Malaria : obstacles and opportunities : a report of the Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control: Status Review and Alternative Strategies, Division of International Health, Institute of Medicine

Malaria obstacles and opportunities : a report of the Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control: Status Review and Alternative Strategies, Division of International Health, Institute of Medicine

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Institute of Medicine (U.S.).
Autor Corporativo: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee for the Study on Malaria Prevention and Control: Status Review and Alternative Strategies (-)
Otros Autores: Oaks, S. C. (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1991.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Malaria.
Malaria > Prevention.
Malaria > Research.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820323206719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Malaria
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • LIAISON PANEL
  • CONTRIBUTORS TO THE STUDY
  • Contents
  • Malaria
  • 1 Conclusions and Recommendations
  • DEFINING THE PROBLEM
  • THE REPORT
  • Background
  • Organization
  • Sponsorship
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Policy
  • Commitment and Sustainability
  • Surveillance
  • Inter-Sectoral Cooperation
  • New Tools for Malaria Control
  • Coordination and Integration
  • Malaria Research Priorities
  • Research in Support of Available Control Measures
  • Development of New Tools
  • Malaria Control
  • Organization of Malaria Control
  • Paradigm Approach
  • Management
  • Monitoring and Evaluation
  • Problem Solving (Optional Research) and Evaluation
  • Training
  • 2 Background
  • MALARIA AS A DISEASE
  • Clinical Aspects
  • Immunity
  • Role of Genetics
  • DIAGNOSIS
  • THE PARASITE
  • Life Cycle
  • Relapse and Recrudescence
  • THE MOSQUITO
  • Life Cycle
  • Host-Seeking and Feeding Behavior
  • THE ENVIRONMENT
  • EPIDEMIOLOGY
  • Geographic Distribution
  • Transmission
  • MALARIA CONTROL
  • Drugs
  • Source Reduction
  • Larviciding
  • Spraying
  • Contact Reduction
  • Vaccines
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • 3 Overview
  • PRE-COLUMBIAN HISTORY
  • MALARIA IN AMERICA
  • DISCOVERY OF QUININE
  • DISCOVERY OF THE MALARIA PARASITE AND ITS LIFE CYCLE
  • MALARIA AND THE MILITARY
  • MALARIA CONTROL
  • ERADICATION
  • Background
  • Eradication Campaign
  • Financial Support for Eradication
  • Eradication to Control
  • 1970 to Present
  • U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR MALARIA ACTIVITIES
  • United States
  • U.S. Agency for International Development
  • Centers for Disease Control
  • Department of Defense
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
  • REFERENCES
  • 4 Clinical Medicine and the Disease Process
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Clinical Aspects of Malaria.
  • Severe Malaria
  • Other Clinical Features
  • Uncomplicated Malaria
  • Malaria Chemoprophylaxis and Treatment
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Pathogenesis
  • Treatment
  • Chemoprophylaxis
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Diagnostic Tests
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Microscopy
  • Standard Technique
  • Quantitative Buffy Coat Technique
  • QBC Versus Microscopy
  • Alternatives to Microscopy
  • Immunoassays
  • Genetic-Probe Assays
  • Polymerase Chain reaction
  • Antibody Assays
  • Other Assays
  • Specifications for Diagnostic Tests
  • Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Parasite Biology
  • WHERE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • The Parasite
  • Parasite-Host Interactions
  • Liver Phase
  • Blood Phase
  • Mosquito Phase
  • Parasite Physiology and Biochemistry
  • Feeding
  • Permeability Changes in Erythrocyte Membranes
  • Other Parasite-Directed Changes in Erythrocyte-Membrane Structure
  • Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Energy Transformations and Mitochondria
  • Parasite Lipids
  • Evasion of Host Defenses
  • Cytoadherence
  • Neoantigens
  • Molecular Biology
  • Parasite Genetic Diversity
  • Karyotype
  • Protein Expression
  • Other Mechanism of Genetic Variability
  • Drug Resistance
  • Cloning of Genes for Functional Proteins
  • Differential Gene Expression
  • Research Training
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Sporogonic Phase
  • Liver Phase
  • Blood Phase
  • Physiology and Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Drug Action and Resistance
  • Clinical Immunity
  • Cytoadherence
  • Parasite Genes
  • In Vitro Cultivation
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Vector Biology, Ecology, and Control
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Vector-Parasite Interactions
  • Sporogonic Development in Anopheles Mosquitoes
  • Factors Affecting Susceptibility
  • Factors Affecting Transmission
  • Malaria Transmission.
  • Regulation of Vector Population-Larval Ecology
  • Vector Incrimination
  • Vector Species and Distributions
  • Mosquito Taxonomy and Species Complexes
  • Parasite Transmission
  • Field Studies
  • Indices of Malaria Transmission
  • Surveillance Strategies
  • Entomological Components of Malaria Vaccine Development
  • Vector Control
  • Prevention and Control of Transmission
  • Selection of Antivector Measures
  • Personal Protection Measures
  • Insecticide Resistance
  • Ecological and Public Health Impacts of Pesticides
  • Innovative Vector Control Measures
  • Training in Vector Biology
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Field Investigations
  • Patterns of Transmission
  • Microepidemiology
  • Regulation of Anopheline Populations
  • Country-Wide Vector Surveillance
  • Vaccine Field Trials
  • Laboratory-Based Research
  • Malaria Parasite Development in Mosquitoes
  • Technique Development for Field Studies
  • Innovative Methods for Malaria Control
  • Antimosquito Vaccines
  • Genetic Modification of the Mosquito Vector
  • Drug Development
  • Evaluation of Vector Control Methods
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 Drug Discovery and Development
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Principles of Prophylaxis and Treatment
  • Status of Prophylaxis and Treatment
  • Plasmodium malariae and P.ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Available Antimalarial Drugs
  • Causal Prophylactics
  • Drugs Used for Treatment
  • Drug Discovery and Development
  • Walter Read Army Institute of Research
  • World Health Organization
  • Role of Drug Companies
  • Other Participants
  • Drugs Under Development
  • Arteether
  • WR 238605
  • BW566c
  • Antibiotics
  • Agents That Reverse Chloroquine Resistance
  • Agents in Preclinical Development
  • Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacology
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Artemisinin
  • Drug Mechanisms of Action
  • Quinoline Resistance.
  • New Drug Targets
  • Transformation
  • Plasmodium vivax Culture System
  • Drug Delivery
  • Botanical Preparations
  • Secondary Metabolites
  • REFERENCES
  • 9 Vaccines
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Prospects For a Vaccine
  • Approaches To Vaccine Development
  • Pre-Erythrocytic Vaccines
  • Mechanisms of Immunity
  • Targets of Pre-Erythrocytic Immunity
  • Impediments to Pre-Erythrocytic Vaccine Development
  • Induction of the Appropriate Immune Response
  • Asexual Blood-Stage Vaccines
  • Mechanisms of Immunity
  • Targets of Blood-Stage Immunity
  • Preclinical and Clinical Trials
  • Impediments to Asexual Blood-Stage Vaccine Development
  • Merozoite Surface Antigen 1: A Case Study in Vaccine Development
  • Transmission-Blocking Vaccines
  • Mechanisms of Immunity
  • Targets of Transmission-Blocking Immunity
  • Impediments to Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Development
  • Antimosquito Vaccines
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Identification of Mechanisms and Targets of Protective Immunity
  • Vaccine Formulation
  • In Vitro Assays
  • Culture Systems
  • REFERENCES
  • 10 Epidemiologic Approaches to Malaria Control
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Infection and Disease
  • Morbidity and Mortality
  • Approaches to Malaria Control
  • Tactical Variants and Stratification
  • The Epidemiologic Approach to Malaria Control
  • Development of the Paradigms
  • Description of the Paradigms
  • Principal Determinants
  • Malaria Control Tools
  • Application of the Paradigm Approach
  • Program Planning and Evaluation
  • Policy Formulation
  • Intervention Strategy
  • Training
  • Reporting
  • Problem Solving (Operational Research)
  • Logistical Support and Transportation
  • Evaluation
  • Central Core of Expertise
  • Decentralized Activities
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Infection, Immunity, and Disease
  • Pregnancy and Birth Outcome.
  • Chemoprophylaxis and Therapy
  • Drug Resistance
  • Paradigms
  • Bednets
  • REFERENCES
  • 11 Economics of Malaria Control
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Applications of Economics to Malaria
  • The Economic Costs of Malaria
  • Costs and Effects of Malaria Control
  • Operational Research
  • Economics and Policymaking
  • Determining Policy Option
  • Epidemiology and Economics
  • Example 1: The Burden of Disease and Priority Setting
  • Example 2: Decreasing Returns
  • Example 3: More Decreasing Returns
  • Example 4: Average Versus Marginal Costs and Benefits
  • Example 5: Economics and Epidemiologic Paradigms
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Decision Making Skills
  • Data Collection
  • Information, Education, and Communication Programs
  • Resources
  • REFERENCES
  • 12 Social and Behavioral Aspects of Malaria
  • WHERE WE WANT TO BE IN THE YEAR 2010
  • WHERE WE ARE TODAY
  • Factors Favoring Malaria Transmission
  • Agricultural Development
  • Type I and Type II Farming Systems
  • Human Population Movements
  • Urbanization
  • Implications for Malaria Control Programs
  • Acceptance and Usage of Control Methods
  • Perceptions of Cerebral Malaria
  • Causes of Malaria
  • Water and Mosquitoes
  • Distinguishing Malaria from Other Diseases
  • Drug Side Effects and Beliefs About Drug Action
  • Logistical and Organizational Problems
  • Lack of Community Participation
  • RESEARCH AGENDA
  • Understanding Community Beliefs
  • Health-Seeking Behavior
  • Research Methods
  • Health Communications
  • Community Participation
  • Community Involvement in Planning and Evaluation
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix A Paradigms
  • TYPES OF MALARIA
  • DETERMINANTS
  • TOOLS
  • Appendix B Dissenting Opinion
  • REFERENCES
  • Glossary A
  • Index.

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