Pandemic Ethics : From COVID-19 to Disease X

Pandemic Ethics From COVID-19 to Disease X

Responding to current or future pandemics requires action based on unresolved, fundamental, and controversial ethical issues. The defining feature of a pandemic is its scale--the simultaneous threat to millions or even billions of lives. That scale creates and necessitates awful choices since the we...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores: Savulescu, Julian, editor (editor), Wilkinson, Dominic, editor
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Oxford (UK) : Oxford University Press 2023.
Materias:
COVID-19 (Disease)
Medical ethics.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820427706719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Title page
  • Copyright page
  • Contents
  • Acknowledgement
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • List of Figures
  • Notes on Contributors
  • Introduction
  • I.2 Freedom
  • I.3 Equality
  • I.4 Pandemic X
  • Part I. Global Response to the Pandemic
  • 1. The Great Coronavirus Pandemic: An Unparalleled Collapse in Global Solidarity
  • 1.1 Norms of Solidarity
  • 1.2 The International Health Regulations: Fracturing of the Global Instrument to Govern Pandemic Response
  • 1.3 SARS-CoV-2 Proximal Origin
  • 1.4 Failures in Risk Communication and Lost Public Trust in WHO and Public Health Agencies
  • 1.5 Failures in Scientific Cooperation
  • 1.6 Nationalism, Isolationism, and Science Denial
  • 1.7 WHO Caught in the Middle of Two Political Superpowers
  • 1.8 Exacerbating the Global Narrative of Deep Inequities
  • 1.9 A Failure of Imagination of Global Bodies
  • 1.10 How to Solidify Global Cooperation and Equity
  • 2. Institutionalizing the Duty to Rescue in a Global Health Emergency
  • 2.1 Extreme Nationalism
  • 2.2 The Moral Necessity of Institutionalizing Duties of Justice, not Just Duties of Beneficence
  • 2.3 A Dynamic Conception of Morality
  • 2.4 Extreme Cosmopolitanism
  • 2.5 A Positive Cosmopolitan Duty
  • 2.6 Institutional Design
  • 3. The Uneasy Relationship between Human Rights and Public Health: Lessons from COVID-19
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Scope
  • 3.3 Content
  • 3.4 Common Goods
  • 3.5 Democracy
  • 3.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Part II. Liberty
  • 4. Bringing Nuance to Autonomy-Based Considerations in Vaccine Mandate Debates
  • 4.1 The Standard Approach: Appeal to the Harm Principle
  • 4.2 Application of the Harm Principle to Vaccine Mandate Debates
  • 4.3 Mandates and Freedom of Occupation
  • 4.4 Just a Prick? Bodily Autonomy, Trust, and Psychosocial Harm
  • 4.5 Reasons for Refusal and Implications for Autonomy. 4.6 A Word about the Least Restrictive Alternative-Mandates vs. Nudges and Incentives
  • 4.7 Conclusion
  • 5. The Risks of Prohibition during Pandemics
  • 5.1 Policing Pandemic Risks
  • 5.2 Prohibition and Public Health Outcomes
  • 5.3 Public Health Hypocrisy
  • 5.4 General Principles for Prohibition and Pandemics
  • 5.5 Conclusion
  • 6. Handling Future Pandemics: Harming, Not Aiding, and Liberty
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Distinguishing Not Harming from Aiding
  • 6.3 How to Weigh Costs to Some against "Benefits" to Others
  • 7. Against Procrustean Public Health: Two Vignettes
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 The Ethics of Considering Vaccination Status to Design Public Health Restrictions
  • 7.3 The Ethics of Using "Second-Best" Vaccines
  • 7.4 Coda: Why Research Remains Imperative
  • 7.5 Conclusion
  • 8. Ethics of Selective Restriction of Liberty in a Pandemic
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 The Harm Principle and Liberty Restriction
  • 8.3 Easy Rescue Consequentialism
  • 8.4 Applying Easy Rescue Consequentialism to the Pandemic
  • 8.5 Population-Level Consequentialist Assessment
  • 8.6 Individual Costs
  • 8.7 Resource Use and Indirect Harm
  • 8.8 Consistency: Compare with Children
  • 8.9 Objections
  • 8.10 An Algorithm for Decision-Making
  • 8.11 Conclusion
  • Part III. Balancing Ethical Values
  • 9. How to Balance Lives and Livelihoods in a Pandemic
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Benefit-Cost Analysis
  • 9.3 Social Welfare Analysis
  • 9.4 Evaluating Policies: a Numerical Illustration
  • 9.5 Conclusion
  • 10. Pluralism and Allocation of Limited Resources: Vaccines and Ventilators
  • 10.1 Conflicting Values, Conflicting Choices
  • 10.2 Pluralism in Pandemics
  • 10.3 Challenges to Developing Pluralistic Resource Allocation in a Pandemic
  • 10.4 Disease X
  • 10.5 Conclusions. 11. Fairly and Pragmatically Prioritizing Global Allocation of Scarce Vaccines during a Pandemic
  • 11.1 Background
  • 11.2 Pragmatic Challenges
  • 11.3 Flattening the Curve
  • 11.4 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • 12. Tragic Choices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Past and the Future
  • 12.1 The Two Main Approaches for Resource Allocation: Ethical (USA) versus Medical (Europe) Framework
  • 12.2 Outcomes
  • 12.3 Lessons for the Future
  • 12.4 Conclusion
  • Part IV. Pandemic Equality and Inequality
  • 13. Ethical Hotspots in Infectious Disease Surveillance for Global Health Security: Social Justice and Pandemic Preparedness
  • 13.1 Requirements for Effective Pandemic Preparedness
  • 13.2 Global Justice and Infectious Disease Surveillance
  • 13.3 Surveillance and Social Justice
  • 13.4 Three Tests of Ethical Commitment
  • 13.5 Conclusion: Infectious Disease Hotspots Are also Ethical Hotspots
  • Acknowledgements
  • 14. COVID-19: An Unequal and Disequalizing Pandemic
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 COVID-19: An 'Unequal' Disease?
  • 14.3 The Pandemic and the Policy Response to it
  • 14.4 Policy and the Pandemic: Some Fallouts
  • 14.5 Concluding Observations
  • 15. Pandemic and Structural Comorbidity: Lasting Social Injustices in Brazil
  • 15.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 COVID-19 in Brazil: Background and Pandemic
  • 15.3 Making Visible the Intersection of Vulnerabilities: the Effects of COVID-19 in Brazil and its Colonial Entanglements
  • 15.4 Poverty as a Risk Factor: the Case of the Pandemic in Slums
  • 15.5 Racism and Sexism Aggravating Pandemic Risk: Unemployment, Hunger, and Domestic Violence
  • 15.6 LGBTI+ People in the Pandemic: Isolation and Insecurity
  • 15.7 Indigenous Peoples: Socio-environmental and Ethnic-racial Risk in the Pandemic
  • 15.8 At-risk Groups: Colonial Vulnerability in Times of Pandemic
  • 15.9 Adopting a Decolonial Moral Paradigm. 15.10 The Colonial Past and the Post-pandemic Future
  • 16. Fair Distribution of Burdens and Vulnerable Groups with Physical Distancing during a Pandemic
  • 16.1 Introduction
  • 16.2 Overview of COVID-19 Control Policies in Japan
  • 16.3 COVID-19: Older Individuals and Foreigners in Japan
  • 16.4 Three Policy Measures to Improve the Welfare of Vulnerable Populations
  • 16.5 Adjusting the Public Health Policy for a Future Disease X
  • 16.6 Conclusions
  • Part V. Pandemic X
  • 17. Pondering the Next Pandemic: Liberty, Justice, and Democracy in the COVID-19 Pandemic
  • 17.1 Liberty-Restricting Measures
  • 17.2 Global Justice
  • 17.3 Going Forward
  • 17.4 Conclusion
  • Index.

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