Introductory Chemistry, EBook, Global Edition
For 1-semester courses in preparatory chemistry. Actively engage students to succeed in the course and beyond Introductory Chemistry shows how chemistry manifests in students' daily lives. Award-winning instructor and author Nivaldo Tro draws on his classroom experience to engage students, capt...
| Otros Autores: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Harlow, England :
Pearson Education Limited
[2023]
|
| Edición: | Seventh edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009863798406719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Pearson's Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
- About the Author
- Contents
- Interactive Media Contents
- To the Student
- To the Instructor
- Preface
- Chapter 1. The Chemical World
- 1.1 Sand and Water
- 1.2 Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
- 1.3 The Scientific Method: How Chemists Think
- Everyday Chemistry: Combustion and the Scientific Method
- 1.4 Analyzing and Interpreting Data
- Identifying Patterns in Data
- Interpreting Graphs
- 1.5 A Beginning Chemist: How to Succeed
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 2. Measurement and Problem Solving
- 2.1 The Metric Mix-up: A 125 Million Unit Error
- 2.2 Scientific Notation: Writing Large and Small Numbers
- 2.3 Significant Figures: Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
- Counting Significant Figures
- Exact Numbers
- Chemistry In The Media: The COBE Satellite and Very Precise Measurements That Illuminate Our Cosmic Past
- 2.4 Significant Figures in Calculations
- Multiplication and Division
- Rounding
- Addition and Subtraction
- Calculations Involving Both Multiplication/Division and Addition/Subtraction
- 2.5 The Basic Units of Measurement
- The Base Units
- Prefix Multipliers
- Derived Units
- 2.6 Problem Solving and Unit Conversion
- Converting Between Units
- General Problem-Solving Strategy
- 2.7 Solving Multistep Unit Conversion Problems
- 2.8 Unit Conversion in Both the Numerator and Denominator
- 2.9 Units Raised to a Power
- Chemistry And Health: Drug Dosage
- 2.10 Density
- Calculating Density
- Density as a Conversion Factor
- Chemistry And Health: Density, Cholesterol, and Heart Disease
- 2.11 Numerical Problem-Solving Strategies and the Solution Map
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms.
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 3. Matter and Energy
- 3.1 In Your Room
- 3.2 What Is Matter?
- 3.3 Classifying Matter According to Its State: Solid, Liquid, and Gas
- 3.4 Classifying Matter According to Its Composition: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
- 3.5 Differences in Matter: Physical and Chemical Properties
- 3.6 Changes in Matter: Physical and Chemical Changes
- Separating Mixtures Through Physical Changes
- 3.7 Conservation of Mass: There Is No New Matter
- 3.8 Energy
- Chemistry In The Environment: Getting Energy out of Nothing?
- Units of Energy
- 3.9 Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
- 3.10 Temperature: Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
- 3.11 Temperature Changes: Heat Capacity
- Everyday Chemistry: Coolers, Camping, and the Heat Capacity of Water
- 3.12 Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 4. Atoms and Elements
- 4.1 Experiencing Atoms at Tiburon
- 4.2 Indivisible: The Atomic Theory
- 4.3 The Nuclear Atom
- 4.4 The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
- Everyday Chemistry: Solid Matter?
- 4.5 Elements: Defined by Their Numbers of Protons
- 4.6 Looking for Patterns: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
- 4.7 Ions: Losing and Gaining Electrons
- Ions and the Periodic Table
- 4.8 Isotopes: When the Number of Neutrons Varies
- 4.9 Atomic Mass: The Average Mass of an Element's Atoms
- Chemistry In The Environment: Radioactive Isotopes at Hanford, Washington
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 5. Molecules and Compounds
- 5.1 Sugar and Salt
- 5.2 Compounds Display Constant Composition.
- 5.3 Chemical Formulas: How to Represent Compounds
- Polyatomic Ions in Chemical Formulas
- Types of Chemical Formulas
- 5.4 A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
- Atomic Elements
- Molecular Elements
- Molecular Compounds
- Ionic Compounds
- 5.5 Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
- Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Containing Only Monoatomic Ions
- Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
- 5.6 Nomenclature: Naming Compounds
- 5.7 Naming Ionic Compounds
- Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms Only One Type of Cation
- Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms More Than One Type of Cation
- Naming Ionic Compounds Containing a Polyatomic Ion
- Everyday Chemistry: Polyatomic Ions
- 5.8 Naming Molecular Compounds
- 5.9 Naming Acids
- Naming Binary Acids
- Naming Oxyacids
- 5.10 Nomenclature Summary
- Ionic Compounds
- Molecular Compounds
- Acids
- 5.11 Formula Mass: The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 6. Chemical Composition
- 6.1 How Much Sodium?
- 6.2 Counting Nails by the Kilogram
- 6.3 Counting Atoms by the Gram
- Converting between Moles and Number of Atoms
- Converting between Grams and Moles of an Element
- Converting between Grams of an Element and Number of Atoms
- 6.4 Counting Molecules by the Gram
- Converting between Grams and Moles of a Compound
- Converting between Grams of a Compound and Number of Molecules
- 6.5 Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
- Converting between Moles of a Compound and Moles of a Constituent Element
- Converting between Grams of a Compound and Grams of a Constituent Element
- 6.6 Mass Percent Composition of Compounds.
- 6.7 Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
- Chemistry And Health: Fluoridation of Drinking Water
- 6.8 Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
- Calculating an Empirical Formula from Experimental Data
- 6.9 Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 7. Chemical Reactions
- 7.1 Grade School Volcanoes, Automobiles, and Laundry Detergents
- 7.2 Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
- 7.3 The Chemical Equation
- 7.4 How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
- 7.5 Aqueous Solutions and Solubility: Compounds Dissolved in Water
- Aqueous Solutions
- Solubility
- 7.6 Precipitation Reactions: Reactions in Aqueous Solution That Form a Solid
- 7.7 Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution: Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations
- 7.8 Acid-Base and Gas-Evolution Reactions
- Acid-Base (Neutralization) Reactions
- Gas-Evolution Reactions
- Chemistry And Health: Neutralizing Excess Stomach Acid
- 7.9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- 7.10 Classifying Chemical Reactions
- Classifying Chemical Reactions by What Atoms Do
- Classification Flowchart
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 8. Quantities in Chemical Reactions
- 8.1 Climate Change: Too Much Carbon Dioxide
- 8.2 Making Pancakes: Relationships between Ingredients
- 8.3 Making Molecules: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
- 8.4 Making Molecules: Mass-to-Mass Conversions
- 8.5 More Pancakes: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield
- 8.6 Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
- 8.7 Enthalpy: A Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed in a Reaction
- Sign of Hrxn ΔHrxn.
- Everyday Chemistry: Bunsen Burners
- Stoichiometry of Hrxn ΔHrxn
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 9. Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
- 9.1 Blimps, Balloons, and Models of the Atom
- 9.2 Light: Electromagnetic Radiation
- 9.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Chemistry And Health: Radiation Treatment for Cancer
- 9.4 The Bohr Model: Atoms with Orbits
- 9.5 The Quantum-Mechanical Model: Atoms with Orbitals
- Baseball Paths and Electron Probability Maps
- From Orbits to Orbitals
- 9.6 Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
- Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals
- Electron Configurations: How Electrons Occupy Orbitals
- 9.7 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
- 9.8 The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
- 9.9 Periodic Trends: Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Metallic Character
- Atomic Size
- Ionization Energy
- Chemistry And Health: Pumping Ions: Atomic Size and Nerve Impulses
- Metallic Character
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Key Terms
- Exercises
- Answers to Skillbuilder Exercises
- Answers to Conceptual Checkpoints
- Chapter 10. Chemical Bonding
- 10.1 Bonding Models and AIDS Drugs
- 10.2 Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
- 10.3 Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds: Electrons Transferred
- 10.4 Covalent Lewis Structures: Electrons Shared
- Single Bonds
- Double and Triple Bonds
- 10.5 Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
- Writing Lewis Structures for Polyatomic Ions
- Exceptions to the Octet Rule
- 10.6 Resonance: Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
- 10.7 Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
- Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper
- Chemistry And Health: Fooled by Molecular Shape.
- 10.8 Electronegativity and Polarity: Why Oil and Water Don't Mix.
