“…Many maps detailing various stages of the border negotiations over the course of nearly three centuries. …”

“…Chapters engage with some of the most contentious academic and policy debates of the twenty-first century, including the historical creation of borders, re-bordering, the criminalisation of migration, and the politics of selective toleration of smuggling. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps -- Abstract -- 1 Null Model -- 2 LUCC Budget -- 3 Quantity and Allocation Disagreement -- 4 Figure of Merit (FoM) and Complementary Producer's and User's Accuracy -- 5 Incidents and States -- 6 Intensity Analysis -- 7 Flow Matrix -- References -- 10 Validation of Soft Maps Produced by a Land Use Cover Change Model -- Abstract -- 1 Correlation -- 2 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) -- 3 Difference in Potential (DiP) -- 4 Total Uncertainty, Quantity Uncertainty, Allocation Uncertainty -- References -- 11 Spatial Metrics to Validate Land Use Cover Maps -- Abstract -- 1 Spatial Metrics -- References -- 12 Advanced Pattern Analysis to Validate Land Use Cover Maps -- Abstract -- 1 Map Curves -- 2 Change on Pattern Borders -- 3 Allocation Error Distance -- References -- 13 Geographically Weighted Methods to Validate Land Use Cover Maps -- Abstract -- 1 Overall, User's and Producer's Accuracy Through GWR -- References -- Land Use Cover Datasets: A Review -- 14 Global General Land Use Cover Datasets with a Single Date -- Abstract -- 1 UMD LC Classification-University of Maryland Land Cover Classification -- 2 GLCC 2.0 Global-Global Land Cover Characterization 2.0 -- 3 GLC2000-Global Land Cover 2000 -- 4 Geo-Wiki Hybrid -- 5 LADA LUC Map-Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands -- 6 GLC-SHARE-Global Land Cover-SHARE -- 7 OSM Landuse/Landcover -- References -- 15 Global General Land Use Cover Datasets with a Time Series of Maps -- Abstract -- 1 GLASS-GLC-Global Land Surface Satellite-Global Land Cover -- 2 LC-CCI-Land Cover-Climate Change Initiative -- 3 GLC30-GlobeLand30 -- 4 GLC250-Global Land Cover 250 m -- 5 MCD12Q1-MODIS/Terra + Aqua Land Cover Type -- 6 GLCNMO-Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organization -- 7 GlobCover…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…An Introduction to the Global Segregation Book -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Approach and Justification -- 1.3 Income Inequality and Segregation -- 1.4 Main Results in Five Conclusions -- 1.5 A Global Segregation Thesis -- Appendix 1: Guidelines for Authors, Data, and Methods -- Appendix 2: Summary Table of Data Used for Each Case Study City -- Appendix 3: Occupational Structure of Comparable Case Study Cities (Source Individual Chapters in This Book) -- Appendix 4: Dissimilarity Indices Between Top and Bottom Socio-economic Status Groups, in All Years Provided by the Authors (Source Individual Chapters in This Book) -- References -- 2 Residential Segregation Between Income Groups in International Perspective -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Challenges of Comparing Segregation Across Borders -- 2.3 Method and Data -- 2.4 Results -- 2.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part II Africa -- 3 Income Inequality, Socio-Economic Status, and Residential Segregation in Greater Cairo: 1986-2006 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Social Geography of GCR -- 3.3 GCR as a Case in Point -- 3.4 Factors Influencing Residential Segregation in GCR -- 3.4.1 Income Inequality -- 3.4.2 Welfare Regime Politics -- 3.4.3 Centralized Urban Governance -- 3.4.4 Settlement Types: Formal and Informal -- 3.4.5 Housing Policies -- 3.5 Landscape of Residential Segregation in GCR, 1986-2006 -- 3.6 Spatial Distribution of Occupational Groups -- 3.7 Neighborhoods' Leading Specializations -- 3.8 Patterns of Socio-Economic Intermixing -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Social Inequality and Spatial Segregation in Cape Town -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Determinants of Residential Patterns -- 4.2.1 Racial Segregation: 1950s-1980s…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Gateway Protocol 162 -- 7.1.3 Autonomous System 163 -- 7.1.4 Characteristics of EGP 165 -- 7.2 Exterior Gateway Protocol 166 -- 7.2.1 Evolution of EGP Standards 166 -- 7.2.2 EGP Terminology and Topology 166 -- 7.2.3 EGP Operation Model 167 -- 7.3 Border Gateway Protocol 169 -- 7.3.1 Router Connectivity and Terminology 169 -- 7.3.2 Routing Information Base 181 -- 7.3.3 BGP Operation 182 -- 7.3.4 Decision Process 184 -- 7.3.5 Route Selection Process 185 -- References 188 -- Abbreviations/Terminologies 189 -- Questions 190 -- Exercises 191 -- Part IV Other Routing Contexts 195 -- 8 Routing in ATM Networks 197 -- 8.1 Introduction 197 -- 8.1.1 ATM Frames 199 -- 8.1.2 ATM Connection 199 -- 8.1.3 ATM Architecture 203 -- 8.1.4 Service Categories 204 -- 8.2 PNNI Routing 206 -- 8.2.1 PNNI Interface 207 -- 8.2.2 PNNI Hierarchy 207 -- 8.2.3 Building the Network Topology 209 -- 8.2.4 Peer Group Leader 210.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…3.3.4 Development of the Kinematic Trajectory-Tracking Error Model -- 3.3.5 Linear Controller -- 3.3.6 Lyapunov-Based Control Design -- 3.3.7 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Control Design in the LMI Framework -- Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Error Model of a Differentially Driven Wheeled Mobile Robot -- PDC Control of a Differentially Driven Wheeled Mobile Robot -- 3.3.8 Model-Based Predictive Control -- Discrete MPC -- 3.3.9 Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Control -- MPC With PSO -- 3.3.10 Visual Servoing Approaches for Solving the Control Problems in Mobile Robotics -- 3.4 Optimal Velocity Profile Estimation for a Known Path -- References -- Chapter 4: Path Planning -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Robot Environment -- 4.1.2 Path Planning -- 4.1.3 Configuration and Configuration Space -- 4.1.4 Mathematical Description of Obstacle Shape and Pose in the Environment -- Border-Based Description of Obstacles -- Obstacle Description Using Intersecting Half-Planes -- 4.2 Environment Presentation for Path Planning Purposes -- 4.2.1 Graph Representation -- 4.2.2 Cell Decomposition -- Accurate Decomposition to Cells -- Approximate Decomposition to Cells -- 4.2.3 Roadmap -- Visibility Graph -- Voronoi Graph -- Triangulation -- 4.2.4 Potential Field -- 4.2.5 Sampling-Based Path-Planning -- RRT Method -- PRM Method -- 4.3 Simple Path Planning Algorithms:Bug Algorithms -- 4.3.1 Bug0 Algorithm -- 4.3.2 Bug1 Algorithm -- 4.3.3 Bug2 Algorithm -- 4.4 Graph-Based Path Planning Methods -- 4.4.1 Breadth-First Search -- 4.4.2 Depth-First Search -- 4.4.3 Iterative Deepening Depth-First Search -- 4.4.4 Dijkstra's Algorithm -- 4.4.5 A∗ Algorithm -- 4.4.6 Greedy Best-First Search -- References -- Chapter 5: Sensors Used in Mobile Systems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Coordinate Frame Transformations -- 5.2.1 Orientation and Rotation -- 5.2.2 Translation and Rotation…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Configuring Your SkyDrive Folder Permissions -- Letting People Know About Your SkyDrive Data -- Collaborating on an Office Document in SkyDrive -- Collaborating with the Office Web Apps Using SharePoint 2010 -- Working with Library Permissions -- Letting People Know About Your SharePoint Data -- Collaborating on an Office Document in SharePoint -- 5 Formatting Your Office Web Apps Documents -- Changing the Font -- Setting the Typeface -- Changing the Type Size -- Applying Type Effects -- Setting Text Colors -- Formatting Paragraphs -- Building a Bulleted List -- Creating a Numbered List -- Setting the Indentation -- Aligning Paragraphs -- Applying Styles -- Inserting a Link -- Clearing Formatting -- 6 Working with the Office Web Apps File Features -- Saving a File -- Opening a Document in the Desktop Application -- Downloading a Snapshot of an Excel Workbook -- Downloading a Copy of an Excel Workbook -- Closing a File -- 7 Using the Word Web App -- Understanding the Word Web App's Restrictions -- Finding Text -- Building Word Tables -- Inserting a Table -- Selecting Table Elements -- Inserting Rows and Columns -- Changing the Column Width and Row Height -- Aligning Table Elements -- Deleting Table Elements -- Inserting Images -- Inserting a Picture -- Inserting Clip Art -- Formatting Images -- Proofing Word Documents -- 8 Using the Excel Web App -- Understanding the Excel Web App's Restrictions -- Building a Worksheet -- Entering Text, Numbers, and Dates -- Building Formulas -- Selecting Ranges -- Making a Copy of a Range -- Moving a Range -- Inserting a Range -- Deleting a Range -- Formatting a Range -- Adding Borders -- Aligning Text Vertically Within a Cell -- Wrapping Text Within a Cell -- Applying a Numeric Format -- Applying a Date Format -- Controlling the Number of Decimal Places -- Building Tables in the Excel Web App…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…5.6 Prudential Treatment of Crypto-asset Exposures -- 5.7 SSBs, United States and European Union -- 5.7.1 BCBS: Prudential Treatment on Banks' Crypto-asset Exposures -- 5.7.2 CPMI - IOSCO: PFMI and Stablecoins -- 5.7.3 IOSCO -- 5.7.4 FATF - AML / CFT -- 5.7.5 Survey of Jurisdictions on the State of Crypto-asset Regulation -- 5.8 European Union - MiCA -- 5.9 United States -- 5.10 DeFi Specific Regulation -- 5.10.1 DEXs -- 5.10.2 Stablecoins -- 5.11 Chapter Summary -- Notes -- Part II DLT in Traditional Finance -- Chapter 6 Central Bank Digital Currencies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Prologue: Libra -- 6.3 Role of the Central Bank -- 6.4 Structure of the Monetary System and a View Towards the Future -- 6.5 Central Bank Motivations and Considerations around CBDCs -- 6.6 Retail vs Wholesale CBDCs -- 6.7 Wholesale CBDCs -- 6.7.1 Domestic W-CBDCs -- 6.7.2 Bilateral W-CBDCs -- 6.7.3 Multilateral CBDCs (mCBDCs) -- 6.8 Case Study: Project mBridge -- 6.9 Retail CBDCs -- 6.10 Benefits and Risks of R-CBDCs -- 6.11 R-CBDC Design Choices -- 6.11.1 Nature of Claims and Role of the Central Bank -- 6.11.2 DLT or Conventional Centralized Ledger -- 6.11.3 Token- or Account-based Access -- 6.11.4 Cross-border -- 6.11.5 Holding and Transaction Limits -- 6.11.6 Interest Yielding -- 6.12 Types of R-CBDCs -- 6.12.1 Direct -- 6.12.2 Two-tier Models: Hybrid and Intermediated -- 6.12.3 Indirect / Synthetic -- 6.13 Examples of R-CBDCs -- 6.14 Case Study: Nigerian eNaira -- 6.15 Case Study: United States -- 6.16 Case Study: eCNY -- 6.17 Chapter Summary -- Notes -- Chapter 7 Asset Tokenization -- 7.1 What Is Asset Tokenization? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 4 Aims of this Book -- 5 Structure of the Book -- Part 1 International Humanitarian Relief in Non-international Armed Conflicts -- Chapter 1 Actors Involved in Relief Actions -- 1 Affected State -- 2 Non-state Armed Groups -- 2.1 Characteristics -- 2.2 Definition -- 2.3 With and without Territorial Control -- 2.4 Responsible Organ or Functionary -- 3 Humanitarian Actors -- 3.1 In General -- 3.2 Types of Humanitarian Actors -- 3.2.1 Third States -- 3.2.2 International Relief Organisations -- 3.2.3 Non-governmental Relief Organisations -- 3.2.4 The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) -- 4 Non-belligerent States -- 5 Civilians -- Chapter 2 Legal Framework -- 1 Overview -- 2 Relevant Laws and Principles -- 2.1 The Principles of State Sovereignty and Non-interference -- 2.2 International Humanitarian Law (IHL) -- 2.2.1 Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols -- 2.2.2 Customary Law -- 2.2.3 Fundamental Principles of IHL -- 2.3 Humanitarian Principles -- 2.4 International Human Rights Law -- 2.4.1 Application of ihrl and ihl during Armed Conflicts -- 2.4.2 Relevant IHRL Provisions -- 2.5 International Criminal Law -- Chapter 3 The Concept of Humanitarian Relief -- 1 Historical Perspective -- 2 Defining Humanitarian Relief -- 2.1 Characteristics of Humanitarian Relief -- 2.2 Distinction from Other Forms of Aid during Armed Conflicts -- 2.2.1 Development Assistance -- 2.2.2 Peace-Keeping Missions -- 3 Implementation of International Humanitarian Relief -- 3.1 Negotiating Humanitarian Access -- 3.2 Crossline and Cross-Border Provision…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Chapter 3 Existence of the Right to Secession -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Right of Self-Determination Outside Decolonisation -- 2.1 Brief Historical Outline -- 2.2 Meaning of 'Peoples' -- 2.3 No Right to Secession -- 2.4 Outline of the Content of the Right of Self-Determination -- 3 Remedial Secession -- 4 Right to Secede Derived from Other Sources -- 4.1 Right to 'Secede' with the Consent of the Parent State -- 4.2 Independence Referenda in Secessionist Contexts -- 4.2.1 Unilateral Referendum Does Not Give Rise to the Right to Secede -- 4.2.2 Independence Referenda Within the Purview of International Law -- 5 Conclusion -- Chapter 4 Territorial Integrity of the Parent State and Neutrality of International Law Regarding Secession -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Formation of the Borders of a New State -- 2.1 International Frontiers -- 2.2 Principle of Uti Possidetis Iuris -- 2.1.1 Applicability beyond Decolonisation -- 2.1.2 Technical Aspects -- 2.1.3 Uti Possidetis Iuris vs Effectiveness -- 2.1.4 Dispositive Rule and Its Relationship with Self-Determination -- 3 Principle of Territorial Integrity -- 3.1 Underlying Rationales and Scope -- 3.2 Territorial Integrity of the Parent State in the Secessionist Struggle -- 4 Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Limits to the Effectiveness Paradigm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Perplexity of Automaticity of the State's Emergence and Its Objectivity -- 2.1 Reflection of a Fundamental Debate in Philosophy -- 2.2 Brief Reference to Municipal Law and Constitutive Theory -- 2.3 International Law Presumes a Strong Objectivity of Legal Facts -- 2.4 Tools Neutralising the Weaknesses of a Declaratory Theory -- 3 State Practice Mapping -- 3.1 Relevance of the Parent State's Consent -- 3.2 Practice of Unilateral Secession -- 3.3 Key Takeaways from the Reading of the Practice -- 4 Conclusion -- Conclusion to Section 1.…”

“…In particular, it concerns literary, aesthetic, linguistic, didactic and methodological phenomena of a (post)border character, specific transitions between borders and the (non)possibility of delimiting them, as well as mental, metaphorical and verbal circulations in time and space, taking, for example, the form of transnational and interdisciplinary transfer of culture, thought, discourse and language. …”

“…Special regime for exploitation of certain intangibles. (ii) cross-border unilateral APAs and any other cross-border unilateral tax rulings (such as an advance tax ruling) covering transfer pricing or the application of transfer pricing principles; (iii) rulings providing for unilateral downward adjustments; (iv) permanent establishment rulings; and (v) related party conduit rulings…”

“…The first addresses an apparent growth in discriminatory practices toward cross-border investment in recent years motivated by concerns about national security and related…”

“…Also, the externalisation of migration policy includes the shift of migration control from the national border to safe third countries or to asylum processing centres close to the sending states…”

“…Publication of research on the archaeology, history and heritage of frontiers and borderlands focusing on the Anglo-Welsh border…”