Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 5 Materials Used in Electronic Equipment and Manufacturing Perspectives* -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Large Household Appliances (LHA) -- 5.3 Small Household Appliance (SHA) -- 5.4 IT and Telecommunications Equipment -- 5.4.1 Computers and Notebooks -- 5.4.2 Monitors and Screens -- 5.4.3 Mobile Phones (MP) -- 5.4.4 Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) -- 5.5 Photovoltaic (PV) Panels -- 5.6 Lighting Equipment -- 5.7 Toys, Leisure, and Sport -- 5.8 Future Trends in WEEE - Manufacturing, Design, and Demand -- References -- Chapter 6 Recycling Technologies - Physical Separation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Dismantling -- 6.3 Comminution/Size Reduction -- 6.3.1 Shredders -- 6.3.2 Hammer Mills -- 6.3.3 High‐Voltage Fragmentation -- 6.3.4 Knife Mills -- 6.3.5 Cryogrinding -- 6.4 Particle Size Analysis -- 6.5 Size Separation/Classification -- 6.5.1 Screening -- 6.5.2 Classification -- 6.5.2.1 Centrifugal Classifier -- 6.5.2.2 Gravitational Classifiers -- 6.6 Magnetic Separation -- 6.6.1 Low‐Intensity Magnetic Separators -- 6.6.2 High‐Intensity Magnetic Separators -- 6.7 Electrical Separation -- 6.7.1 Corona Electrostatic Separation -- 6.7.2 Triboelectric Separation -- 6.7.3 Eddy Current Separation -- 6.8 Gravity Separation -- 6.8.1 Jigs -- 6.8.2 Spirals -- 6.8.3 Shaking Tables -- 6.8.4 Zig‐Zag Classifiers -- 6.8.5 Centrifugal Concentrators -- 6.8.6 Dense Medium Separation (DM Bath/Cyclone) -- 6.9 Froth Flotation -- 6.10 Sensor‐Based Sorting -- 6.11 Example Flowsheets -- References -- Chapter 7 Pyrometallurgical Processes for Recycling Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Printed Circuit Boards -- 7.3 Pyrometallurgical Processes -- 7.3.1 Smelting -- 7.3.1.1 Copper‐Smelting Processes - Sulfide Route -- 7.3.1.2 Copper‐Smelting Processes - Secondary Smelters -- 7.3.1.3 Lead‐Smelting Processes…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Persuasive AIs -- 1.2.4. Concentration of Power -- 1.3. AI RACE -- 1.3.1. Military AI Arms Race -- 1.3.2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4.2.2 Microorganism-Based Biotemplates -- 4.2.2.1 Bacteria -- 4.2.2.2 Fungi -- 4.2.2.3 Yeast -- 4.2.2.4 Algae -- 4.3 Synthesis Routes -- 4.3.1 Effect of pH -- 4.3.2 Effect of Temperature -- 4.3.3 Effect of Biomolecules -- 4.3.3.1 Plant-Based -- 4.3.3.2 Microorganism-Based -- 4.4 Applications -- 4.4.1 Biomedical Application -- 4.4.1.1 Antimicrobial Activity -- 4.4.1.2 Biomedication -- 4.4.1.3 Vaccines -- 4.4.1.4 Antidiabetic -- 4.4.1.5 Diagnostic Applications -- 4.4.2 Environmental Application -- 4.4.2.1 Environmental Remediation -- 4.4.2.2 Catalytic Removal of Textile Dyes -- 4.4.2.3 Wastewater Treatment -- 4.4.2.4 Agriculture -- 4.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5 Green Conversion Methods to Prepare Nanoparticle -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Bacteria -- 5.2 Fungi -- 5.3 Yeast -- 5.4 Viruses -- 5.5 Algae -- 5.6 Plants -- 5.7 Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6 Bioinspired Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials From Algae -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Algal System-Mediated Nanomaterial Synthesis -- 6.3 Factors Affecting the Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials -- 6.3.1 Light -- 6.3.2 Temperature -- 6.3.3 Incubation Period -- 6.3.4 pH -- 6.3.5 Precursor Concentration and Bioactive Catalyst -- 6.4 Applications of the Green Synthesized Nanomaterials -- 6.4.1 Antimicrobial Agents -- 6.4.2 Anticancerous -- 6.4.3 Biosensing -- 6.4.4 Bioremediation -- 6.5 Future Perspectives -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Interactions of Nanoparticles with Plants: Accumulation and Effects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Uptake and Translocation of Nanoparticles and Nanocarriers in Plants -- 7.3 Nanoparticle-Mediated Sensing and Biosensing in Plants -- 7.4 Tolerance Versus Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Plants -- 7.5 Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Fertilizers, Pesticides, Other Agrochemicals in Plants…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Murphy and Steven Suib Feature Article: The Viability of Photocatalysis for Air Purification Reprinted from: Molecules 2015, 20(1), 1319-1356 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/1/1319 -- Jaime Giménez, Bernardí Bayarri, Óscar González, Sixto Malato, José Peral and Santiago Esplugas Article: A Comparison of the Environmental Impact of Different AOPS: Risk Indexes Reprinted from: Molecules 2015, 20(1), 503-518 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/1/503 -- John Anthony Byrne, Patrick Stuart Morris Dunlop, Jeremy William John Hamilton, Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez, Inmaculada Polo-López, Preetam Kumar Sharma and Ashlene Sarah Margaret Vennard Review: A Review of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Water and Surface Disinfection Reprinted from: Molecules 2015, 20(4), 5574-5615 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/4/5574 -- Satoshi Horikoshi and Nick Serpone Review: Coupled Microwave/Photoassisted Methods for Environmental Remediation Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19(11), 18102-18128 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/11/18102 -- Nobuaki Negishi and Taizo Sano Article: Photocatalytic Solar Tower Reactor for the Elimination of a Low Concentration of VOCs Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19(10), 16624-16639 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/10/16624 -- Tsuyoshi Ochiai, Erina Ichihashi, Naoki Nishida, Tadashi Machida, Yoshitsugu Uchida, Yuji Hayashi, Yuko Morito and Akira Fujishima Article: Field Performance Test of an Air-Cleaner with Photocatalysis-Plasma Synergistic Reactors for Practical and Long-Term Use Reprinted from: Molecules 2014, 19(11), 17424-17434 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/11/17424 -- Shan Zheng, Wenjun Jiang, Mamun Rashid, Yong Cai, Dionysios D. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Reconfigurable Self-Activating Ion-Channel-Based Biosensors Vikram Krishnamurthy and Bruce Cornell) -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Biosensors Built of Ion Channels -- 26.3 Joint Input Excitation and Concentration Classification for Biosensor -- 26.4 Decentralized Deployment of Dense Network of Biosensors -- 26.5 Discussion and Extensions -- References. -- 27. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Failure -- Lesson 12 - Concentration -- Contents -- 1. Persuasion vs. Force -- 2. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Preface xiii Table of Engineering Applications xvii Part 1 Introduction 1 Mathematica Environment and Basic Syntax 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Selecting Notebook Characteristics 4 1.3 Notebook Cells 8 1.4 Delimiters 12 1.5 Basic Syntax 12 1.5.1 Introduction 12 1.5.2 Templates: Greek Symbols and Mathematical Notation 15 1.5.3 Variable Names and Global Variables 18 1.6 Mathematical Constants 19 1.7 Complex Numbers 21 1.8 Elementary, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, and a Few Special Functions 22 1.9 Strings 25 1.9.1 String Creation: StringJoin[] and ToString[] 25 1.9.2 Labeled Output: Print[], NumberForm[], EngineeringForm[], and TraditionalForm[] 26 1.10 Conversions, Relational Operators, and Transformation Rule 28 1.11 Engineering Units and Unit Conversions: Quantity[] and UnitConvert[] 30 1.12 Creation of CDF Documents and Documents in Other Formats 33 1.13 Functions Introduced in Chapter 1 34 Exercises 35 2 List Creation and Manipulation: Vectors and Matrices 39 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Creating Lists and Vectors 39 2.2.1 Introduction 39 2.2.2 Creating a List with Table[] 45 2.2.3 Summing Elements of a List: Total[] 46 2.2.4 Selecting Elements of a List 47 2.2.5 Identifying List Elements Matching a Pattern: Position[] 49 2.3 Creating Matrices 51 2.3.1 Introduction 51 2.3.2 Matrix Generation Using Table[] 54 2.3.3 Accessing Elements of Arrays 55 2.4 Matrix Operations on Vectors and Arrays 56 2.4.1 Introduction 56 2.4.2 Matrix Inverse and Determinant: Inverse[] and Det[] 57 2.5 Solution of a Linear System of Equations: LinearSolve[] 58 2.6 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: EigenSystem[] 59 2.7 Functions Introduced in Chapter 2 61 References 61 Exercises 61 3 User-Created Functions, Repetitive Operations, and Conditionals 69 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Expressions and Procedures as Functions 69 3.2.1 Introduction 69 3.2.2 Pure Function: Function[] 74 3.2.3 Module[] 78 3.3 Find Elements of a List that Meet a Criterion: Select[] 80 3.4 Conditionals 82 3.4.1 If[] 82 3.4.2 Which[] 83 3.5 Repetitive Operations 83 3.5.1 Do[] 83 3.5.2 While[] 83 3.5.3 Nest[] 84 3.5.4 Map[] 84 3.6 Examples of Repetitive Operations and Conditionals 85 3.7 Functions Introduced in Chapter 3 92 Exercises 92 4 Symbolic Operations 95 4.1 Introduction 95 4.2 Assumption Options 101 4.3 Solutions of Equations: Solve[] 101 4.4 Limits: Limit[] 105 4.5 Power Series: Series[], Coefficient[], and CoefficientList[] 108 4.6 Optimization: Maximize[]/Minimize[] 112 4.7 Differentiation: D[] 114 4.8 Integration: Integrate[] 120 4.9 Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations: DSolve[] 126 4.10 Solutions of Partial Differential Equations: DSolve[] 136 4.11 Laplace Transform: LaplaceTransform[] and InverseLaplaceTransform[] 138 4.12 Functions Introduced in Chapter 4 145 References 145 Exercises 146 5 Numerical Evaluations of Equations 151 5.1 Introduction 151 5.2 Numerical Integration: NIntegrate[] 151 5.3 Numerical Solutions of Differential Equations: NDSolveValue[] and ParametricNDSolveValue[] 154 5.4 Numerical Solutions of Equations: NSolve[] 178 5.5 Roots of Transcendental Equations: FindRoot[] 180 5.6 Minimum and Maximum: FindMinimum[] and FindMaximum[] 182 5.7 Fitting of Data: Interpolation[] and FindFit[] 186 5.8 Discrete Fourier Transforms and Correlation: Fourier[], InverseFourier[], and ListCorrelate[] 189 5.9 Functions Introduced in Chapter 5 194 References 195 Exercises 196 6 Graphics 209 6.1 Introduction 209 6.2 2D Graphics 209 6.2.1 Basic Plotting 209 6.2.2 Basic Graph Enhancements 213 6.2.3 Common 2D Shapes: Graphics[] 217 6.2.4 Additional Graph Enhancements 222 6.2.5 Combining Figures: Show[] and GraphicsGrid[] 238 6.2.6 Tooltip[] 241 6.2.7 Exporting Graphics 244 6.3 3D Graphics 244 6.4 Summary of Functions Introduced in Chapter 6 253 References 254 Exercises 254 7 Interactive Graphics 263 7.1 Interactive Graphics: Manipulate[] 263 References 287 Exercises 287 Part 2 Engineering Applications 8 Vibrations of Spring Mass Systems and Thin Beams 293 8.1 Introduction 293 8.2 Single Degree-of-Freedom Systems 294 8.2.1 Periodic Force on a Single Degree-of-Freedom System 294 8.2.2 Squeeze Film Damping and Viscous Fluid Damping 298 8.2.3 Electrostatic Attraction 302 8.2.4 Single Degree-of-Freedom System Energy Harvester 304 8.3 Two Degrees-of-Freedom Systems 307 8.3.1 Governing Equations 307 8.3.2 Response to Harmonic Excitation: Amplitude Response Functions 307 8.3.3 Enhanced Energy Harvester 310 8.4 Thin Beams 315 8.4.1 Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of a Cantilever Beam with In-Span Attachments 315 8.4.2 Effects of Electrostatic Force on the Natural Frequency and Stability of a Beam 318 8.4.3 Response of a Cantilever Beam with an In-Span Attachment to an Impulse Force 323 References 326 9 Statistics 327 9.1 Descriptive Statistics 327 9.1.1 Introduction 327 9.1.2 Location Statistics: Mean[], StandardDeviation[], and Quartile[] 327 9.1.3 Continuous Distribution Functions: PDF[] and CDF[] 329 9.1.4 Histograms and Probability Plots: Histogram[] and ProbabilityScalePlot [] 331 9.1.5 Whisker Plot: BoxWhiskerChart[] 332 9.1.6 Creating Data with Specified Distributions: RandomVariate[] 334 9.2 Probability of Continuous Random Variables 334 9.2.1 Probability for Different Distributions: NProbability[] 334 9.2.2 Inverse Cumulative Distribution Function: InverseCDF[] 337 9.2.3 Distribution Parameter Estimation: EstimatedDistribution[] and FindDistributionParameters[] 337 9.2.4 Confidence Intervals: CI[] 340 9.2.5 Hypothesis Testing: LocationTest[] and VarianceTest[] 342 9.3 Regression Analysis: LinearModelFit[] 343 9.3.1 Simple Linear Regression 343 9.3.2 Multiple Linear Regression 347 9.4 Nonlinear Regression Analysis: NonLinearModelFit[] 351 9.5 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Factorial Designs: ANOVA[] 354 9.6 Functions Introduced in Chapter 9 358 10 Control Systems and Signal Processing 359 10.1 Introduction 359 10.2 Model Generation: State-Space and Transfer Function Representation 359 10.2.1 Introduction 359 10.2.2 State-Space Models: StateSpaceModel[] 360 10.2.3 Transfer Function Models: TransferFunctionModel[] 362 10.3 Model Connections Closed-Loop Systems and System Response: SystemsModelFeedbackConnect[] and SystemsModelSeriesConnect[] 363 10.4 Design Methods 369 10.4.1 Root Locus: RootLocusPlot[] 369 10.4.2 Bode Plot: BodePlot[] 371 10.4.3 Nichols Plot: NicholsPlot[] 372 10.5 Signal Processing 374 10.5.1 Filter Models: ButterworthFilterModel[], EllipticFilterModel[], ... 374 10.5.2 Windows: HammingWindow[], HannWindow[], ... 381 10.5.3 Spectrum Averaging 385 10.6 Aliasing 388 10.7 Functions Introduced in Chapter 10 390 Reference 391 11 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics 393 11.1 Introduction 393 11.2 Conduction Heat Transfer 394 11.2.1 One-Dimensional Transient Heat Diffusion in Solids 394 11.2.2 Heat Transfer in Concentric Spheres: Ablation of a Tumor 398 11.2.3 Heat Flow Through Fins 401 11.3 Natural Convection Along Heated Plates 405 11.4 View Factor Between Two Parallel Rectangular Surfaces 408 11.5 Internal Viscous Flow 411 11.5.1 Laminar Flow in Horizontal Cylindrical Pipes 411 11.5.2 Flow in Three Reservoirs 412 11.6 External Flow 416 11.6.1 Pressure Coefficient of a Joukowski Airfoil 416 11.6.2 Surface Profile in Nonuniform Flow in Open Channels 419 References 423 Index 425.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- References -- Origami Life -- 1 Origami Molecules -- 2 Origami Design Algorithms -- 3 Origami Folding Pathways -- 4 Folded Origins -- References -- Ok: A Kinetic Model for Locally Reconfigurable Molecular Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Molecular Reconfiguration: Oritatami and Nubots -- 3 The Ok model -- 3.1 Reconfiguration Events -- 3.2 Reconfiguration Distributions and Events Rates -- 3.3 Implementing the Ok model -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Implementing a Theoretician's Toolkit for Self-Assembly with DNA Components -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definitions and Notation -- 3 Metrics -- 4 Monomer Reuse: Hard-Coded Versus Algorithmic -- 5 Inputs -- 5.1 Seed Assemblies -- 5.2 Tile Subsets -- 5.3 Monomer Concentrations -- 5.4 Programmed Temperature Fluctuations -- 5.5 Staged Assembly -- 6 Dynamics -- 6.1 Cooperativity -- 6.2 Single Tile or Hierarchical Growth -- 6.3 Activatable/Deactivatable Glues -- 6.4 Tile Removal and Breaking of Assemblies -- 6.5 Reconfiguration Via Flexibility -- 6.6 Assembly Growth Controlled by CRNs -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Reasoning As If -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Snapshot Algorithm -- 3 Local Determinism -- 4 The Future of As If -- References -- Biochemical Circuits -- Scaling Up DNA Computing with Array-Based Synthesis and High-Throughput Sequencing -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Scaling up DNA Computing for Molecular Diagnostics -- 1.2 Scaling up DNA Computing for DNA Data Storage -- 1.3 Limitations of Current Approaches to DNA Computing -- 2 A Vision for the Future -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Nicked Double-Stranded DNA Gates Reaction Mechanism -- 3.2 Gate Design…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…TABLET DOSAGE -- 5.9. LIQUID CONCENTRATIONS -- 5.10. RECONSTITUTED MEDICATION -- 5.11. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 6.1 Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Fiber Tip Micro-Michelson Interferometer; 6.2 Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Angled Fiber End; 6.3 Optical Fiber Sensor Based on In-Line Interferometer; ; CHAPTER 7 SURFACE-PLASMON-RESONANCE-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 7.1 Coating of Optical Fiber; 7.2 Theoretical Modeling Multimode Optical Fiber Sensor Based on SPR; 7.3 EMD-Based Filtering Algorithm; ; CHAPTER 8 SAGNAC-INTERFEROMETER-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 8.1 Principle of Sagnac Interferometer; 8.2 Optical Fiber Gyroscope; 8.3 The Optical Fiber Coil Quality Inspection Method; 8.3.1 Group Birefringence Thermal Coefficient of Polarization-Maintaining Fibers; 8.3.2 Optical Fiber Coil Winding Method; 8.3.3 Polarization Crosstalk Measurement; 8.3.4 Transient Characteristics Measurement with Temperature Stimulation; 8.4 Optical Fiber Current Sensing; ; CHAPTER 9 MODE-INTERFERENCE-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 9.1 Mode Interference Theory of Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode; 9.2 Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Based on SMS; 9.2.1 Sensor Design and Fabrication; 9.2.2 Self-Temperature-Compensation Sensing; 9.2.3 Simultaneous Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing; 9.3 Optical Fiber Magnetic Field Sensor Based on SMS; 9.3.1 Magnetic Fluid; 9.3.2 Sensor Design and Fabrication; 9.3.3 Simultaneous Magnetic Field and Temperature Sensing; ; CHAPTER 10 WHISPER-GALLERY-MODE-BASED OPTICAL FIBER SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 10.1 Whisper-Gallery-Mode Theory; 10.2 Process of Micro Capillary With Inner Pressure Air; 10.2.1 Drawing System and Drawing Model; 10.2.2 Fabrication of Microtube; 10.2.3 Fabrication of Hollow Microsphere; 10.3 Optical Fiber Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Microtube WGM; 10.3.1 Magnetic Nanoparticle Assembly; 10.3.2 Sensor Fabrication and Measurement; 10.4 Optical Fiber Dual Parameters Sensor Based on Hollow Microsphere WGM; 10.5 Ultraprecise Resonance Wavelength Determination Method; ; CHAPTER 11 OPTICAL FIBER INTRA-CAVITY LASER GAS SENSING TECHNOLOGY; 11.1 Theory of Optical Fiber Intra-Cavity Laser Gas Sensing; 11.1.1 Principle of Optical Fiber Laser; 11.1.2 Sensitivity Enhancement of Gas Sensing by Direct Absorption; 11.1.3 Optical Fiber Intra-Cavity Laser Gas Sensing by Wavelength Modulation; 11.1.4 Effect of Temperature on Performance of Gas Sensing; 11.2 Optical Fiber Intra-Cavity Laser Gas Sensing System Design; 11.3 Spectrum Signal Process; 11.3.1 De-Noise with EMD; 11.3.2 Baseline Extraction; 11.3.3 Spectrum Separation; 11.3.4 Concentration Demodulation; 11.4 Wavelength Calibration Analysis and Gas Recognition; ; CHAPTER 12 OPTICAL FIBER BASED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; 12.1 Optical Fiber Coherence Tomography Theory; 12.1.1 Time-Domain Optical Fiber Based Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.1.2 Frequency-Domain Optical Fiber Based Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.2 Functional Optical Fiber Based Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.2.1 Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.2.2 Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography; 12.3 Biomedical Applications; 12.3.1 Dentistry; 12.3.2 Cardiovasology; 12.3.3 Neurology; ; CHAPTER 13 DISCRETE OPTICAL FIBER SENSING NETWORK TECHNOLOGY; 13.1 Topology of Optical Fiber Sensing Network; 13.2 Robustness Evaluation of Optical Fiber Sensing Network; 13.2.1 Robustness Evaluation Model; 13.2.2 Robustness Affection Factor; 13.2.3 Optimization Arrangement; ; CHAPTER 14 DISTRIBUTED VIBRATION SENSING BASED ON DUAL MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; 14.1 Theory of Distributed Vibration Sensing Based on Dual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer; 14.1.1 Principle of System; 14.1.2 Performance Affection Factor; 14.2 Polarization Control Method; 14.2.1 Polarization-Induced Phase Shift and Polarization-Induced Fading; 14.2.2 Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm; 14.2.3 Genetic Algorithm; 14.2.4 Annealing Algorithm; 14.3 Interferometer Based Distributed Vibration Sensing Instrument Design; 14.4 Signal Process Algorithm and Instrument; 14.3.1 Endpoint Detection; 14.3.2 Position Determination; 14.3.3 Intrusion Pattern Recognition; ; CHAPTER 15 REGIONAL STYLE INTELLIGENT PERIMETER SECURITY TECHNIQUE BASE ON MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; 15.1 Principle of System; 15.2 Instrument Design; 15.3 Perimeter Security Application; ; CHAPTER 16 DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSING BASED ON RAMAN SCATTERING; 16.1 Raman Scattering Theory; 16.2 Principle of System; 16.3 Systemn Design; 16.4 De-Noising Algorithm Based on EEMD; 16.5 Applicaion on Electric Power Industry; ; CHAPTER 17 DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING BASED ON OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; 17.1 Theory of Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.1.1 Direct-Detection-Based Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.1.2 Coherent-Detection-Based Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.2 Pulse Modulation Method; 17.3 Acoustic Sensitivity Enhance Method of Optical Fiber; 17.4 Dual-Pulse Coherent Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; 17.5 Chirp-Pulse Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry; ; CHAPTER 18 DISTRIBUTED SENSING BASED ON OPTICAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; 18.1 Principle of Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry; 18.2 Measurement Range OFDR Beyond Laser Coherence Length; 18.3 Laser Frequency Tuning Nonlinearity and Compensation; 18.3.1 Laser Frequency Tuning Nonlinearity; 18.3.2 Compensation Using Non-Uniform Fast Fourier Transform; 18.3.3 Compensation Using Deskew Filter; 18.4 Distributed Sensing System and Application; 18.4.1 Distributed Vibration Sensing Base on Correlation Analysis; 18.4.2 Distributed Strain and Temperature Measurement; 18.4.3 Distributed Magnetic Field and Current Sensor Bas…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 3 Activities and Applications -- 3.1 Trading / DEXs -- 3.1.1 Automated Market Makers (AMMs) -- 3.1.2 Aggregators -- 3.2 Overcollateralized Lending / Borrowing -- 3.3 Governance / DAOs -- 3.4 Undercollateralized Lending -- 3.4.1 Uncollateralized Lending to Real-world Borrowers -- 3.4.2 Uncollateralized Lending to Crypto Institutions -- 3.4.3 Real World Assets -- 3.4.4 Centrifuge -- 3.4.5 MakerDAO and RWA -- 3.4.6 SocGen Pilots and MakerDAO Collaboration -- 3.4.7 Smart Bonds -- 3.4.8 Credit Scoring -- 3.5 Investing -- 3.5.1 Index Products - Spot -- 3.5.2 Index Products - Perpetual Futures -- 3.5.3 Dashboards -- 3.6 Payments -- 3.6.1 Crypto Payment Gateways -- 3.6.2 Big Payments and Crypto -- 3.6.3 Crypto Debit / Credit Cards -- 3.6.4 On-off Ramps -- 3.6.5 Solana Pay and Circle -- 3.6.6 Bitcoin Payments -- 3.7 Insurance -- 3.8 Prediction Markets -- 3.9 Chapter Summary -- Notes -- Chapter 4 Risks and Mitigation -- 4.1 Types of Losses -- 4.2 Basic Terminology -- 4.3 Endogenous DeFi Risks -- 4.3.1 Smart Contract Risks: Code Exploit Example: The DAO Hack -- 4.3.2 Economic Exploit Example: Mango Markets -- 4.3.3 Operational Exploit Example: Ronin Bridge Hack -- 4.3.4 CeFi Contagion / Systemic Risk -- 4.4 Exogenous DeFi Risks -- 4.4.1 Financial Stability -- 4.4.2 Pronounced Risks in Developing Countries -- 4.4.3 Banking-to-Crypto Concentration Risks -- 4.4.4 Stablecoins -- 4.4.5 Market Integrity -- 4.4.6 Frontrunning -- 4.4.7 Market Manipulation -- 4.4.8 Money Laundering, Funding of Illicit Activity and Terrorism -- 4.4.9 Consumer Protection -- 4.4.10 Disclosure, or the Lack Thereof -- 4.4.11 Data Protection -- 4.5 Chapter Summary -- Notes -- Chapter 5 Regulation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Global Nature of Crypto and DeFi -- 5.2.1 How this Chapter Is Organized -- 5.3 What Regulators Want -- 5.4 Are Tokens Securities? …”

“…The data are expressed as the percent cell viability of unexposed control values versus the test chemical concentration. The resulting concentration-response curves serve to determine the effective concentrations causing 50% loss in cell viability, i.e. the EC50 value. …”

“…Twenty embryos (one embryo per well) are exposed to the chemical tested at each concentration level. The test includes five increasing concentrations of the chemical tested and a control. …”

“…Depending on the endpoint (ECx, NOEC or both), five to twelve concentrations should be tested. At least two to four replicates for each test concentrations and six to eight control replicates, of 10 animals each, are recommended. …”

“…A minimum of three dietary concentrations of the test substance is required. The maximum recommended test concentration is 1000 ppm. …”

“…A minimum of four known concentrations of the chemical being tested should be investigated with a known concentration of metal ions. …”

“…Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test substance mixed into an artificial soil. …”

“…In the test, fish are exposed, from newly fertilized egg until the completion of sexual differentiation at about 60 days post hatch, to at least three concentrations of the test substance dissolved in water. …”

“…The shake flask method consists on dissolution of a pre-determined amount of the test substance in the test medium to yield a concentration of 5-40 mg/l dissolved organic carbon (DOC). …”

“…The concentration of the test substance in/on the fish is followed through both phases of the test. …”