Behavioral measures of neurotoxicity report of a symposium
| Autores Corporativos: | , , |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, D.C. :
National Academy Press
1990.
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| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820324706719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Behavioral Measures of Neurotoxicity
- Copyright
- SYMPOSIUM CONTRIBUTORS
- PREFACE
- Contents
- INTRODUCTION
- IDENTIFICATION OF BEHAVIORAL TOXIC AGENTS
- MECHANISMS AND SITES OF ACTION
- THE MEASUREMENT OF BEHAVIOR
- THE LIFE SPAN: WHEN TO MEASURE?
- APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
- REGIONAL REQUIREMENTS
- COMMUNICATION
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
- ARE NEUROTOXINS DRIVING US CRAZY? PLANETARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE CAUSES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF OLD AGE
- CLINICAL FEATURES OF WESTERN PACIFIC ALS/P-D
- WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF WESTERN PACIFIC ALS/P-D?
- CYCADS: POISONOUS PLANTS USED FOR MEDICINE AND FOOD
- FROM LATHYRISM TO CYCADISM
- LINKING CYCADS TO ALS IN IRIAN JAYA AND JAPAN
- TIMING OF CYCAD EXPOSURE
- RELEVANCE FOR VETERANS OF THE PACIFIC WAR
- TOXIC COMPONENTS OF CYCADS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- PART I ASSESSMENT OF NEUROBEHAVIORAL TESTS NOW IN USE
- Methods in Behavioral Toxicology: Current Test Batteries and Need for Development
- TEST BATTERIES NOW IN USE
- Epidemiological and Field Studies
- BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
- BASES OF TEST SELECTION
- THE NEUROBEHAVIORAL CORE TEST BATTERY
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS: SOME CRUCIAL ISSUES
- Neuropsychological Description/Definition of Neurotoxic Syndrome(s)
- Natural History of the Neurotoxic Effects
- Dilemma Between Conservative and Progressive Approaches
- Further Questions of Test Selection
- Simple or Complex Tasks?
- Reliability of Tests and Stability of Functions
- Changes in Personality, Mood, and Affect
- Other Areas for Method Development
- SUMMARY
- References
- The Current Status of Test Development in Neurobehavioral Toxicology
- RESEARCH DESIGN AND TEST SELECTION
- REASONS FOR TEST SELECTION
- RECENT APPROACHES TO TEST BATTERY DESIGN
- Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery
- The Computerized Battery Approach.
- Model or Theory-Based Tests and Test Batteries
- INFLUENCE ON TESTING SELECTION OF DIFFERENT OBJECTIVES FOR TESTING
- EXPECTED DIRECTIONS IN TEST DEVELOPMENT
- REMAINING BARRIERS TO TEST DEVELOPMENT
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
- References
- Human Neurobehavioral Toxicology Testing
- RATIONALES FOR DEVELOPING TEST BATTERIES
- Finland's Institute of Occupational Health Approach
- Problem-Based Approach
- Approach Recommended by the World Health Organization
- Neurobehavioral Evaluation System Approach
- TARGET ORGAN EFFECTS
- Neurotoxic Chemicals
- Exposure Populations
- Behaviors Affected by Many Chemicals
- NIOSH Recommendations
- Recommendations of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
- POTENTIAL OF TEST BATTERIES TO ASSESS TARGET ORGAN HEALTH EFFECTS
- DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS UNDER WAY
- NOTES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND DISCLAIMER
- References
- Neurobehavioral Tests: Problems, Potential, and Prospects
- TESTS CURRENTLY IN USE
- SOME SPECIFIC POINTS
- Methods in Behavioral Toxicology (Hanninen)
- Current Status of Test Development (Williamson)
- Human Neurobehavioral Tests (Anger)
- THE ADEQUACY OF CURRENT TESTS
- SOME NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTER-BASED ASSESSMENT
- Cognitive Componential Models
- Inferential Systems
- IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROBEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
- References
- PART II ASSESSMENT OF ANIMAL MODELS: WHAT HAS WORKED AND WHAT IS NEEDED
- Exposure to Neurotoxins Throughout the Life Span: Animal Models for Linking Neurochemical Effects to Behavioral Consequences
- NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING DEVELOPMENT AND AGING
- THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM IN BEHAVIOR
- EFFECTS OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO DFP: FROM BIRTH TO WEANING
- EFFECTS OF EARLY POSTNATAL EXPOSURE TO DFP
- EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO DFP: SENESCENT RATS
- Genetic (Strain-Specific) Differences in Effects.
- Subchronic Intoxication During Senescence
- Time-Course Recovery of mAChRs Following Down-Regulation in Brain of Senescent Rats
- CONCLUSION
- References
- Animal Models of Dementia: Their Relevance to Neurobehavioral Toxicology Testing
- ANIMAL MODELS OF DEMENTIA
- ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
- PHARMACOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
- MEASURING BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS: SPECIFIC PARADIGMS
- Inhibitory (Passive) Avoidance
- Active Avoidance Tasks
- Operant Conditioning
- Maze Learning
- Other Measures
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- References
- Bridging Experimental Animal and Human Behavioral Toxicology Studies
- THE SCOPE AND AGENDA OF BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY
- STATE OF DEVELOPMENT
- BARRIERS TO ADVANCEMENT
- ACCELERATING THE PACE
- References
- Methods and Issues in Evaluating the Neurotoxic Effects of Organic Solvents
- ACUTE SOLVENT EFFECTS
- APPLICATION OF ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL METHODS
- Acute Effects of Single Exposures
- Acute Effects in the Context of Chronic Exposures
- Reinforcing Properties of Organic Solvents
- CHRONIC SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- The Role of Animal Studies
- Neurobehavioral Methods for Screening Sensory and Motor Effects
- Problems in the Interpretation of Human Studies
- Animal Models of Cognitive Effects
- REFERENCES
- Animal Models: What Has Worked and What Is Needed
- References
- PART III CHEMICAL TIME BOMBS: ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
- On the Identification and Measurement of Chemical Time Bombs: A Behavior Development Perspective
- METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- APPROACHES TO DETECTING BEHAVIORALLY TOXIC SUBSTANCES
- A POTENTIAL TIME BOMB?
- NEW METHODS FOR MEASURING BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY
- ADDITIONAL APPROACHES AND NEW DIRECTIONS
- Multiple Behaviors Can Be Studied
- Comparative Developmental Studies Can Be Undertaken.
- Knowledge Concerning Neurocircuitry and Neurochemistry of the Response Is Accumulating
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- References
- Neurobehavioral Time Bombs: Their Nature and Their Mechanisms
- Relations Between Behavior and Chemical Environment
- CHOLINESTERASE IN PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATIVE DEMENTIAS
- Preclinical Studies of Acetylcholinesterase and Behavior
- Acetylcholinesterase in Behavioral Disorders
- THE TRUTH ABOUT A FALSE TRANSMITTER
- NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS AND BEHAVIOR
- Neurotrophic Factors
- Neurotrophic Factors and Their Environments
- Roles During Neuronal Development and Beyond
- Recovery from Morphological Lesions
- Brain Transplants
- Nerve Growth Factor, Brain Implants, and Behavior
- Behavioral Recovery from Brain Lesions
- CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FUTURE
- NOTE
- References
- Neurobehavioral Toxicity of Selected Environmental Chemicals: Clinical and Subclinical Aspects
- CLINICAL VERSUS SUBCLINICAL NEUROTOXICITY
- NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
- Effects in the Developing Nervous System
- Lead
- Mercury
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls
- EFFECTS IN THE ADULT NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Aluminum
- Organic Solvents
- CONCLUSION
- Lack of Consistency
- Lack of Developmental Perspective
- Uncertain Health Significance
- References
- The Health Effects of Environmental Lead Exposure: Closing Pandora's Box
- HISTORY OF THE PRESENT PERSPECTIVE ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY OF LEAD
- OVERVIEW OF MODERN STUDIES
- Prospective Studies
- Reproductive Effects
- Early Behavioral Effects of Perinatal Lead Exposure
- Retrospective Studies on Correlation of Lead Body Burden and Behavior in Grade School Children
- Later Behavioral Concomitants of Increased Lead Burden
- Effects of Lead on Other Neuropsychological Endpoints
- Other Health Effects of Environmental Lead Exposure
- CRITICAL ISSUES.
- Markers of Lead Exposure
- Statistical Interpretation
- Adequacy of Behavioral Methodology
- Does Lead Contribute to Aging?
- Overview of Cost to Society
- Have Regulatory Agencies Been Slow to Act?
- CLOSING PANDORA'S BOX
- References
- Chemical Time Bombs: Environmental Causes of Neurodegenerative Diseases
- ESTABLISHING CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL NEUROTOXICITY
- CLASSIFYING CHEMICALLY INDUCED HUMAN NEUROTOXIC DISORDERS
- THE MATURE NERVOUS SYSTEM AS CHEMICAL TARGET
- DEVELOPING NERVOUS SYSTEM AS CHEMICAL TARGET
- Scientific Basis for Neurobehavioral Toxicity Testing
- CONCLUSION
- Reference
- PART IV BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF NEUROTOXICITY: REGIONAL ISSUES
- Neurobehavioral Toxicity Testing in China
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
- Carbon Disulfide
- Lead
- Simulated Video Display Terminal (VDT) Operation
- Static Magnetic Fields (SMF)
- NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
- Mood States
- Performance Tests
- EXPECTED DIRECTIONS: BARRIERS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Developments in the Near Future
- Developing and Validating Test Methods
- Generating New Measuring Instruments
- Building a Computerized Evaluation System
- Limitations and Barriers
- Variation of Test Sensitivity from Study to Study
- Bias of Learning Effect
- Controlling Confounding Factors
- Interpreting Results Obtained from Neurobehavioral Tests
- Comments and Recommendations
- Training and Education
- Exploring the Possibility of Combining Quantitative Biochemical Markers and Neurobehavioral Testing
- Development, Validation, and Characterization of Methods
- SUMMARY
- Status of Research and Development of Neurobehavioral Toxicity Tests in China
- Expected Directions in the Development of Behavioral Tests of Neurotoxicity
- Problems and Recommendations
- References.
- Regional Issues in the Development of the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery.
