Tabla de Contenidos: “…The 'Zionist entity' ; 3. The Arab world ; 4. Qadisiyyah Saddam (the Iran-Iraq War) ; 5. …”

Tabla de Contenidos: “…The development of Islamic civilization to the eighteenth century -- The rise and expansion of Islam -- The development of Islamic civilization to the fifteenth century -- The Ottoman and Safavid empires : a new imperial synthesis -- The beginnings of the era of transformation -- Forging a new synthesis : the pattern of reforms, 1789-1849 -- The Ottoman Empire and Egypt during the era of the Tanzimat -- Egypt and Iran in the late nineteenth century -- The response of Islamic society -- The era of the Young Turks and the Iranian constitutionalists -- World War I and the end of the Ottoman order -- The struggle for independence : the interwar era to the end of World War II -- Authoritarian reform in Turkey and Iran -- The Arab struggle for independence : Egypt, Iraq, and Transjordan from the interwar era to 1945 -- The Arab struggle for independence : Syria, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia from the interwar era to 1945 -- The Palestine mandate and the birth of the state of Israel -- The independent Middle East from the end of World War II to the 1970s -- Democracy and authoritarianism : Turkey and Iran -- The Middle East in the age of Nasser : the Egyptian base -- The Middle East in the age of Nasser : the radicalization of Arab politics -- Israel and the Palestinians from 1948 to the 1970s -- The resurgence of Islam : the Middle East from the 1970s to the 1991 -- Gulf war -- The Iranian revolution and the revival of Islam -- Changing patterns of war and peace : Egypt and Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s -- The Arabian Peninsula in the petroleum era -- The consolidation of authoritarian rule in Syria and Iraq : the regimes of Hafiz Al-Asad and Saddam Husayn -- Challenges to the existing order : the Middle East in the 1990s and 2000s -- The Palestinian Intifada and the 1991 Gulf War -- A peace so near, a peace so far : Palestinian-Israeli relations since the 1991 Gulf War -- Patterns of continuity and change in Turkey, Iran, and Lebanon -- America's troubled moment in the Middle East -- The 2011 Arab uprisings and its aftermath…”