Measuring lead exposure in infants, children, and other sensitive populations

Measuring lead exposure in infants, children, and other sensitive populations

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: National Research Council (U.S.).
Autores Corporativos: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Measuring Lead in Critical Populations (-), National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council (U.S.). Commission on Life Sciences
Otros Autores: Fowler, Bruce A. (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1993.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Lead > Toxicology.
Lead poisoning in children.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820325406719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations
  • Copyright
  • Other Recent Reports of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations
  • Executive Summary
  • CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE AND STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • Sensitive Populations
  • Quantitative Methods for Analysis
  • Exposure
  • Sources and Accumulation
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Sensitive Populations
  • Quantitative Methods for Analysis
  • Exposure
  • Sources and Accumulation
  • Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations
  • 1 Introduction
  • PERSPECTIVE ON ISSUES
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • Beginning of Public-Health Interest in Lead
  • History of U.S. Childhood Lead-Screening Programs
  • Sensitive Populations
  • SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE REPORT
  • 2 Adverse Health Effects of Exposure to Lead
  • CLINICAL INTOXICATION IN CHILDREN
  • Central Nervous System Effects
  • Renal Effects
  • Hematologic Effects
  • INTOXICATION IN ADULTS
  • Central Nervous System and Other Neuropathic Effects
  • Renal Effects
  • Hematologic Effects
  • REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS
  • Reproductive and Early Developmental Toxicity
  • Cognitive and Other Neurobehavioral Effects
  • Prospective Longitudinal Studies
  • Cross-sectional and Retrospective Studies
  • CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS
  • Hypertension and Pregnancy
  • Animal Models of Lead and Blood Pressure
  • Population-Based Epidemiology Studies
  • MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY
  • Effects on Heme Biosynthesis and Erythropoiesis
  • Effects on Vitamin D and Calcium Metabolism
  • Carcinogensis
  • Nephropathy
  • SUMMARY
  • 3 Lead Exposure of Sensitive Populations
  • HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD CONTAMINATION
  • SOURCE-SPECIFIC LEAD EXPOSURE OF SENSITIVE POPULATIONS.
  • Lead in Paint
  • Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations
  • General Characteristics of Exposure
  • Scope of the Problem
  • Lead in Air
  • Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations
  • General Characteristics of Exposure
  • Scope of the Problem
  • Lead in Dust and Soil
  • Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations
  • General Characteristics of Exposure
  • Scope of the Problem
  • Lead in Drinking Water
  • Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations
  • General Characteristics of Exposure
  • Scope of the Problem
  • Lead in the Diet
  • Physicochemical and Environmental Considerations
  • Characteristics of General Exposure
  • Scope of the Problem
  • SUMMARY
  • 4 Biologic Markers of Lead Toxicity
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF EXPOSURE
  • Lead Absorption
  • Lead Distribution
  • Lead Retention and Excretion
  • Interactions of Lead with Nutrients
  • Mathematical Models
  • Linear Models
  • Nonlinear Models
  • Biologic Monitoring
  • Whole Blood
  • Plasma
  • Teeth
  • Bone
  • Milk
  • Placenta
  • Chelatable and Urinary Lead
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF EFFECT
  • Markers Based on Disturbance of Heme Synthesis
  • Markers of Other Biologic Systems
  • Relevance of Current Markers of Effect for Low-Dose Exposures
  • Potential Markers of Effect
  • Enzyme Systems
  • Lead-Binding Proteins
  • Metabolites
  • Identification of Toxicity Mechanisms
  • Inhibition of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Formation
  • Impairment of Heme Synthesis
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY
  • SUMMARY
  • 5 Methods for Assessing Exposure to Lead
  • INTRODUCTION
  • SAMPLING AND SAMPLE HANDLING
  • MEASUREMENT OF LEAD IN SPECIFIC TISSUES
  • Whole Blood
  • Plasma
  • Urine
  • Teeth
  • Milk
  • Placenta
  • MASS SPECTROMETRY
  • Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry
  • Lead Isotopic Composition in the Identification of Lead Sources
  • Stable Lead Isotopic Tracers in Metabolic Studies.
  • Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
  • Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry
  • Glow-Discharge Mass Spectrometry
  • Laser-Microprobe Mass Spectrometry
  • ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY
  • ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY AND OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS
  • NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
  • THE CALCIUM-DISODIUM EDTA PROVOCATION TEST
  • X-RAY FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENT
  • Dosimetry
  • Volume Sampled
  • Precision
  • Accuracy
  • Practical XRF Systems
  • Validation
  • Clinical Uses of X-Ray Fluorescence
  • Research Needs
  • QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
  • SUMMARY
  • 6 Summary and Recommendations
  • SOURCES OF LEAD EXPOSURE
  • ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF LEAD
  • MARKERS OF LEAD EXPOSURE AND EFFECT
  • TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE LEAD EXPOSURE AND EARLY TOXIC EFFECTS
  • References.

Ejemplares similares