“…Cells/nuclei are treated with lysis buffer to remove cellular and/or nuclear membranes. The nuclear DNA in the agar is then subjected to electrophoresis at high pH. …”

“…Moreover, the photo-induced production of singlet oxygen generates an extremely high oxidative stress on DNA that, in vivo, normally results in extended cellular apoptosis. Elucidating the processes leading to DNA damages, from the production of a simple radical entity to deleterious lesions, as well as the opportunities of repair by devoted enzymes, is a cornerstone towards the development of more efficient protection strategies. …”

“…For scientists involved in investigations that explore fundamental cellular events in colorectal cancer, this volume provides a framework for translational integration of cell biological and clinical information. …”

“…The first section covers the interaction between cellular components and HIV proteins, Integrase, Tat, and Nef. …”

“…This is achieved by altering cellular excitability, synaptic transmission (release probability, postsynaptic receptor responsiveness, thus altering synaptic strength and efficacy) and network properties. …”

“…The papers collected in this Special Issue deal with the effects of ionizing radiation at molecular and cellular levels, as well as possible applications in medicine and radiation protection. …”

“…Engagement of PRRs by microbial or host-derived danger signals coordinates the cellular innate immune response. While some receptors such as Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and C-type Lectin Receptors (CLRs) are membrane bound, others like the Retinoic-acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I)-Like Receptors (RLRs), Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptors (NLRs) and several DNA receptors (e.g. …”

“…When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment that is suitably designed to be in strict connection with cellular conditions. This Special Issue gives the reader a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to also be used as traces for the discovery of some relevant biological processes. …”

“…From a fundamental perspective, this new discipline has led us to regard quantum theory itself as a special theory of information, and has opened routes for exploring solutions to the tension with general relativity, based, for example, on the holographic principle, on non-causal variations of the theory, or else on the powerful algorithm of the quantum cellular automaton, which has revealed new routes for exploring quantum fields theory, both as a new microscopic mechanism on the fundamental side, and as a tool for efficient physical quantum simulations for practical purposes. …”

“…The Special Issue, "Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents 2.0", gathered eleven publications, including two reviews and nine research articles, about the anticancer activities of marine natural and/or derived products on in vitro 2D and 3D cellular models, and/or in vivo models of colorectal, breast, lung, myeloma, liver, leukemia, and melanoma cancers. …”

“…In this context, various novel technologies have been introduced, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) transmission, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes in order to support the vision of fifth generation (5G) wireless cellular networks. The introduction of these technologies, however, is inextricably connected with a holistic redesign of the current transceiver structures, as well as the network architecture reconfiguration. …”

“…However, research has also shown that p53 plays a role in a wide range of other cellular functions, like serving as a biomarker for environmental pollution. …”

“…Moreover, a new gene involved in resistance to Cr(VI) has also been identified, the primary function of which consists in the induction of the cellular response to sulphur starvation. The study of this gene has highlighted that the sulphur content of the soils is one of the parameters that can influence the bioremediation of soils contaminated with Cr(VI)…”

“…Transcriptional regulation is a critical biological process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals, to define cell identity during development, to maintain it throughout its lifetime, and to coordinate cellular activity. This control involves multiple temporal and functional steps as well as innumerable molecules including transcription factors, cofactors, and chromatin regulators. …”

“…Most infections are incidental but some infections are persistent with a higher risk to generate cellular abnormalities. Two vaccines against human papillomavirus are developed, Gardasil(r) and Cervarix(r). …”

“…The inner ear is a complex machinery at the cellular and molecular levels. Many different genes and proteins play roles in the development and maintenance of its structure and function, through participating in diverse molecular networks. …”

“…He describes the profound shift in emphasis from patient-oriented research to research at the cellular and molecular level. This shift has created an imbalance between two contrasting research approaches to the problems of human disease--reductionism and integrative research. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Israel -- Molecular and cellular biology of the blood-brain barrier and its characteristics in brain tumors / Helga E. de Vries ... …”

“…The topics covered in the individual reviews include structural aspects (domain architecture, homologs and paralogs, and structure), biochemical properties (mechanism, sequence specificity, product specificity, regulation, and histone and non-histone substrates), cellular features (subcellular localization, expression patterns, cellular roles and function, biological effects of substrate protein methylation, connection to cell signaling pathways, and connection to chromatin regulation) and their role in diseases. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Fluid Resuscitation -- Copyright -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Photographs -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- HISTORY OF FLUID RESUSCITATION -- ORIGIN, SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- 2 Pathophysiology of Acute Hemorrhagic Shock -- DEFINITIONS OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK -- Organ Involvement in Shock -- PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES TO HEMORRHAGE -- Shock Decompensation -- Cellular Responses to Shock -- Altered Energy Metabolism, Ion Compartmentalization, Lipid Metabolism, and Radical Production and Metabolism -- Alterations in Macrophage Function -- Surgical Bleeding Disorders -- Fundamental Alterations in Transcription and Translation: Apoptosis -- Alterations in Secretion of and Cellular Responsiveness to Growth Factors -- HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH SHOCK AND RESUSCITATION -- Transfusion of the Patient in Shock -- Massive Transfusion -- Risks of Blood Transfusion -- Blood Substitutes and Alternatives to Transfusion -- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Experience With and Complications of Fluid Resuscitation -- OVERVIEW OF COLLOID AND CRYSTALLOID RESUSCITATION -- COMPLICATIONS OF RESUSCITATION IN GENERAL -- Effects of Fluid Resuscitation on Coagulation -- Oxygen Toxicity Associated with Resuscitation -- Reperfusion-Mediated Injury -- Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals -- Nitric Oxide -- Activated Neutrophils -- Complications of Late Resuscitation of Shock -- COMPLICATIONS OF COLLOID RESUSCITATION -- COMPLICATIONS OF CRYSTALLOID RESUSCITATION -- Effects of Crystalloid Resuscitation on Immune Function -- Effects of Crystalloid Resuscitation on Cytokine Response -- Adverse Effects of Large-Volume Crystalloid Resuscitation -- Adverse Effects of Lactated Ringer's Solution -- Safety and Efficacy of Hypertonic Saline Solutions -- ALTERNATIVE RESUSCITATION APPROACHES -- SUMMARY…”