Hebrews as Homiletical Midrash; David Flusser and Midrashic Fungi; Observations; The Way Forward; Chapter 2: A Wider Intertextuality: Excavating the Cave of Resonance with the History of Scriptural Interpretation; Lessons from Pauline Interpreters; Richard Hays's Echoes of Scripture; Initial Responses to Echoes of Scripture; James A. …”
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Tabla de Contenidos: “…CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONSERVATION -- Biological Surveys, Inventory, and Monitoring -- National Biological Inventories -- Global Biological Survey -- Screening of Organisms -- Monitoring -- Conservation Research -- Site-Specific Research -- Conservation Biology Principles and Methods -- Sustainable Use of Biological Resources -- Restoring and Utilizing Degraded Lands -- Information Needs -- Computer Data Bases and Inventories -- Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems -- Strengthening Scientific Networks -- Human Resources -- Developing Taxonomic Expertise -- Strengthening Local Institutions -- Expanding Cooperative Research Programs -- SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT -- Project-or Country-Level Research -- International Economic Research -- Global Macroeconomic Research -- CULTURAL CONTEXT -- Local Management Systems -- Adapting Local Knowledge -- Promoting Local Knowledge -- Priority Groups -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- 1 Biodiversity and Development -- BIODIVERSITY: DEFINITIONS AND VALUES -- LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY -- Natural Versus Accelerated Rates of Biodiversity Loss -- SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF BIODIVERSITY -- Plants -- Fungi -- Microorganisms -- Invertebrates -- Vertebrates -- Tropical Aquatic Systems -- Marine Biota -- IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES -- Responding to Research Needs -- 2 Biological Aspects of Conservation -- BIOLOGICAL SURVEYS, INVENTORY, AND MONITORING -- National Biological Inventories -- Research Priorities -- Global Biological Survey -- Research Priorities -- Screening of Organisms -- Research Priorities -- Monitoring -- Research Priorities -- CONSERVATION RESEARCH -- Site-Specific Research -- Research Requirements -- Goals and Guidelines -- Recommended Areas for Site Selection -- Research Priorities…”

“…The Institute has a collection of marine microorganisms (KMM) PIBOC, which includes more than 4000 strains of marine bacteria and more than 1000 strains of marine fungi. The biological activity of natural compounds is also being studied. …”

“…Glycosides have been isolated from species as diverse as algae, fungi, anthozoans, and echinoderms. Even fish of the genus Pardachirus produce glycosides, which they use as shark repellents.The major interest in these compounds as potential drugs stems from their broad spectrum of biological effects. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Sci. 2018, 19, 241, doi: 10.3390/ijms19010241 79 -- Nilam Borah, Emad Albarouki and Jan Schirawski Comparative Methods for Molecular Determination of Host-Specificity Factors in Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 863, doi: 10.3390/ijms19030863 97 -- Venkata S. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…ANEXOSMEDIOS DE CULTIVO; COMO HACER UN FILTRO DE PAPEL; PREPARACIÓN DE REACTIVOS; CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS BACTERIAS; HONGOS ((REINO FUNGI)); PROTOZOOS; PIGMENTOS FOTOSINTÉTICOS; RECORTABLE:: LA FLOR,, ÓRGANO REPRODUCTOR; RECORTABLE:: ANATOMÍA DEL CORAZÓN; RECORTABLE:: ANATOMÍA DEL CARACOL TERRESTRE; RECORTABLE:: EL SALTAMONTES; RECORTABLE:: EL PEZ…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…2 Limited Genomes and Gene Transfer in the Evolution of Intracellular Parasitism and Symbiosis2.1 Introduction to Gene Transfer and Evolution; 2.2 Gene Transfer in Intracellular Bacterial Parasites; 2.3 Gene Transfer in Intracellular Symbionts; 2.4 Gene Transfer in Intracellular Parasites and Fungi; 2.5 Summary and Outlook; References; 3 Phagocytosis: Early Events in Particle Recognition and Uptake; 3.1 Phagocytosis: An Overview; 3.2 Recognition of Target Particles; 3.3 Signaling Events Upon Ligand Recognition; 3.4 Membrane Dynamics During Phagocytosis; 3.5 Phagosome Maturation…”

“…The focus of this Special Issue of Toxins addressed the most recent advances using animal venoms, such as frog secretions, bee/ant venoms and plant/fungi toxins, as medicinal therapy. Recent advances in venom/toxin/immunotoxins for targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy, along with using novel disease-specific venom-based protein/peptide/toxin and currently available FDA-approved drugs for combinationtreatments will be discussed. …”

“…Bacteria, such as Melissococcus plutonius and Paenibacillus larvae, microsporidia, such as Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, fungi, such as Ascosphaera apis, mites, such as Varroa destructor, predatory wasps, including Vespa velutina, and invasive beetles, such as Aethina tumida, are “old” and “new” subjects of important veterinary interest. …”

“…"Select Agents are defined in regulations through a list of names of particularly dangerous known bacteria, viruses, toxins, and fungi. However, natural variation and intentional genetic modification blur the boundaries of any discrete Select Agent list based on names. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Erigimelica -- Decay and associated fungi in Alnus ghtlinosa in Latvia / N. Arhipova. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…ARSENIC -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemistry of Arsenic -- ARSENIC TRIOXIDE -- ARSENIC PENTOXIDE -- ARSENOUS AND ARSENIC ACIDS -- ARSENITES AND ARSENATES -- ESTERS OF ARSENOUS AND ARSENIC ACIDS -- ARSENIC SULFIDES -- ORGANIC ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- METHYLATION OF ARSENIC COMPOUNDS -- METHANEARSONIC ACID -- DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID -- ALKYLARSINES AND DIALKYLARSINES -- ALKYLDIHALOARSINES AND DIALKYLHALOARSINES -- 3 Distribution of Arsenic in the Environment -- NATURAL SOURCES -- Earth's Crust -- Igneous and Sedimentary Rock -- Soil -- Water -- Plants -- Animals and Humans -- Air -- MAN-MADE SOURCES -- Production -- Uses -- Insecticides -- Herbicides -- Desiccants -- Wood Preservatives -- Feed Additives -- Drugs -- War Gases and Riot-Control Agents -- Other Minor Uses -- Residues -- Soils -- Water -- Plants -- Animals -- Foods -- Air -- Disposal -- Waste from Agricultural Uses of Pesticides and Herbicides -- Waste from Use of Arsenical Feed Additives -- Waste from Industrial Uses of Arsenic -- Summary -- THE ARSENIC CYCLE -- 4 Metabolism of Arsenic -- PLANTS -- Absorption of Arsenic Compounds -- Translocation of Arsenic Compounds -- MICROORGANISMS -- Bacteria -- Fungi and Molds -- Algae -- Plankton -- MOLLUSKS AND CRUSTACEANS -- FISH -- BIRDS -- MAMMALS -- Forms of Arsenic in the Diet and Water -- Plants -- Animal Tissues -- Physiologic Aspects of Arsenic Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Distribution of Arsenic in the Body -- Dermal Absorption of Cacodylic Acid in Man -- 5 Biologic Effects of Arsenic on Plants and Animals -- MICROORGANISMS -- Toxicity -- Adaptation -- PLANTS -- Biochemical Response to Arsenic Compounds -- Phytotoxicity of Organic Arsenicals -- Interactions between Arsenicals and Nutrients -- Mode of Action -- LABORATORY ANIMALS -- Factors That Can Influence the Toxicity of Arsenic Compounds…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…NEEM -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Foreword -- 1 The Vision -- 2 The Reality -- DISADVANTAGES -- Lack of Experience -- Genetic Variability -- Lack of Registration -- Lack of Standards -- Conflicting Approaches -- Economic Uncertainties -- Handling Difficulties -- Geographical Limitations -- Planting Difficulties -- Silviculture Difficulties -- Instability -- Health Hazards -- Environmental Safety -- Slow Action -- Damage to Plants -- Method of Application -- Protecting the Tree -- Medical Limitations -- Synthetic Competition -- 3 The Tree -- DESCRIPTION -- DISTRIBUTION -- PROPAGATION -- GROWTH -- PROBLEMS -- Pests -- Diseases -- Nutrient Deficiencies -- Other Problems -- 4 What's in a Neem -- LIMONOIDS -- Azadirachtin -- Meliantriol -- Salannin -- Nimbin and Nimbidin -- Others -- PRODUCTION -- Water Extraction -- Hexane Extraction -- Pentane Extraction -- Alcohol Extraction -- FORMULATIONS -- Additives -- METHODS OF APPLICATION -- SYSTEMIC EFFECT -- 5 Effects on Insects -- INSECTS AFFECTED -- Orthoptera -- Homoptera -- Thysanoptera -- Coleoptera -- Lepidoptera -- Diptera -- Hymenoptera -- Heteroptera -- EXAMPLES -- Desert Locust -- Cockroach -- Brown Planthopper -- Stored-Product Insects -- Armyworm -- Colorado Potato Beetle -- Leafminers -- European Corn Borer -- Mosquitoes -- Aphids -- Fruit Flies -- Gypsy Moth -- Horn Flies -- Blowflies -- 6 Effects on Other Organisms -- NEMATODES -- SNAILS -- CRUSTACEANS -- FUNGI -- Aflatoxin -- PLANT VIRUSES -- NONTARGET SPECIES -- Earthworms -- Beneficial Insects -- 7 Medicinals -- FUNGICIDES -- ANTIBACTERIALS -- ANTIVIRAL AGENTS -- DERMATOLOGICAL INSECTS -- DENTAL TREATMENTS -- CHAGAS' DISEASE -- MALARIA -- PAIN RELIEF AND FEVER REDUCTION -- BIRTH CONTROL -- VETERINARY MEDICINE -- Controlling Insects -- Controlling Bacteria -- Controlling Intestinal Worms -- A WORD OF CAUTION…”

“…Soil microbial biomass and the relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi increased with the predominance of orchard grass, while those of saprophytic fungi, actinobacteria and Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria did it with the predominance of alfalfa. …”
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Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Cover -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part 1: Concepts of Microbial Synthesis, Water Purification and Energy Storage -- Chapter 1: Introduction to wastewater treatment and energy recovery -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Process Fundamentals -- 1.3 Building Blocks of NBs -- 1.4 Environmental Remediation -- 1.5 Wastewater Treatment -- References -- Chapter 2 : Addressing the global water crisis: a comprehensive review of nanobiohybrid applications for water purification -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Root Cause Behind Continuous Freshwater Shrinking -- 2.3 Methodical Handling of Water Pollution -- 2.3.1 Treatment technologies -- 2.3.2 Major drawbacks of current water purification techniques -- 2.4 Nanobiohybrid (NBIOH) Catalyst in Water Purification -- 2.4.1 Use of nanoparticles in water purification and their problems -- 2.4.2 Enzymes in water purification and their problems -- 2.4.3 Use of NBIOH catalyst for water purification -- 2.4.3.1 Capacity of NBIOH to treat water -- 2.4.3.2 Problems associated with nanobiohybrid -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 : Biological production of nanoparticles and their application in photocatalysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles -- 3.3 Biological Nanoparticles -- 3.3.1 Plants -- 3.3.2 Bacteria -- 3.4 Fungi -- 3.5 Algae -- 3.6 Photocatalysis -- 3.6.1 Batch degradation of organic pollutants using NPs -- 3.6.2 Photobioreactors -- 3.6.3 Nanobiohybrids -- 3.7 Challenges -- 3.7.1 Toxicity -- 3.7.2 Nanoparticles detection -- 3.7.3 Light accessibility -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 : Energy storage devices: batteries and supercapacitors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Batteries: Principles and Operation -- 4.2.1 Battery basics…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “….) -- REFERENCES -- MYCOBACTERIA OTHER THAN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 24 FUNGI -- ALTERNARIA SPECIES -- REFERENCES -- ASPERGILLUS SPECIES -- REFERENCES -- BASIDIOMYCETES (INCLUDING MERULIUS LACRYMANS, LYCOPERDON, AND MUSHROOMS) -- REFERENCES -- BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS -- REFERENCES -- CANDIDA SPECIES -- REFERENCES -- CLADOSPORIUM SPECIES -- REFERENCES -- COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS -- REFERENCES -- CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS AND CRYPTOCOCCUS GATTII -- REFERENCES -- CRYPTOSTROMA CORTICALE -- REFERENCES -- FONSECAEA AND OTHER AGENTS OF CHROMOMYCOSIS -- REFERENCES -- HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM -- REFERENCES -- MADURELLA SPECIES AND OTHER AGENTS OF MYCETOMA -- REFERENCES -- PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRASILIENSIS -- REFERENCES -- PENICILLIUM SPECIES -- REFERENCES -- SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII -- REFERENCES -- STACHYBOTRYS CHARTARUM -- REFERENCES -- TRICHOPHYTON AND OTHER DERMATOPHYTES -- REFERENCES -- ZYGOMYCETES -- REFERENCES…”