Sources of medical technology : universities and industry

Sources of medical technology universities and industry

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Technological Innovation in Medicine (-)
Otros Autores: Rosenberg, Nathan (-), Gelijns, Annetine, Dawkins, Holly V.
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1995.
Edición:1st ed
Colección:Medical innovation at the crossroads ; v. 5.
Materias:
Medical innovations.
Medicine > Research.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820306506719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Sources of Medical Technology: Universities and Industry
  • Copyright
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • List of Tables and Figures
  • List of Abbreviations
  • PART I Setting the Stage
  • 1 The Changing Nature of Medical Technology Development
  • ORGANIZATION OF THE PRESENT VOLUME
  • IMPORTANCE OF UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS
  • INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF MEDICAL R&amp
  • D
  • SOME CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Recent Trends in Support for Biomedical Research and Development
  • BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDERS
  • Federal Spending for Biomedical Research and Development
  • Federal Spending for Medical Device Research and Development
  • A Change in the Emphasis of Federal Spending
  • Direct Federal Support for Industry
  • Tax Credits on Incremental Research and Development
  • Industry Spending for Biomedical Research and Development
  • Research and Development Investments by Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
  • Research and Development Investments by the Medical Devices Industry
  • FUNDING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND UNIVERSITIES
  • FEDERAL EFFORTS TO ENCOURAGE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
  • The Stevenson-Wydler and the Bayh-Dole Acts
  • Federal Technology Transfer Act
  • Consequences for University-Industry Relationships
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • PART II Medical Device Innovation
  • 3 Physicians and Physicists: The Interdisciplinary Introduction of the Laser to Medicine
  • THE LASER'S INVENTION
  • PHOTOCOAGULATION
  • FEAR OF INJURY
  • POTENTIAL IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
  • PHOTOCOAGULATORS AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
  • MORE EARLY MEDICAL LASER RESEARCH
  • THE MEDICAL LASER INDUSTRY TODAY
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • TECHNICAL APPENDIX
  • 4 From the Scalpel to the Scope: Endoscopic Innovations in Gastroenterology, Gynecology, and Surgery
  • FIBER OPTICS AND GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY.
  • The Fiber-Optic Era
  • Further Refinements and New Clinical Applications
  • GYNECOLOGICAL LAPAROSCOPY: THE CASE OF SURGICAL CONTRACEPTION
  • Developing and Establishing the Clinical Value of First-Generation Gynecological Laparoscopes (1945...
  • Development of Second- and Third-Generation Procedures (1970s and 1980s)
  • THE SURGEON AND ENDOSCOPY: LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
  • SOME CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS AND SPECULATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Cochlear Implantation: Establishing Clinical Feasibility, 1957-1982
  • THE IDEA OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE HUMAN EAR
  • APPROACHES TO IMPLANTATION
  • NEW BEGINNINGS: COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN THE 1970S
  • Work by House, Simmons, and Michelson
  • Climate of Conflicting Opinions
  • Developing Interest Abroad
  • Threshold of a New Era
  • THE "CLINICIANS," THE "EXPERIMENTALISTS," AND THE ESTABLISHING OF CLINICAL FEASIBILITY
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Innovation in Cardiac Imaging
  • OVERVIEW OF CARDIAC IMAGING
  • Nuclear Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • THE INNOVATION PROCESS
  • Examples from Echocardiography and Nuclear Cardiology
  • Concept
  • Prototype
  • Commercialization
  • Diffusion
  • Refinement
  • BARRIERS TO INNOVATION
  • CONCLUSION: MOVING TOWARD AN OPTIMAL R&amp
  • D PROGRAM IN AN INDUSTRIAL FIRM
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • APPENDIX A
  • Thallium Imaging
  • APPENDIX B
  • Tc-99 Sestamibi Tracer
  • APPENDIX C
  • Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
  • APPENDIX D
  • Transesophageal Echocardiography
  • APPENDIX E
  • Acoustic Quantification
  • APPENDIX F
  • Color Flow
  • PART III Biotechnology Innovation
  • 7 Incentives and Focus in University and Industrial Research: The Case of Synthetic Insulin
  • THE EMERGENCE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • RESEARCH COORDINATORS
  • A SHORT HISTORY OF THE RDNA INSULIN RESEARCH PROJECTS
  • THE ROLE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH.
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Organic Chemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Interactions with the Wider Medical and Scientific Community
  • The Nature of Interdisciplinary Research
  • THE ROLE OF INTERINSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH
  • Academic Collaboration
  • Financial Linkages
  • ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS
  • The Existence of Heterogeneous Incentives
  • The Consequences of Heterogeneous Incentives
  • Interlab Competition
  • Conclusions: Consequences of Insulin Research for Future University-Industry Interactions
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 The Division of Innovative Labor in Biotechnology
  • PARTICIPANTS IN THE DIVISION OF INNOVATIVE LABOR IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
  • COLLABORATION STRATEGIES OF LARGE FIRMS
  • EVALUATING AND USING TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION
  • THE DIVISION OF INNOVATIVE LABOR: TRANSIENT AND UNDESIRABLE?
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • Part IV Concluding Observations
  • 9 Perspectives on Industrial R&amp
  • D Management
  • THE CHANGING RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
  • THE EVOLVING SCIENCE BASE
  • CLINICAL EVALUATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES
  • CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 10 The Intertwining of Public and Proprietary in Medical Technology
  • Appendixes
  • Appendix A Workshop Agenda
  • THE UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY INTERFACE AND MEDICAL INNOVATION
  • Appendix B Contributors
  • Index.

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