Tabla de Contenidos: “…Inequality, extractive institutions, and rent seeking in Brazil; 3.4 . Evidence of redistribution to the rich in Brazil; 3.4.1 . …”

“…Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil…”

“…Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil…”

“…The second edition of A Concise History of Brazil offers a sweeping yet accessible history of Latin America's largest country. …”

“…Brazil…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Intro -- Basic statistics of Brazil, 2019 -- Executive summary -- The COVID-19 outbreak has plunged the economy into a deep recession -- Raising spending efficiency is needed to address fiscal challenges -- Reviving productivity is the key for a strong recovery of incomes -- Well-designed training policies are key -- 1 Key policy insights -- The strength of the recovery will hinge on economic reforms -- COVID-19 has plunged the economy back into a long and deep recession -- The short-term prospects will depend on the health situation -- Risks are centred around the implementation of reforms and fiscal sustainability -- External vulnerabilities seem contained -- Financial soundness indicators are solid but the pandemic entails unprecedented risks -- Inflation is below target and interest rates have reached a long-time low -- The fiscal outlook has become much more challenging after COVID-19 -- Fiscal adjustment will have to resume after the pandemic -- Reducing budget rigidities is key -- Improving the effectiveness of social transfers -- Managing high payroll expenses -- Reducing inefficient subsidies and tax expenditures -- Reforming taxes to boost productivity and enhance fairness -- Further social progress is possible at reasonable fiscal cost -- Strengthening the social safety net -- Improving labour market policies -- Raising the quality of education -- Fighting corruption and economic crimes -- Making economic growth greener and more sustainable -- Halting illegal deforestation in the Amazon region -- References -- 2 Raising productivity through structural reforms -- Possible sources of low productivity growth -- How can policies help to strengthen productivity growth? …”