Environmental neurotoxicology

Environmental neurotoxicology

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Neurotoxicology and Models for Assessing Risk (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1992.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Neurotoxicology.
Environmental monitoring.
Health risk assessment.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820323106719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Environmental Neurotoxicology
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
  • NEUROTOXICITY TESTING
  • SURVEILLANCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY
  • BIOLOGIC MARKERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY
  • NEUROTOXICITY RISK ASSESSMENT
  • 1 Introduction: Defining the Problem of Neurotoxicity
  • NEUROLOGIC RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS
  • MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM OF NEUROTOXICITY
  • DETECTION AND CONTROL OF EXPOSURE TO NEUROTOXICANTS
  • SCOPE OF THIS REPORT
  • 2 Biologic Basis of Neurotoxicity
  • CELLULAR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
  • Structure of the Neuron
  • The Nerve Impulse
  • Synaptic Transmission
  • Synaptic Messengers
  • GENERAL ASPECTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
  • Metabolism
  • Blood-Brain Barrier
  • Development
  • Plasticity
  • Trophic Interactions
  • VULNERABILITY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TO CHEMICAL TOXICANTS
  • Complexity of Structural and Functional Integration
  • Limitations on Repair
  • Accessibility to Lipid-Soluble Toxicants
  • Dependence on Glucose
  • Axonal Transport
  • Synaptic Transmission
  • Ion Channels
  • EXAMPLES OF NEUROTOXIC MECHANISMS
  • Pyrethroids
  • γ-Diketones
  • MPTP
  • SUMMARY
  • 3 Biologic Markers in Neurotoxicology
  • CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
  • Biologic Markers of Exposure
  • Biologic Markers of Effect
  • Biologic Markers of Susceptibility
  • VALIDATION OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS
  • USE OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS IN RISK ASSESSMENT
  • SUMMARY
  • 4 Testing for Neurotoxicity
  • APPROACH TO NEUROTOXICITY TESTING
  • Difficulties in Neurotoxicity Testing
  • The Testing Strategy
  • Characteristics of Tests Useful for Screening
  • Application of the Screen and Later Tiers
  • CURRENT METHODS BASED ON STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
  • CURRENT IN VITRO PROCEDURES
  • Biochemical Assays
  • Tissue Culture
  • Plausibility of an In Vitro Screening Battery.
  • CURRENT IN VIVO PROCEDURES
  • Behavioral Assessment
  • Functional Observational Batteries
  • Motor Activity
  • Schedule-Controlled Operant Behavior
  • Specialized Tests of Neurologic Function
  • Motor Function
  • Sensory Function
  • Learning and Memory
  • Neurophysiologic Procedures
  • Nerve-Conduction Studies
  • Sensory Evoked Potentials
  • Electroencephalography
  • Neurochemical Procedures
  • Neuroendocrine Interactions
  • Neuropathology
  • Imaging Procedures
  • Modifying Variables
  • Age at Exposure
  • Age at Testing
  • Sex
  • Genetic Differences
  • CURRENT REGULATORY APPROACHES
  • STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVED NEUROTOXICITY TESTING
  • Screening
  • Validation
  • Priority-Setting and Implementation
  • Research Needs
  • 5 Surveillance to Prevent Neurotoxicity in Humans
  • Need for Surveillance
  • NEUROBEHAVIOURAL TEST BATTERIES
  • CURRENT EXPOSURE SURVEILLANCE EFFORTS
  • CURRENT DISEASE-SURVEILLANCE EFFORTS
  • 6 Risk Assessment
  • APPROACHES TO RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NEUROTOXICITY
  • CURVE-FITTING IN RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NEUROTOXICITY
  • MECHANISTIC MODELS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NEUROTOXICITY
  • SUMMARY
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations
  • References
  • Index.

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