Under the influence? : drugs and the American work force

Under the influence? drugs and the American work force

Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores: Normand, Jacques, 1954- (-), Lempert, Richard O., O'Brien, Charles P.
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1994.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Drugs and employment > United States.
Alcoholism and employment > United States.
Employee assistance programs > United States.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820307306719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • UNDER THE INFLUENCE?
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Summary: Conclusions and Recommendations
  • THE COMMITTEE'S CHARGE
  • DEFINITION OF TERMS
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Part I: Scope of Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • Chapter 2 Etiology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: An Overview of Potential Causes
  • Chapter 3 Epidemiological Evidence: The Dimensions of the Problem
  • Part II: Effects of Use
  • Chapter 4 Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Laboratory Studies
  • Chapter 5 Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Observational/Field Studies
  • Part III: Effectiveness of Workplace Interventions
  • Chapter 6 Detecting and Assessing Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • Chapter 7 Impact of Drug-Testing Programs on Productivity
  • Chapter 8 Employee Assistance Programs
  • Appendix A Methodological Issues
  • REFERENCE
  • 1 Introduction
  • THE COMMITTEE'S CHARGE
  • Definition of the Term Drug
  • Definitions of Use, Abuse, and Dependence
  • Definition of the Work Force
  • SCOPE OF THE REPORT
  • REFERENCES
  • I Scope Of Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • 2 Etiology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: An Overview of Potential Causes
  • OVERVIEW
  • ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG USE ON THE JOB
  • Patterns of Alcohol and Other Drug Use on the Job
  • Predictors of Alcohol and Other Drug Use on the Job
  • Nature Versus Nurture in Alcohol and Other Drug Use on the Job
  • Alcohol and Other Drug Use by Occupation and Context
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Epidemiological Evidence: The Dimensions of the Problem
  • SURVEY AND DRUG-TESTING APPROACHES: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
  • LARGE-SCALE SURVEYS
  • High School Senior Surveys
  • Prevalence and Trends in Illicit Drug Use
  • Alcohol and Cigarettes
  • National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse
  • Prevalence and Trends in Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • Demographic Correlates of Alcohol and Other Drug Use.
  • Alcohol and Other Drug Use by the Work Force
  • Military Worldwide Surveys
  • Trends in Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • Demographic Correlates of Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • Effects of Alcohol and Other Drug Use at Work
  • Comparing Military and Civilian Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • Is Heavy Illicit Drug Use Declining?
  • Summary
  • WORK SITE DRUG TESTING
  • Background
  • Findings
  • Reasons for Testing
  • Region and Type of Industry
  • Time Trends
  • Summary
  • ORGANIZATION-SPECIFIC PREVALENCE STUDIES
  • U.S. Postal Service
  • Hospital Employees
  • Municipal and Housing Authority Workers
  • Naval Recruits
  • Utility Employees
  • Manufacturing
  • Summary
  • OTHER PREVALENCE STUDIES OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG USE IN THE WORKPLACE
  • Summary
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • II Effects Of Use
  • 4 Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Laboratory Studies
  • STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF LABORATORY STUDIES
  • DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS
  • Stimulant Drugs
  • Marijuana
  • Alcohol and Sedatives
  • Residual Drug Effects
  • METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
  • LIMITS AND REALITIES OF LABORATORY STUDIES
  • GENERAL FINDINGS
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Observational/Field Studies
  • COMMON PROBLEMS WITH FIELD STUDIES
  • Links Between Deviance, Alcohol and Other Drug Use, and Work Behavior
  • Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Deviance
  • Role of Deviance in the Correlation of Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Work Behavior
  • FIELD STUDIES
  • Absenteeism
  • Accidents
  • Accidents in the Transportation Industry
  • Accidents in Other Industries
  • Turnover
  • Job Satisfaction
  • Other Outcomes
  • Summary
  • PRODUCTIVITY COSTS OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG USE
  • Overview of a Typical Cost-of-Drug-Use Study
  • Interpreting Cost-of-Drug-Use Studies
  • Costs of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Worker Productivity.
  • Alcohol Use and Productivity
  • Marijuana Use and Productivity
  • Cocaine and Other Drug Use and Productivity
  • Demographic Differential Effects
  • Variations in Results Across Outcome Measures
  • INTERPRETING THE EMPIRICAL RESULTS
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • III Effectiveness Of Workplace Interventions
  • 6 Detecting and Assessing Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • EVOLUTION OF BIOCHEMICAL DRUG TESTING
  • BIOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR DETECTING DRUG USE
  • Specimen Collection
  • Laboratory Methods
  • On-Site Testing Facilities
  • Adding to the List of Drugs to be Tested
  • Accuracy and Interpretation
  • INDIRECT METHODS OF ASSESSING ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG USE
  • Personal Profiles
  • Integrity Tests
  • Other Personal Profile Measures
  • Summary
  • Behavioral Indicators
  • Drug Evaluation and Classification Program
  • Occupational Alcoholism and Employee Assistance Programs
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Impact of Drug-Testing Programs on Productivity
  • TYPES AND USES OF DRUG-TESTING PROGRAMS
  • IMPACT OF DRUG-TESTING PROGRAMS
  • Preemployment Drug Testing
  • For-Cause Testing
  • Random Drug Testing
  • Workplace Drug Testing and Productivity
  • CONCEPTUAL INCONGRUITIES IN RESEARCH METHODS
  • Conceptual Issues
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Drug-Testing Programs
  • EFFECTS OF DRUG TESTING ON ATTITUDES AND MORALE
  • Influence of Job Characteristics
  • Influence of Program Characteristics
  • Limitations of Research on Reactions to Drug Testing
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 Employee Assistance Programs
  • PREVENTION ACTIVITIES
  • Health Promotion and Wellness Programs
  • Effects of Interventions on Work-Related Outcome Measures
  • EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
  • Types of Data Available
  • Utilization of Services
  • Evidence of Effectiveness
  • Specific Activities and Services
  • Supervisor Training.
  • Impact of Supervisor Training
  • Follow-Up Counseling and Support
  • Level of Care
  • Summary
  • TREATMENT
  • Entering Treatment
  • Self-Referral
  • Supervisor Referral
  • Advantage of Early Detection and Referral
  • Treatment Follow-up and Work Site Reentry
  • Plan for After-Care
  • Effectiveness of After-Care
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • APPENDIXES
  • A Methodological Issues
  • SCIENTIFIC JUDGMENT AND RESEARCH DESIGN
  • TYPES OF STUDY DESIGNS
  • Epidemiologic (Observational, Nonexperimental)
  • Drug-Use-Related Issues by Epidemiologic Designs
  • Strengths and Weaknesses
  • Quasi-Experiments: Strengths and Weaknesses
  • Randomized Trials and Laboratory Experiments: Strengths and Weaknesses
  • PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE VERSUS STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
  • RESEARCH DESIGN ISSUES SPECIFIC TO DRUG USE IN THE WORKPLACE
  • Unit of Analysis
  • Temporal Sequence and Causality
  • Measurement Errors of Drug Use Indicators
  • CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
  • REFERENCES
  • B The Legal Environment of Drug Testing
  • SOURCES OF AUTHORITY
  • LEGAL CONSTRAINTS
  • The Fourth Amendment
  • Skinner and Von Raab
  • Applying the Reasonableness Standard
  • Factors to Be Considered
  • The Private Sector
  • Employees and Applicants
  • State Law
  • CONCLUSION
  • A WORD ABOUT ETHICS
  • REFERENCES
  • C Biographical Sketches
  • Index.

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