Campbell biology in focus
For introductory biology course for science majors Focus. Practice. Engage. Built unit-by-unit, Campbell Biology in Focus achieves a balance between breadth and depth of concepts to move students away from memorisation. Streamlined content enables students to prioritise essential biology content, co...
| Otros Autores: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Harlow, England :
Pearson
[2020]
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| Edición: | Third, Global edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009841929706719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- About the Authors
- Preface
- Organization and New Content
- Featured Figures
- Acknowledgments
- Brief Contents
- Detailed Contents
- Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology
- Overview Inquiring About Life
- Concept 1.1 The study of life reveals unifying themes
- Theme: New Properties Emerge at Successive Levels of Biological Organization
- Theme: Life's Processes Involve the Expression and Transmission of Genetic Information
- Theme: Life Requires the Transfer and Transformation of Energy and Matter
- Theme: Organisms Interact with Other Organisms and the Physical Environment
- Concept 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
- Classifying the Diversity of Life
- Unity in the Diversity of Life
- Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection
- The Tree of Life
- Concept 1.3 In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
- Exploration and Discovery
- Gathering and Analyzing Data
- Forming and Testing Hypotheses
- The Flexibility of the Scientific Process
- A Case Study in Scientific Inquiry: Investigating Coat Coloration in Mouse Populations
- Variables and Controls in Experiments
- Theories in Science
- Science as a Social Process
- Unit 1 Chemistry and Cells
- 2 The Chemical Context of Life
- Overview The Importance of Chemistry to Life
- Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds
- Elements and Compounds
- The Elements of Life
- Evolution of Tolerance to Toxic Elements
- Concept 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms
- Subatomic Particles
- Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
- Isotopes
- The Energy Levels of Electrons
- Electron Distribution and Chemical Properties.
- Concept 2.3 The formation and function of molecules depend on chemical bonding between atoms
- Covalent Bonds
- Ionic Bonds
- Weak Chemical Interactions
- Molecular Shape and Function
- Concept 2.4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds
- Concept 2.5 Hydrogen bonding gives water properties that help make life possible on Earth
- Cohesion of Water Molecules
- Moderation of Temperature by Water
- Floating of Ice on Liquid Water
- Water: The Solvent of Life
- Acids and Bases
- 3 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
- Overview Carbon Compounds and Life
- Concept 3.1 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms
- The Formation of Bonds with Carbon
- Molecular Diversity Arising from Variation in Carbon Skeletons
- The Chemical Groups Most Important to Life
- ATP: An Important Source of Energy for Cellular Processes
- Concept 3.2 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
- The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers
- The Diversity of Polymers
- Concept 3.3 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material
- Sugars
- Polysaccharides
- Concept 3.4 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
- Fats
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Concept 3.5 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
- Amino Acid Monomers
- Polypeptides (Amino Acid Polymers)
- Protein Structure and Function
- Concept 3.6 Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information
- The Roles of Nucleic Acids
- The Components of Nucleic Acids
- Nucleotide Polymers
- The Structures of DNA and RNA Molecules
- Concept 3.7 Genomics and proteomics have transformed biological inquiry and applications
- DNA and Proteins as Tape Measures of Evolution
- 4 A Tour of the Cell
- Overview The Fundamental Units of Life.
- Concept 4.1 Biologists use microscopes and biochemistry to study cells
- Microscopy
- Cell Fractionation
- Concept 4.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- A Panoramic View of the Eukaryotic Cell
- Concept 4.3 The eukaryotic cell's genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes
- The Nucleus: Information Central
- Ribosomes: Protein Factories
- Concept 4.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
- The Endoplasmic Reticulum: Biosynthetic Factory
- The Golgi Apparatus: Shipping and Receiving Center
- Lysosomes: Digestive Compartments
- Vacuoles: Diverse Compartments
- The Endomembrane System: A Review
- Concept 4.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another
- The Evolutionary Origins of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
- Mitochondria: Chemical Energy Conversion
- Chloroplasts: Capture of Light Energy
- Peroxisomes: Oxidation
- Concept 4.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell
- Roles of the Cytoskeleton: Support and Motility
- Components of the Cytoskeleton
- Concept 4.7 Extracellular components and connections between cells help coordinate cellular activities
- Cell Walls of Plants
- The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Animal Cells
- Cell Junctions
- Concept 4.8 A cell is greater than the sum of its parts
- 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling
- Overview Life at the Edge
- The Fluidity of Membranes
- Evolution of Differences in Membrane Lipid Composition
- Membrane Proteins and Their Functions
- The Role of Membrane Carbohydrates in Cell-Cell Recognition
- Synthesis and Sidedness of Membranes
- Concept 5.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability.
- The Permeability of the Lipid Bilayer
- Transport Proteins
- Concept 5.3 Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment
- Effects of Osmosis on Water Balance
- Facilitated Diffusion: Passive Transport Aided by Proteins
- Concept 5.4 Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients
- The Need for Energy in Active Transport
- How Ion Pumps Maintain Membrane Potential
- Cotransport: Coupled Transport by a Membrane Protein
- Concept 5.5 Bulk transport across the plasma membrane occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Endocytosis
- Concept 5.6 The plasma membrane plays a key role in most cell signaling
- Local and Long-Distance Signaling
- The Three Stages of Cell Signaling: A preview
- Reception, the Binding of a Signaling Molecule to a Receptor Protein
- Transduction by Cascades of Molecular Interactions
- Response: Regulation of Transcription or Cytoplasmic Activities
- 6 Introduction to Metabolism
- Overview The Energy of Life
- Concept 6.1 An organism's metabolism transforms matter and energy
- Metabolic Pathways
- Forms of Energy
- The Laws of Energy Transformation
- Concept 6.2 The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously
- Free-Energy Change (DG), Stability, and Equilibrium
- Free Energy and Metabolism
- Concept 6.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions
- The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP
- How ATP Provides Energy that Performs Work
- The Regeneration of ATP
- Concept 6.4 Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers
- The Activation Energy Barrier
- How Enzymes Speed Up Reactions
- Substrate Specificity of Enzymes
- Catalysis in the Enzyme's Active Site
- Effects of Local Conditions on Enzyme Activity.
- The Evolution of Enzymes
- Concept 6.5 Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism
- Allosteric Regulation of Enzymes
- Organization of Enzymes Within the Cell
- 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
- Overview Life Is Work
- Concept 7.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
- Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP
- Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction
- The Stages of Cellular Respiration:
- Concept 7.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate
- Concept 7.3 After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energyyielding oxidation of organic molecules
- Concept 7.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis
- The Pathway of Electron Transport
- Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism
- An Accounting of ATP Production by Cellular Respiration
- Concept 7.5 Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen
- Types of Fermentation
- Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration
- The Evolutionary Significance of Glycolysis
- Concept 7.6 Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways
- The Versatility of Catabolism
- Biosynthesis (Anabolic Pathways)
- 8 Photosynthesis
- Overview The Process That Feeds the Biosphere
- Concept 8.1 Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food
- Chloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants
- Tracking Atoms Through Photosynthesis
- The Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A Preview
- Concept 8.2 The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
- The Nature of Sunlight
- Photosynthetic Pigments: The Light Receptors
- Excitation of Chlorophyll by Light.
- A Photosystem: A Reaction-Center Complex Associated with Light-Harvesting Complexes.
