Biologic markers in immunotoxicology

Biologic markers in immunotoxicology

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Immunotoxicology (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1992.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Immunotoxicology.
Biochemical markers.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820324006719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • List of Abbreviations
  • Summary
  • HYPERSENSITIVITY
  • AUTOIMMUNITY
  • IMMUNE SUPPRESSION
  • BIOASSAYS OF IMMUNOTOXICITY
  • CLINICAL APPLICATION OF EXISTING IMMUNOTOXICOLOGIC BIOLOGIC MARKERS
  • ROLE OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF IMMUNOTOXICITY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
  • INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY
  • 1 Introduction
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS
  • Markers of Exposure
  • Markers of Effect
  • Markers of Susceptibility
  • VALIDITY OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS
  • UNCERTAINTY AND RISK
  • ETHICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES
  • STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
  • 2 The Structure and Function Of the Immune System And Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity
  • DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
  • MECHANISMS OF CHEMICALLY INDUCED IMMUNE DISEASE
  • IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity
  • Complement-Mediated and Immune-Complex-Mediated Injury
  • T-Cell Reactions
  • EFFECTS OF XENOBIOTICS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
  • 3 Biologic Markers For Immune-Mediated Disease
  • DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM
  • EXPOSURE THROUGH INHALATION (PULMONARY HYPERSENSITIVITY)
  • Occupational Asthma and Rhinitis
  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
  • EXPOSURE THROUGH INGESTION
  • DERMAL EXPOSURE
  • Contact Dermatitis
  • Photocontact Dermatitis
  • Contact Urticaria
  • NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE ENHANCEMENT
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY
  • History and Clinical Signs
  • Skin Tests
  • Serum IgE Concentration
  • In Vitro Assays for Specific Antibody
  • In Vitro Assays for Cellular Immunity
  • Provocation Challenges
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage
  • ANIMAL MODELS FOR DETECTING CHEMICALLY MEDIATED HYPERSENSITIVITY
  • Techniques Used in Animal Studies to Determine the Potential of Chemicals to Cause Hypersensitivity
  • IgE-and IgG-Mediated Immediate Reactions
  • Cytotoxic Reactions
  • Antigen-Antibody Complexes
  • Contact Hypersensitivity
  • SUMMARY.
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
  • IgE Sensitivity
  • Immunologically Mediated Adverse Reactions
  • Local Versus Systemic Immunity
  • Sensitizers
  • Individual Differences in Sensitivity
  • Development of Self-Antigens
  • Effects of Exposure Conditions
  • Epidemiology
  • IGE AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY
  • Cellular and Antibody Immunity
  • Individual Variability
  • Local Versus Systemic Immunity
  • Organic Versus Chemical Hypersensitivity
  • Effects of Exposure
  • Particle Composition
  • Chemical Haptens
  • 4 Autoimmune Diseases
  • DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM
  • INCIDENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
  • SUSCEPTIBILITY VERSUS EXPOSURE
  • XENOBIOTIC-INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY
  • MECHANISMS
  • ANIMAL MODELS
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS
  • MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
  • IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES
  • OTHER GENETIC MARKERS
  • RATE OF ACETYLATION
  • Antinuclear Antibodies
  • Specific Tissue Autoantibodies
  • Histopathologic Examination
  • Immune Complexes
  • Complement
  • SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 5 The Capacity of Toxic Agents to Compromise the Immune System (Biologic Markers of Immunosuppression)
  • CONSEQUENCES OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
  • ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS
  • Human Studies
  • Experimental Studies
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • Benzene
  • Metals
  • Complex Mixtures
  • Miscellaneous
  • INHALATION AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
  • SKIN AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
  • MYELOTOXICITY AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
  • DIFFICULTIES IN ESTABLISHING HUMAN RISK
  • FACTORS THAT AFFECT SUSCEPTIBILITY
  • Age and External Factors
  • Metabolic Differences
  • Species Differences
  • IMPORTANCE OF MECHANISTIC STUDIES
  • SUMMARY
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 6 Animal Models for Use in Detecting Immunotoxic Potential And Determining Mechanisms of Action
  • ANIMAL IMMUNOTOXICITY BIOASSAYS
  • Pathologic Evaluation
  • Humoral Immunity
  • Cellular Immunity
  • Nonspecific Immunity
  • Bone Marrow
  • Host Resistance.
  • Mechanistic Studies
  • ASSAYS OF PULMONARY IMMUNOCOMPETENCE
  • ASSAYS REQUIRING ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  • USE OF IMMUNOTOXICITY BIOASSAYS
  • Considerations in the Design of Immunotoxicity Testing
  • Immunotoxicity as a Basis for Risk Assessment
  • SUMMARY
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 7 Human Immune-System Biologic Markers of Immunotoxicity
  • TESTS FOR ASSESSING IMMUNITY
  • TESTS OF THE HUMORAL IMMUNE SYSTEM
  • Immunoglobulin Concentration
  • Antibody Formation
  • B Cells
  • CELLULAR IMMUNE SYSTEM
  • Skin Testing
  • In Vitro Stimulation of Lymphocytes
  • OTHER TESTS
  • OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS THAT ASSESS THE EFFECT OF IMMUNOTOXICANTS
  • Primary Humoral Immune Responses
  • Activation Antigens on Lymphocyte Surfaces and in Serum
  • Synthesis and Secretion of Lymphokines After Lymphocyte Activation
  • Proliferative Responses to Super-Antigens
  • Self-HLA-Restricted Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
  • PROPOSED TESTING REGIMEN
  • SUMMARY
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 8 Application of Biologic Markers Of Immunotoxicity in Epidemiology
  • EPIDEMIOLOGY
  • CONTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS TO EPIDEMIOLOGY
  • VARIABILITY IN REFERENCE POPULATIONS
  • SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND PREDICTIVE VALUE
  • AUTHENTICATION OF THE EVENT STATUS
  • STUDY DESIGN
  • REFERENCE POPULATIONS
  • CASE STUDIES
  • Background
  • Study Design
  • Results
  • Strengths
  • Limitations
  • Background
  • Study Design
  • Results
  • Strengths
  • Limitations
  • Background
  • Study Design
  • Results
  • Strengths
  • Limitations
  • Background
  • Study Design
  • Results
  • Strengths
  • Limitations
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 9 Use of Biologic Markers In Controversial Areas Of Environmental Health
  • EVIDENCE OF EXPOSURE TO ORGANIC CHEMICALS
  • HEALTH EFFECTS OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS
  • CASE DEFINITIONS OF MULTIPLE-CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY SYNDROME
  • IMMUNE-SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION IN MCS PATIENTS.
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF SENSITIVITY TO CHEMICALS
  • Provocative Challenge
  • Skin Tests
  • ANTIBODIES TO FORMALDEHYDE-HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN ADDUCTS
  • Avoidance Regimens
  • T-cell Helper-to-Suppressor Ratios
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 10 Summary and Recommendations
  • CHEMICAL-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN HUMANS
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations
  • ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURE IN HYPERSENSITIVITY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations
  • ANIMAL AND IN VITRO MODELS
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations
  • MARKERS OF SKIN AND MUCOSAL RESPONSES
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations
  • EDUCATION AND TRAINING
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations
  • ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND SENSITIVITY SYNDROMES
  • Conclusions
  • Recommendations
  • REFERENCES
  • Glossary
  • BIOGRAPHIES
  • INDEX.

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