“…In addition, epigenetic based-mechanisms can also influence the mobility of these elements, likely by transcriptional activation or repression in certain cell types. Studies regarding how mobile genetic elements interface and evolve with these pathways will rely on genomic studies from various model organisms. …”

“…Activity of the multi-functional networked neurons depends on their intrinsic states and bears both cell- and network-defined features. Firing patterns of a neuron are conventionally attributed to spatial-temporal organization of inputs received from the network-mates via synapses, in vast majority dendritic. …”

“…Furthermore, vitamin D and its analogs were shown to regulate proliferation and differentiation of keratinocyte, immune cells, and numerous cancer-derived cells, both in vivo and in vitro. …”

“…The peripheral membrane proteins transduce the extracellular signaling into the cells. The peripheral membrane proteins include the G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, channels and transporters. …”

“…Many traditional anti-cancer chemotherapy agents overwhelm a cell’s ability to repair DNA damage in order to kill proliferating malignant cells. …”

“…Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. …”

“…ROS/RNS generate unique signaling cascades that are not only essential in skeletal muscle contraction and adaptation but also play a role in a wide array of cell processes including cell proliferation, protein synthesis/degradation, immune response and antioxidant defense. …”

“…It is not only the genetic information contained in every cell, but also numerous stochastic biomolecular processes that are at work in morphogenesis. …”

“…Irritant test substances are identified by their ability to decrease cell viability below defined threshold levels (below or equal to 50% for UN GHS Category 2). …”

“…The second key event on the adverse outcome pathway leading to skin sensitisation takes place in the keratinocytes and includes inflammatory responses as well as gene expression associated with specific cell signalling pathways such as the antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE)-dependent pathways. …”

“…Bone marrow and/or blood cells are collected, prepared and stained. Preparations are analyzed for the presence of micronuclei. …”

“…Get to know the Excel 2013 window and terminology Create, edit, and manage cells, worksheets, and workbooks Apply styles and themes to worksheets and adjust cell formatting with various fonts, colors, and borders Work with formulas and functions to analyze data then present that data in a PivotTable, chart, or graph Includes 8-1/2 hours of Excel 2013 video training. …”

“…In inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as vascular diseases, T-cell activation, and consequently pro-inflammatory cascades, trigger the increased expression of T-cell-derived RANKL. …”

“…The basic concept of "Nano/Micro-Assisted Regenerative Medicine" is to use advanced nano/micro-technologies, either alone or in combination with specific cells, such as stem cells, to replace, enhance, or regenerate damaged or diseased human tissues or organs. …”

“…Lipid peroxidation is the major molecular mechanism that induces oxidative damage to cell structures and is also involved in the toxicity process that leads to cell death.Lipid peroxidation is a chain reaction initiated by the hydrogen abstraction or addition of an oxygen radical, resulting in the oxidative damage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). …”

“…P53 is a protein that plays an important role in the regulation of cell division and thereby offers protection to the cell against malignant transformation. …”

“…Transcriptional regulation is a critical biological process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals, to define cell identity during development, to maintain it throughout its lifetime, and to coordinate cellular activity. …”

“…New biological agents, which target pathologic T cell activity, have been developed. This report deals with the biological agents tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors (infliximab (Remicade(r))), adalimumab (Humira(r)), etanercept (Enbrel(r)) and efalizumab (Raptiva(r)) which is a T cell modulator. …”

“…Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure time. …”

“…Corrosive materials are identified by their ability to produce a decrease in cell viability below defined threshold levels at specified exposure time. …”