Tabla de Contenidos: “…9.7 Subrings -- Criterion for a subset to be a subring -- Examples from Matrices -- Example from Quaternions -- 9.8 Exercise -- 9.9 Integral Domains and Fields -- 9.10 Examples -- 9.11 Exercise -- 9.12 Solved Problems -- 9.13 Supplementary Exercises -- 9.14 Answers to Exercise -- Unit - 4 -- Chapter 10: System of Linear Equations -- Geometrical Interpretation -- 10.1 Matrix Notation -- 10.2 Solving a Linear System -- 10.3 Elementary Row Operations (ERO) -- 10.4 Solved Problems -- 10.5 Exercise -- 10.6 Row Reduction and Echelon Forms -- 10.7 Exercise -- 10.8 Vector Equations -- 10.9 Vectors in R2 -- 10.10 Geometric Descriptions of R2 -- 10.11 Vectors in Rn -- Algebraic Properties of Rn -- Points in Rn -- Lines in Rn -- Planes in Rn -- Linear Combination of Vectors -- 10.12 Exercise -- 10.13 Solutions of Linear Systems -- 10.14 Parametric Description of Solution Sets -- 10.15 Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions -- 10.16 Homogenous System -- 10.17 Exercise -- 10.18 Solution Sets of Linear Systems -- 10.19 Exercise -- 10.20 Answers to Exercises -- Chapter 11: Matrices -- 11.1 Matrix of Numbers -- Types of matrices -- On the basis of size -- On the Basis of Elements -- 11.2 Operations on Matrices -- 11.3 Partitioning of Matrices -- 11.3.1 Multiplication of Partitioned Matrices -- 11.4 Special Types of Matrices -- Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices -- Hermitian and Skew Hermitian Matrices -- 11.5 Exercise -- 11.6 Inverse of a Matrix -- 11.7 Adjoint of a Matrix -- 11.8 Negative Integral Powers of a Non-singular Matrix -- 11.9 Inverse of Partitioned Matrices -- 11.10 Solved Problems -- 11.11 Exercise -- 11.12 Orthogonal and Unitary Matrices -- 11.13 Length Preserving Mapping -- 11.14 Exercise -- 11.15 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors -- Determination of eigenvalues and eigenvectors -- 11.16 Cayley Hamilton Theorem and its Applications…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 10.3 Function Definition -- 10.4 The return Statement -- 10.5 Types of Functions -- 10.6 Call by Value and Reference -- 10.7 Function Returning More Values -- 10.8 Function as an Argument -- 10.9 Function with Operators -- 10.10 Function and Decision Statements -- 10.11 Function and Loop Statements -- 10.12 Functions with Arrays and Pointers -- 10.13 Passing Array to a Function -- 10.14 Nested Functions -- 10.15 Recursion -- 10.16 Types of Recursion -- 10.17 Rules for Recursive Function -- 10.18 Direct Recursion -- 10.19 Indirect Recursion -- 10.20 Recursion Versus Iterations -- 10.21 The Towers of Hanoi -- 10.22 Advantages and Disadvantages of Recursion -- 10.23 Efficiency of Recursion -- 10.24 Library Functions -- Summary -- Exercises -- 11 Storage Classes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Lifetime of a Variable -- 11.1.2 Visibility of a Variable -- 11.2 Automatic Variables -- 11.3 External Variables -- 11.4 Static Variables -- 11.5 Static External Variables -- 11.6 Register Variables -- Summary -- Exercises -- 12 Preprocessor Directives -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The #define Directive -- 12.3 Undefining a Macro -- 12.4 Token Pasting and Stringizing Operators -- 12.5 The #include Directive -- 12.6 Conditional Compilation -- 12.7 The #ifndef Directive -- 12.8 The #error Directive -- 12.9 The #line Directive -- 12.10 The #pragma inline Directive -- 12.11 The #pragma saveregs -- 12.12 The #pragma Directive…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 10.3 Matching Process to Culture -- 10.4 Mixing Psychology and Computer Programming -- 10.5 Process Improvement from Within -- 10.6 Picking Your Battles -- 10.7 Fostering Teamwork -- 10.8 Why Good Developers Oppose Process Improvement -- 10.9 Procedural Justice -- 10.10 Input from Everyone -- 10.11 Showing Leadership -- 10.12 Process Improvement People May Be the Problem -- 10.13 Combining Process and Technology Training -- 10.14 Listening to the Rhythm -- 10.15 Processes Need to Be Tested -- 10.16 Baby Steps and Process Improvement -- 10.17 Selling Process Improvement -- 10.18 What's in It for Me? -- 10.19 Process Improvement as a Service -- 10.20 Guerrilla Tactics for Process Improvement -- Conclusion…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 10.3 Function Definition -- 10.4 The return Statement -- 10.5 Types of Functions -- 10.6 Call by Value and Reference -- 10.7 Function Returning More Values -- 10.8 Function as an Argument -- 10.9 Function with Operators -- 10.10 Function and Decision Statements -- 10.11 Function and Loop Statements -- 10.12 Functions with Arrays and Pointers -- 10.13 Recursion -- 10.14 Types of Recursion -- 10.15 Rules for Recursive Function -- 10.16 Direct Recursion -- 10.17 Indirect Recursion -- 10.18 Recursion Versus Iterations -- 10.19 The Towers of Hanoi -- 10.20 Advantages and Disadvantages of Recursion -- 10.21 Efficiency of Recursion -- 10.22 Library Function -- Summary -- Exercises…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…10.9 Kano Model of Customer Satisfaction -- 10.10 American Customer Satisfaction Index -- 10.11 Customer Retention -- 10.11.1 Tips for Customer Retention -- 10.11.2 Profitability Associated With Customer Retention -- 10.12 Customer Loyalty -- 10.13 Factors for Establishing Loyal Customers -- 10.14 Customer Attrition -- 10.15 How Companies Lose Their Customers -- 10.16 Customer Surveys -- 10.17 Customer and Quality Service -- 10.18 The Key Elements of Service Quality -- 10.19 Customer Retention Versus Employee Morale -- 10.20 Action to be Taken to Handle Customer Complaints -- 10.21 Healthy Practices by Customer Focused Organizations -- 10.22 Customer Code of Ethics to be Followed -- 10.23 Recently Held International Quality Symposia -- 10.24 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Chapter 11: Total Employee Involvement -- 11.1 What is Total Employee Involvement? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…6.10.14 Case 4: Image-Based Features Extraction in Pavement Cracking Evaluation -- 6.10.15 Automatic Extraction of Crack Features -- 6.10.16 Extraction of Crack Skeleton Using Shearlet Complex Method -- 6.10.17 Calculate Crack Width Feature Using External Multiplication Method -- 6.10.18 Detection of Crack Starting Feature (Crack Core) Using EPA Emperor Penguin Metaheuristic Algorithm -- 6.10.19 Selection of Crack Root Feature Based on Geodetic Distance -- 6.10.20 Determining Coordinates of the Crack Core as the Optimal Center at the Failure Level using EPA Method -- 6.10.21 Development of New Features for Crack Evaluation Based on Graph Energy -- 6.10.22 Crack Homogeneity Feature Based on Graph Energy Theory -- 6.10.23 Spall Type 1 Feature: Crack Based on Graph Energy Theory in Crack Width Mode -- 6.10.24 General Crack Index Based on Graph Energy Theory -- 6.11 Summary and Conclusion -- 6.12 Questions and Exercises -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7 Feature Prioritization and Selection Methods -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 A Variety of Features Selection Methods -- 7.2.1 Filter Methods -- 7.2.2 Correlation Criteria -- 7.2.3 Mutual Information (MI) -- 7.2.4 Wrapper Methods -- 7.2.5 Sequential Feature Selection (SFS) Algorithm -- 7.2.6 Heuristic Search Algorithm (HAS) -- 7.2.7 Embedded Methods -- 7.2.8 Hybrid Methods -- 7.2.9 Feature Selection Using the Fuzzy Entropy Method -- 7.2.10 Hybrid-Based Feature Selection Using the Hierarchical Fuzzy Entropy Method -- 7.2.11 Step 1: Measure Similarity Index and Evaluate Features -- 7.2.12 Step 2: Final Feature Vector -- 7.3 Classification Algorithm Based on Modified Support Vectors for Feature Selection - CDFESVM -- 7.3.1 Methods for Determining the Fuzzy Membership Function in Feature Selection -- 7.4 Summary and Conclusion -- 7.5Questions and Exercises -- Further Reading…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…10.5.1 PRIMERA LEY DE KIRCHHOFF -- 10.5.2 SEGUNDA LEY DE KIRCHHOFF -- 10.5.2.1 PASOS PARA RESOLVER UNA MALLA, UTILIZANDO LA LEY DE KIRCHHOFF -- 10.6 PUENTE DE WHEATSTONE -- 10.7 POTENCIA ELÉCTRICA PARA CORRIENTE CONTINUA -- 10.8 POTENCIA ELÉCTRICA CONTRATADA -- 10.9 ICP -- 10.10 POTENCIA PERDIDA EN LOS CABLES CONDUCTORES -- 10.10.1 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA POTENCIA PERDIDA EN LOS CABLES CONDUCTORES -- 10.11 POTENCIA EN CORRIENTE ALTERNA -- 10.12 ENERGÍA CONSUMIDA -- 10.13 FUERZA ELECTROMOTRIZ -- 10.13.1 FUERZA ELECTROMOTRIZ Y MEDICIÓN DE LA CORRIENTE QUE FLUYE POR UN CIRCUITO -- 10.14 VOLTAJE DE LAS TERMINALES DE UN GENERADOR -- 10.15 REDES ELÉCTRICAS -- 10.16 GENERACIÓN DE ELECTRICIDAD -- 10.17 RED DE ALTA TENSIÓN -- 10.18 RED DE DISTRIBUCIÓN -- 10.19 GESTIÓN DE UNA RED ELÉCTRICA -- 10.20 CIRCUITO RC -- 10.21 CONSTANTE DE TIEMPO -- UNIDAD XI - MAGNETISMO Y ELECTROMAGNETISMO -- 11.1 MAGNETISMO -- 11.2 ELECTROMAGNETISMO -- 11.3 CAMPO MAGNÉTICO -- 11.3.1 DETERMINACION DE LA INTENSIDAD DEL CAMPO MAGNÉTICO -- 11.3.2 UNIDADES DE MEDIDAS -- 11.3.2.1 UNIDAD DE MEDIDA DEL CAMPO MAGNÉTICO -- 11.4 TESLA -- 11.5 WEBER -- 11.6 CAMPO MAGNÉTICO SOBRE UNA CORRIENTE -- 11.7 IMÁN -- 11.8 POLOS MAGNÉTICOS -- 11.9 EFECTO HALL -- 11.10 LEY DE AMPERE O LEY DE BIOT-SAVART -- 11.10.1 LEY DE AMPERE -- 11.10.2 LEY DE BIOT-SAVART -- 11.11 CAMPO EN EL CENTRO DE UNA ESPIRA CIRCULAR -- 11.12 ELECTROIMÁN -- 11.13 FUNCIONAMIENTO DE UN ELECTROIMÁN -- 11.14 CAMPO DE UN SOLENOIDE -- 11.14.1 SOLENOIDE -- RESPUESTAS DE LOS EJERCICIOS -- BILBLIOGRAFÍA GENERAL…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…4 -- 1.4.1 Femtocell Attributes 6 -- 1.4.2 Femtocell Standards 7 -- 1.4.3 Types of Femtocell 7 -- 1.5 Applications for Femtocells 7 -- 1.6 What a Femtocell is not 8 -- 1.7 The Importance of 'Zero-Touch' 10 -- 1.8 User Benefits 11 -- 1.9 Operator Motivations and Economic Impact 13 -- 1.10 Operator Responses 14 -- 1.11 Challenges 15 -- 1.12 Chapter Overview 15 -- 2 Small Cell Background and Success Factors 17 / Simon Saunders -- 2.1 Introduction 17 -- 2.2 Small Cell Motivations 17 -- 2.2.1 Cellular Principles 17 -- 2.2.2 Conventional Cell Types: Why 'Femtocells'? …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…9.2.2 Graphene-Aerogels-Based Carbon Allotropes in Carbon Dioxide Capturing -- 9.3 Functionalized Graphene-Based Carbon Allotropes in Carbon Dioxide Capturing -- 9.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Carbon Allotropes in Air Purification -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Historical and Chemical Properties of Some Designated Carbon-Based Allotropes -- 10.3 Structure and Characteristics of Carbon Allotropes -- 10.4 Uses of Carbon Nanotube Filters for Removal of Air Pollutants -- 10.5 Physicochemical Characterization of CNTs -- 10.6 TiO2 Nanofibers in a Simulated Air Purifier Under Visible Light Irradiation -- 10.7 Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) (PVP) -- 10.8 VOCs -- 10.9 Heavy Metals -- 10.10 Particulate Matter (PM) -- 10.11 Techniques to Remove Air Pollutants and Improve Air Treatment Efficiency -- 10.12 Removal of NOX by Photochemical Oxidation Process -- 10.13 Chemically Adapted Nano-TiO2 -- 10.14 Alternative Nanoparticulated System -- 10.15 Photodegradation of NOX Evaluated for the ZnO-Based Systems -- 10.16 Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes -- 10.17 Mechanism of Technologies -- 10.18 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Carbon Allotropes in Waste Decomposition and Management -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Management Methods for Waste -- 11.2.1 Landfilling -- 11.2.2 Incineration -- 11.2.3 Mechanical Recycling -- 11.2.3.1 Downcycling Method -- 11.2.3.2 Upcycling Method -- 11.3 Process of Pyrolysis: Waste Management to the Synthesis of Carbon Allotropes -- 11.4 Synthesis Methods to Produce Carbon-Based Materials From Waste Materials -- 11.4.1 Catalytic Pyrolysis -- 11.4.2 Batch Pyrolysis-Catalysis -- 11.4.3 CVD Method -- 11.4.4 Pyrolysis-Deposition Followed by CVD -- 11.4.5 Thermal Decomposition -- 11.4.6 Activation Techniques -- 11.4.6.1 Physical Activation Technique -- 11.4.6.2 Chemical Activation Technique…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- 10.2 Types of Swaps -- 10.3 Terminologies in Swaps -- 10.4 Interest Rate Swaps -- 10.5 Swap Rates -- 10.6 Rationale for Swap Arrangements -- 10.7 Swap with Intermediaries -- 10.8 Forward Swaps -- 10.9 Swaptions -- 10.10 Uses of Interest Rate Swaps -- 10.11 Valuation of Interest Rate Swaps -- 10.12 Currency Swaps -- 10.12.1 Differences Between an Interest Rate Swap and a Currency Swap -- 10.12.2 Basic Structure of Currency Swaps -- 10.13 Currency Risk in Currency Swaps -- 10.14 Comparative Advantages of Currency Swaps -- 10.15 Uses of Currency Swaps -- 10.16 The Valuation of a Currency Swap -- 10.17 Equity Swaps -- 10.18 The Valuation of an Equity Swap -- 10.19 Commodity Swaps -- 10.20 Risks While Entering into Interest Rate Swaps -- Chapter Summary -- Review Questions -- Problems -- Case Study -- Chapter 11: Fundamentals of Options -- Learning Objectives -- 11.1 Options Issued by Corporations -- 11.1.1 Warrants -- 11.1.2 Employee Stock Options -- 11.1.3 Convertible Bonds -- 11.1.4 Callable Bonds -- 11.1.5 Put Bonds -- 11.1.6 Rights -- 11.2 Options Contracts Between Private Parties -- 11.3 Exchange-traded Options…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Plazo, forma, contenido y notificación del laudo -- 10.18. Reconocimiento y ejecución de un laudo arbitral -- 10.19. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…-- About the Authors xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xix -- 1 Introduction to Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 A Brief History of the Access Network 2 -- 1.3 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) 3 -- 1.3.1 DSL Technologies and Their Evolution 3 -- 1.3.2 DSL System Technologies 5 -- 1.4 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial Cable (HFC) 5 -- 1.5 Power Line Communications (PLC) 6 -- 1.6 Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 7 -- 1.7 Wireless Broadband Access 10 -- 1.8 Direct Point-to-Point Connections 12 -- Appendix 1.A: Voiceband Modems 12 -- 2 Introduction to Fiber Optic Broadband Access Networks and Technologies 15 -- 2.1 Introduction 15 -- 2.2 A Brief History of Fiber in the Loop (FITL) 16 -- 2.3 Introduction to PON Systems 18 -- 2.3.1 PON System Overview 18 -- 2.3.2 PON Protocol Evolution 19 -- 2.4 FITL Technology Considerations 21 -- 2.4.1 Optical Components 21 -- 2.4.2 Powering the Loop 22 -- 2.4.3 System Power Savings 23 -- 2.4.4 PON Reach Extension 25 -- 2.5 Introduction to PON Network Protection 30 -- 2.5.1 Background on Network Protection 31 -- 2.5.2 PON Facility Protection 31 -- 2.5.3 OLT Function Protection 35 -- 2.5.4 ONU Protection 40 -- 2.5.5 Conclusions Regarding Protection 42 -- 2.6 Conclusions 42 -- Appendix 2.A: Subscriber Power Considerations 43 -- References 43 -- Further Reading 43 -- 3 IEEE Passive Optical Networks 45 -- 3.1 Introduction 45 -- 3.2 IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet-based PON (EPON) 45 -- 3.2.1 EPON Physical Layer 46 -- 3.2.2 Signal Formats 46 -- 3.2.3 MAC Protocol 48 -- 3.2.4 Encryption and Security 49 -- 3.2.5 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 50 -- 3.2.6 ONU Discovery and Activation 51 -- 3.2.7 ONU Ranging Mechanism 52 -- 3.2.8 EPON OAM 52 -- 3.2.9 Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA) 53 -- 3.3 IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet-based PON (10G EPON) 54 -- 3.3.1 10G EPON Physical Layer 54 -- 3.3.2 Signal Format 58 -- 3.3.3 MAC Protocol 59 -- 3.3.4 Forward Error Correction 59 -- 3.3.5 ONU Discovery and Activation 61.…”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…Schmitt Trigger Feedback Network 385 9.16 Bipolar Transistor Receivers 389 9.17 CMOS Differential Receiver with Analog Layout Concepts 397 9.18 CMOS Differential Receiver Capacitance Loading 398 9.19 CMOS Differential Receiver ESD Mismatch 398 9.20 Analog Differential Pair ESD Signal Pin Matching with CommonWell Layout 400 9.21 Analog Differential Pair Common Centroid Design Layout - Signal-Pin to Signal-Pin and Parasitic ESD Elements 403 9.22 Off-chip Drivers (OCD) 405 9.23 Off-chip Driver I/O Standards and ESD 407 9.24 Off-chip Driver (OCD) ESD Design Basics 408 9.25 Off-chip Drivers (OCD): Mixed Voltage Interface 414 9.26 Off-chip Drivers (OCD): Self-bias Well OCD Networks 414 9.27 Self-bias Well Off-chip Driver (OCD) Networks 415 9.28 ESD Protection Networks for Self-bias Well OCD Networks 417 9.29 Programmable Impedance Off-chip Driver (OCD) Network 418 9.30 ESD Input Protection Networks for Programmable Impedance Off-chip Drivers 422 9.31 Universal Off-chip Drivers 423 9.32 Gate Array Off-chip Driver Design 423 9.33 Gate Array OCD Design - Impedance Matching of Unused Elements 425 9.34 OCD ESD Design - Power Rails Over Multi-finger MOSFETs 426 9.35 Off-chip Driver: Gate-modulated MOSFET ESD Network 427 9.36 Off-chip Driver Simplified Gate Modulated Network 428 9.37 Off-chip Drivers ESD Design: Integration of Coupling and Ballasting Techniques 428 9.38 Ballasting and Coupling 429 9.39 MOSFET Source-initiated Gate-bootstrapped Resistor Ballasted Multi-finger MOSFET with Diode 429 9.40 MOSFET Source-initiated Gate-bootstrapped Resistor Ballasted Multi-finger MOSFET with a MOSFET 430 9.41 Gate-coupled Domino Resistor-ballasted MOSFET 431 9.42 Substrate-modulated Resistor Ballasted MOSFET 433 9.43 Summary and Closing Comments 434 Problems 435 References 437 10 On-Chip ESD Protection Circuits - ESD Power Clamps 441 10.1 ESD Power Clamps 441 10.2 ESD Power Clamp Design Practices 441 10.3 Current Loops 442 10.4 Impedance 442 10.5 Segmentation 443 10.6 Voltage Limitations 443 10.7 Latchup 443 10.8 ESD Power Clamp Circuits 444 10.9 Classification of ESD Power Clamps 444 10.10 Master-Slave ESD Power Clamps 445 10.11 Trigger Networks 445 10.12 ESD Power Clamp Characteristics and Issues 445 10.13 Design Synthesis of ESD Power Clamp - Key Design Parameters 446 10.14 Design Synthesis of ESD Power Clamps Trigger Networks 446 10.15 Transient Response Frequency Trigger Element and the ESD Frequency Window 446 10.16 ESD Power Clamp Frequency Design Window 447 10.17 Design Synthesis of ESD Power Clamp - Voltage Triggered ESD Trigger Elements 448 10.18 Design Synthesis of ESD Power Clamp - The ESD Power Clamp Shunting Element 449 10.19 ESD Power Clamp Trigger Condition vs. …”