Identifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew : A Modern Philological Approach

Identifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew A Modern Philological Approach

The identities of the stones mentioned in the Hebrew Bible have remained a problem for millennia. Instead of relying on ancient translations, this study synthesizes comparative linguistics with the archeogemological corpus to resolve their identities.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores: Ayil, Ephraim S., author (author)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Leiden, The Netherlands : Koninklijke Brill bv [2024]
Edición:First edition
Colección:Ancient languages and civilizations ; Volume 7.
Materias:
Bible. > Old Testament > Terminology.
Breastplate of the High Priest.
Gems > Religious aspects > Judaism.
Hebrew language > Foreign words and phrases.
Minerals in the Bible.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009847329206719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Front Cover
  • ‎Half-Title Page
  • ‎Series Title Page
  • ‎Title Page
  • ‎Copyright Page
  • ‎Contents
  • ‎Acknowledgements
  • ‎Chapter 1. Introduction
  • ‎1. Methodology
  • ‎1.1. Practical Considerations
  • ‎1.1.1. Pre-internet Research Limitations
  • ‎1.1.2. Poor Bibliography
  • ‎1.1.3. Linguistic Barrier
  • ‎1.2. Textual Considerations
  • ‎1.2.1. Translation Biases and Issues
  • ‎1.2.2. Biblical-Internal
  • ‎1.2.3. Ancient Textual Sources
  • ‎1.3. Material Considerations
  • ‎1.3.1. Physical
  • ‎1.3.2. Archeological
  • ‎1.4. Linguistic Considerations
  • ‎1.4.1. Accurate Translations
  • ‎1.4.2. Etymological Fallacy
  • ‎1.4.3. Direct Corroboration
  • ‎1.4.4. Etymology
  • ‎1.5. Deductive Reasoning
  • ‎2. Terminology/Scope
  • ‎3. Limitations/Preface
  • ‎Chapter 2. The Ḥōšen-Priestly Breastplate
  • ‎Chapter 3. ‮אֹדֶם‬‎ ʾōḏem-Carnelian
  • ‎1. Defining Carnelian
  • ‎Chapter 4. ‮ ִטְדָה‬‎ Piṭḏā-Peridot
  • ‎1. False Etymologies
  • ‎2. Reexamining an Old Connection
  • ‎3. Identity
  • ‎Chapter 5. ‮ ָרֶקֶת‬‎ Bāreḳeṯ-Green Jasper
  • ‎1. Medieval Identifications
  • ‎1.1. Problematic Identification with Emerald
  • ‎2. Previous Etymologies
  • ‎3. Cognates
  • ‎3.1. Greek
  • ‎3.2. Aramaic
  • ‎3.3. Akkadian-Neo-Babylonian
  • ‎3.4. Akkadian-Old through Neo-Babylonian
  • ‎3.5. Ancient Egyptian
  • ‎3.6. Ugaritic
  • ‎3.7. Eblaite
  • ‎4. A Semitic Etymology
  • ‎5. Possible Identities
  • ‎5.1. Greco-Phoenician Σμάραγδος Smaragdos Baetyl
  • ‎5.2. Timna
  • ‎6. Putting the Data Together
  • ‎Chapter 6. ‮נֹפֶךְ‬‎ Nōp̄eḵ-Turquoise
  • ‎1. Derivation from Egyptian mfk t
  • ‎2. Semantics
  • ‎3. ‮ ךְ‬‎ Pūḵ
  • ‎Chapter 7. ‮סַ ִיר‬‎ Sappīr-Lapis Lazuli
  • ‎1. The Biblical Sources
  • ‎2. Greco-Roman Sources for Σάπφειρος Sappheiros
  • ‎3. The Supposed Indian Origin
  • ‎4. Marginal Cognates
  • ‎5. Akkadian Analogue and a Revised Etymology
  • ‎Chapter 8. ‮יָהֲלֹם‬‎ Yāhălōm.
  • ‎Chapter 9. ‮לֶ ֶם‬‎ Lešem-Amazonite
  • ‎Chapter 10. ‮ ְבוֹ‬‎ Šəḇō-Agate
  • ‎Chapter 11. ‮אַחְלָמָה‬‎ ʾaḥlāmā-Red Jasper
  • ‎1. Phonology
  • ‎2. Ancient Translations
  • ‎Chapter 12. ‮ ַרְ ִי ‬‎ Taršīš-Amber
  • ‎1. Internal Evidence for the Color of Taršīš-Stone
  • ‎2. Tars̆īs̆ = Tartessos = A Stone from Tartessos
  • ‎3. Applying the Philological Method
  • ‎4. Other Previous Views
  • ‎5. Conclusion
  • ‎Chapter 13. ‮ ֹהַם‬‎ Šōham-Onyx
  • ‎1. The Location of ‮חֲוִילָה‬‎ Ḥăwīlā
  • ‎2. Terminological Issues concerning Onyx
  • ‎3. Chalcedony Onyx in Arabia
  • ‎4. The Egyptian Word for Onyx
  • ‎5. Towards an Etymology
  • ‎6. New Biblical Interpretations
  • ‎Chapter 14. ‮יָ ְפֶה‬‎ Yošp̄e-Blue Chalcedony
  • ‎1. Cognates
  • ‎2. Yaspids in Greek and Mesopotamian Sources
  • ‎3. The Elamite Yašpu
  • ‎4. Breaking My Rules
  • ‎5. Cultural Realia, Geography, Mythology-Towards an Etymology
  • ‎6. Conclusion
  • ‎Chapter 15. ‮ ָמִיר‬‎ Šāmīr-Emery
  • ‎1. Cognates
  • ‎2. The Etymology of ‮ ָמִיר‬‎ Šāmīr
  • ‎2.1. The Syrian Source
  • ‎2.2. An Anatolian Source and Etymology
  • ‎3. The Shamir Worm
  • ‎Chapter 16. ‮ ָבִי ‬‎ Gāḇīš &amp
  • ‮אֶלְ ָבִי ‬‎ ʾelgāḇīš-Crystal Quartz, Gypsum &amp
  • Hail
  • ‎1. Previous Hypotheses
  • ‎2. Phonological Analysis
  • ‎3. Hebrew Sources for ‮אֶלְ ָבִי ‬‎ ʾelgāḇīš
  • ‎4. On ‮ ָבִי ‬‎ Gāḇīš
  • ‎5. History in Other Languages
  • ‎6. Semantics
  • ‎Chapter 17. ‮ ַדְ ֹד‬‎ Kadkōḏ &amp
  • ‮אֶקְ ָח‬‎ ʾeḳdāḥ-Garnet
  • ‎1. ‮ ַדְ ֹד‬‎ Kadkōḏ
  • ‎2. ‮אֶקְ ָח‬‎ ʾeḳdāḥ
  • ‎3. Greek Ἄνθραξ Anthrax and Latin Carbunculus
  • ‎4. Ugaritic Pḥm and Akkadian Pēndȗ
  • ‎5. Historiography
  • ‎Chapter 18. ‮צֹר‬‎ Ṣōr &amp
  • ‮חַ ָמִי ‬‎ Ḥallāmīš-Flint/Obsidian
  • ‎1. ‮צֹר‬‎ Ṣōr
  • ‎1.1. ‮צֹר‬‎ Ṣōr as 'Rock Crystal'?
  • ‎2. ‮חַ ָמִי ‬‎ Ḥallāmīš
  • ‎2.1. Arabic
  • ‎2.2. Greek
  • ‎2.3. Akkadian
  • ‎2.4. Ultimate Source.
  • ‎3. Afterword: Implications for the Reconstruction of Ancient Egyptian Phonology
  • ‎4. Harmonizing the Data
  • ‎Chapter 19. ‮ ַיִ ‬‎/‮ ֵ ‬‎ Šayiš/Šēš &amp
  • ‮ ִר‬‎ Gir-Limestone
  • ‎1. ‮ ַיִ ‬‎/‮ ֵ ‬‎ Šayiš/Šēš
  • ‎2. ‮ ִר‬‎ Gir
  • ‎3. Afterword
  • ‎Chapter 20. Other Classical Hebrew Lithonyms
  • ‎1. ‮ ַהַט‬‎ Bahaṭ
  • ‎2. ‮ ֹחַן‬‎ Bōḥan
  • ‎3. ‮ ָפְרִית‬‎ Gop̄rīt̠
  • ‎4. ‮ ַר‬‎ Dar
  • ‎5. ‮מֶלַח‬‎ Melaḥ
  • ‎6. ‮נֶתֶר‬‎ Neṯer
  • ‎7. ‮ ָ ַר‬‎ Shāshar
  • ‎Chapter 21. Final Analysis
  • ‎1. Patterns in Borrowing
  • ‎2. Reconsidering the Septuagint and a Potential Pattern
  • ‎3. A Theory of the Septuagint
  • ‎4. Frontiers for Future Research
  • ‎Appendix. Index of Publications concerning Stones in the Bible
  • ‎Bibliography
  • ‎Index of Foreign Words
  • ‎Hebrew
  • ‎Akkadian
  • ‎Arabic
  • ‎Judeo-Arabic
  • ‎Aramaic
  • ‎Coptic
  • ‎Eblaite
  • ‎Egyptian
  • ‎Elamite
  • ‎Ethiopic
  • ‎Greek
  • ‎Hittite
  • ‎Hurrian
  • ‎Latin
  • ‎Luwian
  • ‎Old Nubian
  • ‎Old South Arabian
  • ‎Old Persian
  • ‎Phoenician
  • ‎Sanskrit
  • ‎Sumerian
  • ‎Syriac
  • ‎Ugaritic
  • ‎Index of Gemstones &amp
  • Minerals
  • Back Cover.

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