DNA technology in forensic science
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Corporate Author: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Washington, D.C. :
National Academy Press
1992.
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| Edition: | 1st ed |
| Subjects: | |
| See on Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820336606719 |
Table of Contents:
- DNA Technology in Forensic Science
- Copyright
- Preface
- A Statement by the Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science
- Contents
- Summary
- TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Recommendations
- STATISTICAL BASIS FOR INTERPRETATION
- Recommendations
- STANDARDS
- Recommendations
- DATABANKS AND PRIVACY OF INFORMATION
- Recommendations
- DNA INFORMATION IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM
- Recommendations
- DNA TYPING AND SOCIETY
- Recommendations
- 1 Introduction
- BACKGROUND
- GENETIC BASIS OF DNA TYPING
- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DNA
- Individual Variation in DNA
- TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF DNA TYPING
- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
- Polymerase Chain Reaction for Amplifying DNA
- POPULATION GENETICS RELEVANT TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DNA TYPING
- Estimating the Frequency of Alleles in Populations
- Population Substructure
- CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OPTIMAL FORENSIC DNA TYPING SYSTEM
- REFERENCES
- 2 DNA Typing: Technical Considerations
- ESSENTIALS OF A FORENSIC DNA TYPING PROCEDURE
- Scientific Foundations
- Written Laboratory Protocol
- Procedure For Identifying Patterns
- Procedure For Declaring a Match
- Identification of Potential Artifacts
- Sensitivity to Quantity, Mixture, and Contamination
- Experiential Foundation
- Publication and Scientific Scrutiny
- TECHNICAL ISSUES IN RFLP ANALYSIS
- Choice of Probes
- Southern Blot Preparation
- Identification of DNA Patterns
- Examination of a Control Pattern
- Single-Band Patterns
- Anomalous Bands
- Reporting of Anomalies
- Measurement of Fragments
- Match Criteria
- Retention of Sample
- TECHNICAL ISSUES IN PCR-BASED METHODS
- Technical Issues Related to Amplification
- Amplification Conditions
- Qualitative and Quantitative Fidelity
- Amplification Inhibition
- Contamination
- Issues Related to Detection of Amplified Product.
- Reverse Dot Hybridization
- Other Detection Methods
- Use of Kits
- Prospects of PCR-Based Methods
- NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON FORENSIC DNA TYPING
- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
- 3 DNA Typing: Statistical Basis for Interpretation
- ESTIMATING THE POPULATION FREQUENCY OF A DNA PATTERN
- Estimating Frequencies of DNA Patterns by Counting
- Estimating Frequencies of DNA Patterns with the Multiplication Rule(Product Rule)
- Validity of Multiplication Rule and Population Substructure
- Basis of Concern About Population Substructure
- Assessing Population Substructure Requires Direct Sampling of EthnicGroups
- The Ceiling Principle: Accounting for Population Substructure
- DETERMINING ALLELE FREQUENCIES IN A POPULATION DATABANK
- IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC CORRELATIONS AMONG RELATIVES
- IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASED POWER OF DNA TYPING COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONALSEROLOGY
- LABORATORY ERROR RATES
- TOWARD A FIRM FOUNDATION FOR STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION
- Population Studies to Set Ceiling Frequencies
- Reporting of Statistical Results
- Openness of Population Databanks
- Reporting of Laboratory Error Rates
- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
- 4 Ensuring High Standards
- DEFINING THE PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
- POTENTIAL METHODS FOR ENSURING QUALITY
- Certification of Individuals
- Laboratory Accreditation
- Licensing of Laboratories
- Funding Contingent On Adherence to Standards
- QUALITY ASSURANCE IN RELATED FIELDS
- INITIAL EFFORTS TOWARD ESTABLISHING STANDARDS IN FORENSIC DNA TYPING
- A REGULATORY PROGRAM FOR DNA TYPING
- Components of a Suitable Program
- The Role of Professional Organizations
- The Role of Government
- Support for Education, Training, and Research
- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
- 5 Forensic DNA Databanks and Privacy of Information.
- COMPARISON OF DNA PROFILES AND LATENT FINGERPRINTS
- CONFIDENTIALITY AND SECURITY
- METHODOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION
- COST VERSUS BENEFIT
- WHOSE SAMPLES SHOULD BE INCLUDED?
- Samples from Convicted Offenders
- Samples from Suspects
- Samples from Victims
- Samples from Missing Persons and Unidentified Bodies
- Crime-Scene Samples from Unidentified Persons
- Samples from Members of the General Population
- Samples from Anonymous Persons for Population Genetics
- SAMPLE STORAGE
- INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED AND MAINTAINED IN A DATABANK
- RULES ON ACCESSIBILITY
- STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF DATABANK MATCHES
- STATUS OF DATABANK DEVELOPMENT
- State Level
- Federal Level
- MODEL COOPERATIVE INFORMATION RESOURCE
- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
- 6 Use of DNA Information in the Legal System
- ADMISSIBILITY
- The Frye Test
- Admissibility According to the Helpfulness Standard
- Cases on Admissibility of DNA Evidence Under the Federal Rules
- Recent Appellate Opinions
- Admissibility Statutes
- DNA DATABANKS ON CONVICTED FELONS: LEGAL ASPECTS
- ASSESSING THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE BASED ON RESULTS OF FURTHERADVANCES IN DNA TECHNOLOGY
- SUGGESTIONS FOR USE OF DNA EVIDENCE
- DNA EVIDENCE AND THE VARIOUS PARTIES IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM
- The Jury
- The Prosecutor
- The Defense
- TESTING LABORATORIES
- PROTECTIVE ORDERS
- AVAILABILITY AND COST OF EXPERTS
- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES
- 7 DNA Typing and Society
- ECONOMIC ASPECTS
- ETHICAL ASPECTS
- Moral Rights
- Nonmonetary Costs and Benefits
- ABUSE AND MISUSE OF DNA INFORMATION
- EXPECTATIONS
- ACCOUNTABILITY AND PUBLIC SCRUTINY
- INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE
- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
- REFERENCES
- Organizational Abbreviations
- Glossary
- Biographical Information on Committee Members
- Participants
- Index.
