Animals as sentinels of environmental health hazards Committee on Animals as Monitors of Environmental Hazards, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council
| Autor principal: | |
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| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, D.C. :
National Academy Press
1991.
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| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820324306719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards
- Copyright
- Preface
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- Purpose of the Study
- Current Use of Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment
- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
- Characteristics of Animal Sentinel Systems
- Species
- Exposure Sources
- Duration of Exposure
- Measures of Effect
- Reference Populations
- Objectives of Monitoring Animals Sentinels
- Advantages and Limitations of Animal Sentinel Systems
- Multifactorial Causality
- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans
- FOOD ANIMALS AS SENTINELS
- COMPANION ANIMALS AS SENTINELS
- FISH AND OTHER WILDLIFE AS SENTINELS
- ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
- SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
- 1 Introduction
- OVERVIEW
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- HISTORICAL USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS
- CURRENT USE OF ANIMAL SENTINELS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
- 2 Concepts and Definitions
- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS
- Species
- A sentinel should have a measurable response (including accumulation of tissue residues) to the agent or class of agents...
- A sentinel should have a territory or home range that overlaps the area to be monitored
- A sentinel species should be easily enumerated and captured
- A sentinel species must have sufficient population size and density to permit enumeration
- Exposure Sources
- Duration of Exposure
- Measures of Effect
- Reference Populations
- OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING ANIMAL SENTINELS
- Human Health Effects
- Contamination of the Food Chain
- Environmental Contamination
- Adverse Effects on Animals
- ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN OBSERVATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Descriptive Epidemiology
- Analytic Epidemiologic.
- ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS
- Multifactorial Causality
- Measurement of Exposure and Extrapolation to Humans
- 3 Food Animals as Sentinels
- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Food Safety and Inspection Service
- National Animal Health Monitoring System
- Market Cattle Identification Program
- Food and Drug Administration
- Shellfish Monitoring Programs
- The National Animal Poison Information Network
- Outbreak Investigation
- Methyl Mercury in Fish
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chickens
- Polybrominated Biphenyls in Cattle
- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Sheep and Heavy Metals
- Cattle and Heavy Metals
- Cattle and Fluoride
- SUMMARY
- 4 Companion Animals as Sentinels
- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Veterinary Medicine Data Program
- Poison-Control Centers
- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Canine Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure
- Canine Bladder Cancer and Insecticide Exposure
- Lead Poisoning
- Breast Cancer in Dogs
- Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer
- Diet and Survival with Breast Cancer
- Birds and Polytetrafluoroethylene Exposure
- Low-Level Radiation and Cancer
- Cancer in Vietnam-Service Dogs
- Animal Neoplasm Registry
- SUMMARY
- 5 Fish and Other Wildlife as Sentinels
- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- National Programs
- National Status and Trends Program
- Mussel Watch
- National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program
- Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals
- Penrose Laboratory of Comparative Pathology
- Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report
- State/Regional/Local Programs
- Great Lakes
- Chesapeake Bay
- Puget Sound
- Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary
- ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- Initial Identification of Hazardous Agents.
- Hazard Identification of Chemical Mixtures
- Indication of Bioavailability of Chemicals at Hazardous-Waste Sites
- Water-Quality Monitoring
- Indicators of Air Pollution
- Risk Characterization of Species Under Study
- Dose-Response Relationships
- Contamination of Human Food Chain
- IN SITU STUDIES
- Fish
- Planarians
- Starlings
- Earthworms
- Honey Bees
- SUMMARY
- 6 Animal Sentinels in Risk Assessment
- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
- Animals as General Environmental Monitors
- Animals as Monitors of Their Own Exposure
- Animals as Monitors of Exposure of Their Consumers
- Animals as Surrogate Monitors of Human Exposure
- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
- Early Warnings: Initial Identification of Hazardous Agents
- Hazard Identification for Chemical Mixtures
- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT
- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK CHARACTERIZATION
- Risks to Animal Species Under Study
- Risk to Consumers of Animal Species Under Study
- Risk to Humans: Animal Sentinels as Surrogates
- USE OF ANIMAL SENTINEL SYSTEMS IN RISK MANAGEMENT
- Management of Risks to Animal Species Under Study
- Management of Risks to Consumers of Animal Species Under Study
- Management of Risks to Human Health: Animal Sentinels as Surrogates
- Animal Sentinel Systems as Monitors of Effectiveness of Risk Management Actions
- SUMMARY
- 7 Selection and Application of Animal Sentinel Systems in Risk Assessment
- SYSTEM DESIGN
- IMPLEMENTATION
- VALIDATION
- PROGRAM INTEGRATION
- 8 Conclusions and Recommendations
- References
- Appendix Workshop Participants.
